一种DWT的提升实现及其图像编码应用

根据多项式矩阵的初等变换理论,把一种有理滤波器系数17/11双正交小波对应的DWT分解为提升步骤,极大地降低了计算复杂度.最后,将此提升小波变换应用于嵌入式图像编码.实验表明,其图像压缩性能显著超过JPEG 2000标准中采用的9/7提升小波变换.     

17/11双正交小波的优化设计及其对图像压缩性能的分析

许多适合于图像编码的小波,如CDF-9/7,Winger-17/11(W-17/11),Villasenor-6/10和10/18(V-6/10和V-10/18)小波,其滤波器系数是无理数,需要用无限的计算精度实现对应的离散小波变换(DWT)。该文给出了一种参数化构造17/11双正交小波组的简便方法:首先把小波合成滤波器表示为用两个自由参数表达的三角多项式,然后把双正交小波的精确重构条件归结为一个线性方程组,最后求解此方程组得到对应的小波分解滤波器,从而得到了17/11双正交小波滤波器的参数表达式。通过调整表达式中的自由参数,可以随意构造具有所需特征的17/11线性相位小波滤波器。作为构造实例,构造出一种新的有理系数17/11双正交小波滤波器,它具有优化的编码增益。实验表明:其压缩性能与W-17/11和V-10/18小波滤波器相当,优于CDF-9/7和V-6/10小波滤波器。     

基于小波变换的几种图像压缩方法研究

利用小波变换进行图像编码已成为近年来的研究热点.采用不同的小波变换和量化,就形成了不同的压缩方案.本文选用了Daubechies9/7小波和基于提升框架的线性插值小波变换,并基于现在最流行的JPEG2000标准,采用标量量化及嵌入式编码等不同方法,对几种压缩方法的实验效果进行了比较.     

JPEG2000算法中基于有界输入有界输出(BIBO)增益控制的小波变换定点实现技术

该文提出一种在JPEG2000算法中兼容5/3小波变换和9/7小波变换高效硬件定点实现技术。所提出的技术使用9/7提升小波变换的有界输入有界输出(Bounded Input Bounded Output, BIBO)增益来确定小波变换中间值的存储位深,使用5/3提升小波变换的BIBO增益来确定9/7提升小波变换中量化参数的选择方式和量化的实现方式,最终使用同一存储空间来存放定点5/3提升小波变换和定点9/7提升小波变换系数。该文提出的技术不仅大大节省了JPEG2000算法中小波实现模块中的硬件存储资源和算法计算量,而且也节省了后续基于上下文的位平面算术编码模块和率失真优化截取模块的存储资源和算法计算量。     

纯二维5/3小波变换及其在CT图像无损压缩中的应用

小波变换在数字图像处理领域有着广泛的应用,其对图像的处理常采用行列分离处理方式,这种方式不能完全吻合人眼视觉特性.针对这一情况,构造了一种与人眼视觉特性更加吻合的纯二维小波变换处理方式.首先,由一维5/3小波滤波器组通过McClellan变换构造纯二维5/3小波滤波器组,并用提升格式实现;然后,用该提升格式与纯二维Lazy小波滤波器组相嵌套的形式实现图像的纯二维5/3小波变换.为了便于工程应用,给出了其变换规程.将纯二维5/3小波变换用于CT图像的无损压缩,实验证明:对于512 dpi×512 dpi尺寸的CT图像,纯二维5/3小波变换无损压缩效果高于二维可分离5/3小波变换,每幅图像可平均节省1 989.9 byte.     

SPIHT嵌入式编码算法在图像压缩中的应用

介绍了小波提升的基本原理及其实现流程,分析和比较了小波提升和Mallat算法在图像压缩中的应用,并将9/7提升小波应用在SPIHT嵌入式图像编码中。实验结果表明,该算法具有低复杂、高保真的特点。     

基于提升小波变换的SPECK图像编码算法

提升小波变换即第2代小波变换,可以实现图像的完全无损编码;SPECK(集合分裂嵌入块编码)是基于小波变换的采用块状结构的图像编码算法。文中介绍了基于提升方法的整数小波变换和SPECK图像编码算法,提出了用整数小波变换代替传统小波变换进行SPECK图像编码。实验结果表明,在相同压缩比下,该算法比EZW(零树小波编码)在重建图像的信噪比方面有所提高,而与SPHIT(多级树集合分列算法)接近。     

多小波图像编码中前置滤波器的设计

本文研究多小波图像编码中前置滤波器的设计,多小波变换矢得滤波,普通的标量信号要通过一个前置滤波器转化为一信号,才能进行我小波变换。本文根据图像信号的特点,结合现有的二种前置滤波器,提出了一种新的置滤波方程。实验数据表明,这种新的前置滤波器优于现有的二种前置滤波器,因而为提高图像压缩比例创造了条件。     

一种低存储需求的二维DWT VLSI结构设计方法

为了减少基于提升的二维离散小波变换(DWT)VLSI结构设计中的片内存储需求,采用了一种新颖的调度方法,通过读取少量数据进行行滤波操作,并实现和列滤波的并行处理,有效地减少了片内存储容量.此外,行滤波和列滤波变换内部结构采用流水线设计方法,加快了运算速度,提高了硬件资源利用率,减小了电路的规模,并且这种基于提升的9/7离散小波变换二维结构很方便兼容5/3滤波器.经过Verilog HDL仿真验证,结果表明,在50MHz系统时钟下,采用9/7滤波器经3级分解,每秒钟可处理21帧大小为1280×1024×8bit的灰白图像.     

基于小波变换的图像编码研究

小波图像编码是近几年发展起：长的一种新兴的图像编码方法。本文结合小波变换的特点，对小波图像编码方案进行研究，并提出小波图像编码的新方案及实现方法。     

Analysis of error in the fixed-point implementation of two-dimensional discrete wavelet transforms

Computational error due to the fixed-point implementation of two-dimensional (2-D) discrete wavelet transform (DWT) is analyzed. This analysis is based on the exact knowledge of the DWT analysis and synthesis filters and the word length of the original image. In the fixed-point implementation, it is crucial to understand and analyze effects of finite precision in filters coefficients as well as rounding of intermediate calculations for the purpose of storage and/or transmission. Analyses and formulations are presented for both convolution and lifting approaches and they are validated by Monte Carlo simulations. The specific example used throughout this work is the lossy wavelet transformation used in the JPEG2000 compression standard.     

基于改进的K-L变换的多光谱图像压缩算法

融合离散小波变换(DWT,discrete wavelet tran sform)与Karhunen-Loeve变换(KLT),将图像的能量集中到少数系数上,以达到更好的 压缩效果。首先将多光谱图像的每个谱段进行快速9/72D DWT,消除多光谱图像的大部分 空间冗余;然后对所有谱段产生的小波系数进行改进的KLT,来消除光谱冗余和残存的空 间冗余;最后对所得谱段产生的小波系数进行改进的KLT,来消除光谱冗余和残存的空间冗 余;最后对所得系数进行熵编码,得到压缩码流。实验结果表明,在码率为0.25～2.0bit/ pixel范围内,平均信噪比(SNR)高于41dB,同时缩短了运 算时间,从而提升了多光谱图像压 缩算法的性能。     

A general approach for analysis and application of discretemultiwavelet transforms

This paper proposes a general paradigm for the analysis and application of discrete multiwavelet transforms, particularly to image compression. First, we establish the concept of an equivalent scalar (wavelet) filter bank system in which we present an equivalent and sufficient representation of a multiwavelet system of multiplicity r in terms of a set of r equivalent scalar filter banks. This relationship motivates a new measure called the good multifilter properties (GMPs), which define the desirable filter characteristics of the equivalent scalar filters. We then relate the notion of GMPs directly to the matrix filters as necessary eigenvector properties for the refinement masks of a given multiwavelet system. Second, we propose a generalized, efficient, and nonredundant framework for multiwavelet initialization by designing appropriate preanalysis and post-synthesis multirate filtering techniques. Finally, our simulations verified that both orthogonal and biorthogonal multiwavelets that possess GMPs and employ the proposed initialization technique can perform better than the popular scalar wavelets such as Daubechies'D8 wavelet and the D(9/7) wavelet, and some of these multiwavelets achieved this with lower computational complexity     

An efficient content-adaptive motion-compensated 3-D DWT with enhanced spatial and temporal scalability.

We propose a novel, content adaptive method for motion-compensated three-dimensional wavelet transformation (MC 3-D DWT) of video. The proposed method overcomes problems of ghosting and nonaligned aliasing artifacts which can arise in regions of motion model failure, when the video is reconstructed at reduced temporal or spatial resolutions. Previous MC 3-D DWT structures either take the form of MC temporal DWT followed by a spatial transform ("t+2D"), or perform the spatial transform first ("2D + t"), limiting the spatial frequencies which can be jointly compensated in the temporal transform, and hence limiting the compression efficiency. When the motion model fails, the "t + 2D" structure causes nonaligned aliasing artifacts in reduced spatial resolution sequences. Essentially, the proposed transform continuously adapts itself between the "t + 2D" and "2D + t" structures, based on information available within the compressed bit stream. Ghosting artifacts may also appear in reduced frame-rate sequences due to temporal low-pass filtering along invalid motion trajectories. To avoid the ghosting artifacts, we continuously select between different low-pass temporal filters, based on the estimated accuracy of the motion model. Experimental results indicate that the proposed adaptive transform preserves high compression efficiency while substantially improving the quality of reduced spatial and temporal resolution sequences.     

一类最佳数据压缩FIR滤波器与Daubechies 小波

提出了一种设计数据压缩FIR滤波器的新方法．该方法在不引入信息失真的前提下以最有效分解原信号为目的设计滤波器．由此设计的滤波器可以实现数据基于压缩目的的最优分解,能够最大可能地提取信号中的有用信息同时去除冗余信息．该分解过程与具有一定正则性的Daubechies小波的离散小波变换十分相似,该滤波器也和Daubechies小波分解滤波器完全相同,其原因是Daubechies在构造小波时引入的余项应为零．     

Discrete Lattice Wavelet Transform

The discrete wavelet transform (DWT) has gained a wide acceptance in denoising and compression coding of images and signals. In this work we introduce a discrete lattice wavelet transform (DLWT). In the analysis part, the lattice structure contains two parallel transmission channels, which exchange information via two crossed lattice filters. For the synthesis part we show that the similar lattice structure yields a perfect reconstruction (PR) property. The PR condition can be used to design half-band filters, which effectively eliminate aliasing in decimated tree structured wavelet transform. The DLWT can be implemented directly to any of the existing DWT algorithms     

CCSDS中二维整数小波变换的FPGA实现方法

CCSDS空间图像压缩标准(CCSDS 122.0-B-1)的核心算法之一是三级二维小波变换,此变换适合用可编程逻辑电路实现。文章介绍了整数9/7小波变换的特点,提出了一种基于FPGA的二维变换快速实现结构,该方法利用FPGA内部Block RAM进行行暂存,实现了行列同时变换的效果,节省了内部寄存器资源,并获得了较高的数据吞吐率。在此基础上,文章还给出了两种适用于不同需求的多级变换架构,并通过仿真验证了其合理性。     

A new class of biorthogonal wavelet systems for image transformcoding

We construct general biorthogonal Coifman wavelet systems, a new class of compactly supported biorthogonal wavelet systems with vanishing moments equally distributed for a scaling function and wavelet pair. A time-domain design method is employed and closed-form expressions for the impulse responses and the frequency responses of the corresponding dual filters are derived. The resulting filter coefficients are all dyadic fractions, which is an attractive feature in the realization of multiplication-free discrete wavelet transform. Even-ordered systems in this family are symmetric, which correspond to linear-phase dual filters. In particular, three filterbanks (FBs) in this family are systematically verified to have competitive compression potential to the 9-7 tap biorthogonal wavelet FB by Cohen et al. (1992), which is currently the most widely used one in the field of wavelet transform coding. In addition, the proposed FB's have much smaller computational complexity in terms of floating-point operations required in transformation, and therefore indicate a better tradeoff between compression performance and computational complexity.     

多级多维离散小波变换的快速提升计算

提升方法是计算离散小波变换的有效手段,它由一系列的提升步和拉伸变换组成.在计算多级和多维离散小波变换时,现有方法在每一次小波分解的过程中都做完整的提升步计算和拉伸变换计算.我们发现该方法存在运算过程的冗余,为此本文提出了一种称之为后拉伸变换的提升方法,基本思想是计算完所有的提升步后,再统一进行拉伸变换.它能减少离散小波变换的乘法运算量.例如,对图像与视频压缩中应用广泛的Daubechies 9/7小波,做一维5级分解时与现有方法相比,乘法运算减少20%,而二维5级分解时,乘法运算减少28%.     

JPEG2000小波变换器的VLSI结构设计

新一代静止图像压缩标准JPEG2000将离散小波变换(DWT)作为其核心变换技术,并推荐采用推举体制(lifting)快速算法来实现.空间组合推举体制算法(SCLA)大大降低了lifting的运算量.当选用9/7小波滤波器时,SCLA的乘法运算量只有lifting的7/12.本文提出了一种实现SCLA算法的VLSI结构,降低了基于lifting实现的运算量, 加快了变换的速度,减小了电路的规模.本文的二维正反小波变换器已经作为单独的IP核应用于我们目前正在开发的JPEG2000图像编解码芯片中.