脱钙骨基质治疗长骨骨折延迟愈合及骨不连

目的探讨脱钙骨基质(decalcifiedbonematrix,DBM)治疗长骨骨折延迟愈合和骨不连的疗效。方法长骨延迟愈合、骨不连共57例,男45例,女12例;年龄21~65岁,平均42岁。开放性骨折17例,闭合骨折40例。骨折延迟愈合32例中,肱骨4例,股骨10例,胫骨18例;骨不连25例中,肱骨5例,股骨4例,胫骨16例。全部采用DBM于骨断端处和骨缺损区植入治疗。结果57例患者均获随访,随访时间4~37个月,平均7.8个月。骨折延迟愈合32例中骨折愈合31例,1例胫骨骨折未愈合;骨不连25例中骨折愈合23例,2例未愈合,其中胫骨1例、肱骨1例。愈合时间3~6.6个月,平均4.7个月。结论DBM治疗长骨骨折延迟愈合及骨不连,其疗效满意、并发症少。     

形状记忆合金环抱器治疗上肢长骨干复杂骨折

目的评价形状记忆合金环抱器(shape m em ory alloy encircling fixer,SMAEF)治疗上肢长骨干复杂骨折的疗效,并与动力加压接骨板(dynam ic com pressive p late,DCP)进行临床对比研究。方法随机选择2001年6月至2004年12月入院的上肢长骨干复杂骨折75例,分别采用SMAEF(38例)与DCP(37例)进行内固定治疗。经6~30个月(平均16个月)的随访,观察患者骨折愈合和功能恢复情况。比较两组的手术时间、骨愈合时间、伤口感染率、骨不连发生率和疗效优良率。结果SMAEF组的手术时间明显低于DCP组(P<0.05),两组的伤口感染率无差异。SMAEF组骨愈合时间显著短于DCP组,骨不连发生率也低于DCP组(P<0.05)。根据综合评定标准,SMAEF组疗效评定优良率高于DCP组(P<0.05)。结论SMAEF具有良好的抗弯曲、抗扭转作用,固定可靠、可早期功能锻炼,有利于骨折愈合;SMAEF内固定术具有创伤小、操作简便和较少应力遮挡效应等优点,是治疗上肢长骨干复杂骨折的理想方法。     

动力化治疗下肢长骨骨折术后延迟愈合的研究进展

下肢长骨骨折术后延迟愈合是骨折术后主要并发症之一。骨折延迟愈合一旦出现，应给予积极的干预措施，避免进一步发展成骨不连。"动力化"技术治疗髓内钉术后骨折延迟愈合，具有微创、高效的特点，临床上已得到广泛运用。锁定加压接骨板（LCP）"动力化"作为一项新技术，有临床证据显示对LCP术后骨折延迟愈合有显著疗效。现就临床上针对下肢长骨干骨折术后延迟愈合的动力化治疗进展作一综述。     

旋入式自锁髓内钉治疗下肢长骨骨折

目的总结旋入式自锁髓内钉治疗下肢长骨骨折的疗效。方法回顾性分析75例下肢骨折行旋入式自锁髓内钉治疗的临床资料,其中股骨干骨折29例,胫腓骨骨折46例。结果手术时间平均32(25～95)min,失血量平均65(20～350)ml,手术切口均一期愈合。69例平均随访13(7～25)月。骨折愈合时间平均4.3(3.5～15)月。3例发生延迟愈合。结论旋入式自锁髓内钉治疗下肢长骨骨折具有操作简单、创伤小、并发症少的优点,值得临床推广应用。     

四肢长骨开放性骨折早期内固定治疗的探讨

目的探讨早期内固定系统治疗四肢长骨开放性骨折的临床效果。方法86例四肢长骨开放性骨折患者，采用早期彻底清创，切开复位内固定治疗，其中采用钢板螺钉57例，髓内钉加钢丝14例，克氏针加钢丝10例，钢丝加外固定支架5例。Ⅰ期缝合65例，延迟缝合10例，皮瓣转移11例。结果随访77例，平均10.5（3-22）个月，骨正常愈合73例，延迟愈合或骨不连4例。结论早期内固定治疗四肢长骨开放性骨折能尽量把开放性骨折转变为闭合性骨折，从而提高其愈合能力。     

211例下肢长骨骨折带锁髓内钉固定的临床评价

目的 对211例下肢长骨骨折带锁髓内钉内固定治疗的临床结果进行评价。方法 用不扩髓带锁髓内钉为主要固定方法，对211例股骨、胫骨骨折进行手术复位内固定治疗，术后进行包括CPM在内的有序功能锻炼。结果 获得随访189例，时间4～26个月，平均9个月。全组病例获得骨性愈合，无骨不连发生，骨折延迟愈合7例，膝关节功能受限4例。按Johner-wruch标准：优158例，良22例，中9例，优良率95．2％。结论 带锁髓内钉是治疗下肢长骨骨折较好的方法，其适应证较以往有进一步的拓展，术中骨折复位与保存骨折块血供并重的理念是正确的。     

下肢骨干骨折术后骨不连的原因分析及手术治疗

目的探讨下肢骨干骨折术后骨不连的原因、再次手术治疗方式及临床疗效。方法自2010-01—2012-06诊治下肢骨干骨折术后骨不连41例,分析骨不连原因,选择更换内固定物或保留髓内钉附加接骨板固定,并对营养不良型和萎缩型骨不连取自体髂骨植骨。结果骨不连分型：肥大型7例,营养不良型19例,萎缩型15例。27例原骨折固定技术存在明显力学错误,14例嗜烟。再次手术后获15~34（21.7±9.3）个月随访,术后切口均一期愈合。骨折均骨性愈合,股骨干愈合时间（8.6±3.3）个月,胫骨干愈合时间（9.3±4.4）个月。临床疗效按Johner-Wruhs评分标准：股骨干优良率90.0%,胫骨干优良率90.1%。结论骨折断端的血供被破坏、骨折不稳定、嗜烟是下肢骨干骨折术后骨不连的主要原因,针对不同原因骨不连而采用恰当的手术治疗能取得良好的疗效。     

股骨骨折髓钉固定术后延迟愈合及不愈合原因分析

目的回顾性分析应用髓内钉治疗股骨干骨折术后发生延迟愈合及不愈合的原因。方法收集2002—2009年使用髓内钉内固定治疗股骨干骨折术后发生延迟愈合、不愈合病例43例,综合分析各病例的受伤机制及影像学资料并进行X线分型,重新进行手术内固定、植骨、骨髓注射等治疗。结果对所有病例进行随访,最长8年,最短10个月,平均随访时间41.9个月。临床疗效评定,优20例,良15例,中5例,差3例。结论在骨折治疗过程中,影响骨折愈合的因素是多种多样的,良好的解剖复位为骨折断端的接触和稳定提供了条件;同时需要密切术后随访,定期行影像学检查,实时监测骨折愈合的进程,制订合理的康复治疗方案,及时消除影响骨折愈合的因素,才能最终达到治疗目的,尽早恢复肢体功能。     

可吸收髓内针在四肢长骨干骨折中的应用

目的观察可吸收髓内针在四肢长骨干骨折中应用的疗效。方法23例四肢长骨干骨折应用可吸收髓内针内固定。其中,胫骨干骨折18例,肱骨干骨折5例;胫骨骨折中粉碎性骨折8例。结果随访8~31个月。术后切口均Ⅰ期愈合,无切口感染及肿胀积液,无骨髓炎、畸形愈合及骨不连接发生,无毒性反应及副作用,患肢功能良好。结论可吸收髓内针是治疗四肢长骨干骨折较理想的一种内固定方法。     

Three key factors affecting treatment results of low-intensity pulsed ultrasound for delayed unions and nonunions: instability, gap size, and atrophic nonunion

Background

If some predictable factors that affect the treatment results of low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) for delayed union or nonunion could be determined, these might provide us with suggestions for whether LIPUS should be used as an alternative treatment for surgery or an adjuvant therapy after surgery. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to determine what factors affected failure of fracture healing after LIPUS for delayed unions and nonunions.

Methods

A one-year observational retrospective cohort study was conducted with a consecutive cohort of 101 delayed unions and 50 nonunions after long bone fractures that were treated with LIPUS between May 1998 and April 2007. The main outcome measure was radiographic determination of osseous bone union status within one year after start of LIPUS therapy. Statistical evaluation was used to recognize predictable factors that affect treatment results of LIPUS for delayed union and nonunion.

Results

Delayed union group (n = 101): Seventy-five delayed unions (74.3 %) united without an additional major surgical intervention. Failure of LIPUS therapy was associated with types of nonunion (atrophic/oligotrophic vs. hypertrophic, relative risk 23.72 [95 % CI 1.20–11.5], p < 0.01), instability at fracture site (unstable vs. stable, relative risk 3.03 [95 % CI 1.67–5.49], p < 0.001), and maximum fracture gap size not less than 9 mm (relative risk 3.30 [95 % CI 1.68–6.45]). Nonunion group (n = 50): Thirty-four nonunions (68.0 %) united without an additional major surgical intervention. Failure of LIPUS therapy was associated with method of fixation (intramedullary nail vs. others, relative risk 4.50 [95 % CI 1.69–12.00], p < 0.001), instability at fracture site (unstable vs. stable, relative risk 4.56 [95 % CI 2.20–9.43], p < 0.0001), and maximum fracture gap size not less than 8 mm (relative risk 5.09 [95 % CI 1.65–15.67]).

Conclusions

LIPUS should be applied as an adjuvant therapy in combination with surgical intervention for an established atrophic nonunion with instability and/or with larger fracture gap.     

经皮自体骨髓移植治疗骨折延迟愈合及不愈合

目的 探讨经皮自体骨髓移植治疗骨折延迟愈合、不愈合的疗效。方法 对11例骨折不愈合、4例延迟愈合患者,在C臂X线机透视下将所取自体红骨髓注射至骨折延迟愈合、不愈合部位。定期摄X线片复查。结果 12例获得愈合,愈合时间3～11个月。3例未愈合,未见异位骨化等并发症。结论 自体骨髓移植,是临床上治疗骨折延迟愈合及不愈合可供选择的方法之一。     

Role of locking plates in treatment of difficult ununited fractures: a clinical study

Objective:To present our experience in treatment of difficult ununited long bone fractures with locking plate.Methods:Retrospective evaluation of locking plate fixation in 10 difficult nonunions of lon...     

肱骨交锁髓内钉治疗肱骨骨折术后骨不连

目的介绍应用肱骨交锁髓内钉治疗肱骨骨折术后骨不连的经验。方法1997年10月～2001年7月,应用肱骨交锁髓内钉治疗12例肱骨骨折术后骨不连患者,其中肥大型5例,萎缩型2例,假关节形成5例。受伤至骨不连手术的时间平均为10．5个月(5～33个月)。手术采用开放复位顺行置入髓内钉,锁入远端交锁钉后向近端打拔以使断端加压,自体髂骨及RBX植骨。结果所有患者获平均21个月(9～51个月)随访。12例患者骨不连均获得愈合,平均愈合时间为5．8个月(3．5～8．0个月)。其中1例去除髓内钉后1年于原骨不连部位发生再骨折,重新植骨内固定而获得愈合。11例肩关节及上肢功能恢复良好。所有患者未遗留神经损伤症状。结论肱骨交锁髓内钉为治疗肱骨骨折术后骨不连的有效方法。     

Treatment of Delayed/Nonunion of Scaphoid Waist with Synthes Cannulated Scaphoid Screw and Bone Graft

Fracture of the scaphoid bone is the most common fracture of the carpus, and frequently, diagnosis is delayed. The unique anatomy and blood supply of the scaphoid itself predisposes to delayed union or nonunion. The Synthes scaphoid screw is a cannulated headed screw, which provides superior compression compared with some other devices used to internally fix scaphoid nonunions. Our aim was to conduct a retrospective study looking at the union rate, time to union, and complications and correlating the outcome of treatment against the delay between injury and surgery and location of the fracture within the bone. This study is a review of a cohort of 30 patients treated with a cannulated Synthes scaphoid screw and corticocancellous bone grafting for scaphoid waist delayed union and nonunion at our center. We achieved 86% overall union rate. The patients with delayed union achieved a 100% union rate. Three out of four patients with persistent nonunion after surgery reported no pain and improved function. The failure rate was 75% in patients who had sustained their fracture more than 5 years previously. Our study demonstrates that delayed union of scaphoid waist fractures and scaphoid waist nonunions present for less than 5 years can be successfully treated by fracture compression and bone grafting. No support of any kind was received from anybody.     

体外冲击波治疗骨折延迟愈合和骨不连研究进展

骨折后延迟愈合及骨不连的发生率高达5%~10%，目前手术是治疗骨不连的“黄金标准”，主要包括清理骨折断端、再通髓腔、自体骨移植及更换固定方式，但骨不连的手术治疗存在创伤大、感染以及二次手术取出内固定的问题。近年来，体外冲击波疗法（ESWT）因其无创、高效、低廉等优势在骨肌疾病的治疗中得到广泛应用，尤其在治疗骨折延迟愈合和骨不连方面取得良好疗效，本文就体外冲击波疗法在治疗骨折骨不连的进展做一综述，期望能够对临床工作有所帮助。     

体外冲击波治疗骨折延迟愈合和骨不连研究进展

骨折后延迟愈合及骨不连的发生率高达5%~10%，目前手术是治疗骨不连的“黄金标准”，主要包括清理骨折断端、再通髓腔、自体骨移植及更换固定方式，但骨不连的手术治疗存在创伤大、感染以及二次手术取出内固定的问题。近年来，体外冲击波疗法（ESWT）因其无创、高效、低廉等优势在骨肌疾病的治疗中得到广泛应用，尤其在治疗骨折延迟愈合和骨不连方面取得良好疗效，本文就体外冲击波疗法在治疗骨折骨不连的进展做一综述，期望能够对临床工作有所帮助。     

Percutaneous grafting with bone marrow autologous concentrate for open tibia fractures: analysis of forty three cases and literature review

Purpose

Tibial fractures are the most common lower limb fractures. Some criteria such as open fractures and increasing open stage are known to be associated with high delayed union and pseudarthrosis rate. In cases of delayed or nonunion, classical treatment is autologous cancelous bone graft which is associated with high morbidity rate. The ideal treatment would be a percutaneous harvesting and grafting technique. As bone marrow autologous concentrate (BMAC) presents both advantages, we evaluated this technique from 2002 to 2007.

Methods

This was a retrospective study of 43 cases of open tibial fractures with initial surgical treatment. The criteria of inclusion were open fracture and nonunion, delayed union or suspicion of delayed union.

Results

In 23 cases (53.5 %) BMAC was successful. The success group had received significantly more CFU-F than the failure group (469 vs 153.10³, p?=?0.013). A threshold of 360.10³ CFU-F grafted could be established over which there was 100 % success. BMAC done before 110 days after fracture had 47 % success and BMAC done since 110 days after fracture had 73 % success. BMAC success rate decreased with increasing initial fracture skin open stage. There was no BMAC success in cases of a fracture with a remaining gap of more than 4 mm. We had no complications with the technique at the iliac harvesting zone and tibia injection point.

Conclusion

BMAC is a technique that should be considered as one of the different alternatives for management of long-bone delayed and nonunion because of its effectiveness, low complication rate, preservation of bone stock and low cost.     

Results of repositioning osteotomies in delayed healing or pseudarthrosis of the proximal femur]

The results after valgus osteotomy for delayed or nonunion in 20 patients with femoral neck fractures (9 Pauwels type II and 11 type III) and 10 intertrochanteric fractures are reported. The mean age of the patients at presentation with delayed/nonunion of femoral neck fractures and intertrochanteric fractures was 37.5 and 60 years, respectively. The average interval between injury and valgus osteotomy in the first and second group was 8 and 13 months, respectively. The average size of the preoperatively determined and intraoperatively removed wedge was 30 degrees in both groups. The results of the two fracture groups were analyzed separately. All but one osteotomy in a patient with a nonunion of a femoral neck fracture consolidated without complications. This case developed a nonunion at the osteotomy and required additional surgery consisting of bone graft and refixation to heal. Of the femoral neck delayed/nonunion cases, 15 (75%) healed immediately following valgus osteotomy. In the intertrochanteric delayed/nonunion patients, valgus osteotomy led directly to bone consolidation in 6 (60%). In each fracture group 3 additional cases healed following reoperation for a total consolidation rate of 90%. In the femoral neck group one union was complicated by infection, resulting in ankylosis of the hip and 3.5 years later another patient with a revascularized femoral head required total hip arthroplasty because of a large, loose osteochondral fragment. In two cases union of the former femoral neck fracture could not be achieved. Partial avascular necrosis determined the course and total hip arthroplasty was required for both cases.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

经皮自体红骨髓植入治疗胫骨中下段骨折延迟愈合及不愈合

目的 探讨经皮自体红骨髓植入治疗胫骨中下段骨折延迟愈合及不愈合的疗效.方法 对胫骨中下段骨折延迟愈合18例、骨折不愈合5例患者,将自体红骨髓植入至骨折断端,定期摄X线片复查.结果 23例均获得随访,时间4～16个月,患者骨折均愈合,愈合时间3～12个月,未见骨折畸形愈合、异位骨化及感染等并发症.结论 经皮自体红骨髓植入治疗胫骨中下段骨折延迟愈合及不愈合是一种有效、安全、简易、实用的方法.     

股骨、胫骨骨折交锁髓内钉固定后骨不连的诊治

目的探讨股骨、胫骨骨折应用交锁髓内钉固定后骨不连的诊断及应用微创内固定系统(LISS)或锁定加压钢板(LCP)治疗其骨不连的临床疗效。方法2003年2月～2004年12月,对7例股骨和胫骨骨折患者髓内钉固定后应用X线或CT扫描观察骨不连情况,并应用LISS或LCP固定 植骨治疗,病程10～49个月,平均23.3个月。结果7例患者获4～16个月(平均9.1个月)随访;骨折均在术后4～6个月牢固连接,平均愈合时间4.7个月,无植入物松动等并发症发生。结论对骨折端较长时间存在骨折线、且骨折局部伴有疼痛症状者要果断进行手术干预,消除骨折端的微动和消灭骨缺损。LISS或LCP因其先进的锁定设计,可有效治疗股骨和胫骨骨不连。