影响D型石墨铸铁性能及组织的因素

本文在大量实验的基础上，探讨了碳当量、硅碳比、锰、钛及孕育剂等各个因素对D型石墨铸铁组织及性能的影响。确定了高强度D型石墨铸铁的最佳成分范围。     

铸铁气蚀破坏机制

从铸铁基体组织，石墨形态，合金元素等方面探讨铸铁气蚀性能的影响因素，分析空化的力学冲击作用与气蚀时的材料受力情况，研究铸铁气蚀裂纹核的形成与扩展乃至导致铸铁气蚀破坏的过程，剖析球墨铸铁的气蚀特点。     

石墨的存在形态对铸铁性能的影响

介绍铸铁的发展及应用。主要对石墨的存在形态（形状、数量、大小及分布）及其对铸铁性能的影响进行了阐述。     

Ca-Ni-Ti-Bi多元微合金化铸铁同质气焊丝的焊接性能研究

采用多元微合金化铸铁同质气焊丝对HT250铸铁板材进行了气焊研究，测试和分析了焊接接头的硬度、抗裂性和机械加工性能。研究结果表明：接头颜色和硬度与母材一致，焊缝组织为珠光体加小团状石墨，抗裂性能良好，机械加工性能优良。     

一种梯度功能材质缸套的研究

本文开发了一种石墨梯度分布的贝氏体铸铁缸套,首先,通过水冷金属型离心铸造法生产该铸铁缸套毛坯,其次,将毛坯经粗加工后的半成品进行等温淬火处理,最后,再精加工获得外壁由球状石墨,内壁由蠕虫状石墨,基体组织由针状铁素体和残余奥氏体组成的铸铁缸套;该石墨梯度分布的贝氏体铸铁缸套内壁具有良好的热传导性、耐磨性、耐热疲劳性,外壁具有良好的抗穴蚀性,即其为一种自生的梯度功能铸铁材质,非常适合新一代发动机对缸套性能的要求。     

铜镍合金铸铁的组织和耐碱腐蚀性能

设计了不同成分的铜镍合金铸铁,并用静态失重法测定其在室温浓碱液中的腐蚀速率,借助光学显微镜和X射线衍射仪分析了显微组织和相组成。结果表明:随着铜含量的增加,铜镍合金铸铁初生石墨周围的小片状石墨细化显著,而初生石墨先是细化,后又粗化并且数量增多;当铜超过一定含量时,合金铸铁中析出铜化合物或游离铜,并且这些新相成为活性阴极相,降低合金铸铁的耐碱腐蚀性能。在室温浓碱液的静态腐蚀条件下,铜质量分数为4.5%的铜镍合金铸铁耐腐蚀性能相对较好。     

蠕墨铸铁中球状石墨的影响及控制

蠕墨铸铁中石墨形态介于片状和球状之间，故其力学性能介于扶铸铁和球墨铸铁之间，优于灰铸铁，而次于球墨铸铁。热传导性也介于灰铸铁和球墨铸铁之间，但次于灰铸铁，优于球墨铸铁。用蠕化剂生产蠕墨铸铁时，有部分球状石墨仔在，这就提高了力学性能，但降低了热传导性。俺用蠕墨铸铁，如需良好的力学和热传导性能时，则应控制球状石墨数量。本文扼要叙述这方面的一些数据和生产技术问题。     

如何面对铸铁中干扰元素的影响（上）

本文所述的“干扰元素”是对厌铸铁和球墨铸铁的性能有负面影响而言的,不一定都是通常所谓的有害元素,其中有的在钢材中是重要的合金元素,有的对于某些合金铸铁也是必不可少的。干扰元素的来源有二个方面：     

蠕墨铸铁石墨状态分布规律及其铸件检验方法的讨论

本文从蠕墨铸铁力学试样的力学性能，金相分析着手，结合其化学成份，以统计学的规律研究它们之间的关系，特别是石墨状态的分析和归纳，对蠕墨铸铁的检验方法作最相应的探讨。     

石墨型铸铁用系列冒口

冒口设计是铸造工艺设计的重要环节。为简化铸造工艺设计,促进新型冒口的推广应用,我们编制了适用于石墨型铸铁(灰铁、球铁)的新型冒口的类型及尺寸系列表。给出了冒口类型、尺寸、数量和位置等选用确定原则,使新型冒口设计手册化。     

铈、硫在工业铸铁中的分布及其交互作用

本文采用电解相分离—放射性测量及显微自射线照相法,研究了球化元素铈及反球化元素硫在工业铸铁各相中的分布。结果表明：铈在石墨中富集;铸铁中铈含量的增加,使铸铁中的含硫量及石墨中的硫含量均下降,后者下降速度更快;发现即使球使石墨,其中仍有一定的含硫量;铈与硫彼此均阻碍对方在石墨中吸附;石墨中铈可能在晶体缺陷中吸附,而硫则以间隙固溶形式在石墨中固溶;硫的固溶量很低,硫主要以MnS形式存在,微量硫的存在有利于蠕墨铸铁的获得。     

蠕墨铸铁闸瓦材料组织性能研究

利用冲天炉铁水,通过包底孕育蠕化处理,成功地浇铸出蠕墨铸铁材料。金相观察表明：用2．0％稀土钙铝硅铁合金及2．0％稀土镁铝锌硅铁含金蠕化处理的铸铁,其石墨呈细小、均匀分布的蠕虫状。蠕墨铸铁冲击断口显示,基体发生了较大的塑性变形,且具有较高的冲击功。用蠕墨铸铁制成的机车闸瓦具有比普通灰铸铁闸瓦高得多的压断强度,是制造机车闸瓦的理想材料,值得推广应用。     

Effect of structural features on erosion resistance of cast irons

Erosion resistance of four types of cast iron of different microstructures and graphite morphologies (viz., grey cast iron, compacted graphite iron, spheroidal graphite iron and austempered ductile iron) was evaluated in three different erosive media. Results indicate that austempered ductile iron has the highest erosion resistance in all three media, followed by spheroidal graphite iron, compacted graphite iron and grey cast iron, in that order. Graphite morphology has a significant effect on the erosion resistance of these irons in quartz-water and iron oxide-oil slurry. However, the matrix microstructure determines the erosion resistance of these irons in quartz-oil slurry. The parameter H/E (which is the ratio of the Brinell hardness number to Young's modulus of the material) has been found to be a good indicator of erosive wear in quartz-oil slurry.     

PCBN刀具切削铸铁材料的研究进展

对PCBN刀具切削灰铸铁、球墨铸铁及蠕墨铸铁的研究进行了回顾和总结 ,并建议国内加强对PCBN刀具切削灰铸铁和蠕墨铸铁的研究     

The effect of cast iron graphites on friction and wear performance I: Graphite film formation on grey cast iron surfaces

Cast iron is assessed as a self-lubricating metal-base composite material. The formation of cast iron graphite films and the effective surface treatment of grey cast iron are discussed. It was found that the friction and wear behaviour of cast iron are influenced by the formation of a graphite surface layer. When cast iron surfaces are etched with Nital, they are found to be covered with a graphite film during the sliding friction process. This contributes to the protection of metallic contact points. The formation of graphite films during testing is assumed to be due to the non-elastic deformation of surface graphite. The effects of applied load, sliding velocity and lubricant are also discussed. The coefficient of friction increases with applied load and sliding velocity, and therefore lubrication becomes more important. These phenomena are discussed in terms of the formation of graphite films during the friction process.     

Comparative research on wear characteristics of spheroidal graphite cast iron and carbon steel

Wear characteristics of a spheroidal graphite cast iron and a carbon steel were studied under atmospheric conditions at 25–400 °C. The spheroidal graphite cast iron presented obviously different wear behaviors from the carbon steel, which may be attributed to the presence of graphite. With an increase of ambient temperature, tribo-oxides of carbon steel substantially increased and its substrate softened, thus severe wear, oxidative mild wear, oxidative wear and extrusive wear took turns to prevail. However, compared with carbon steel in the same case, tribo-oxides were markedly reduced in the spheroidal graphite cast iron, thus oxidative mild wear and oxidative wear did not appear due to the lack of oxides. It is suggested that less tribo-oxides in the spheroidal graphite cast iron may be attributed to the reduction of graphite to tribo-oxides during sliding.     

铸铁凝固期间电阻率的变化

作者们通过测量变压器式传感器中一次线圈内电流随时间的变化,研究了亚共晶白口铁、灰铸铁和稀土镁铸铁凝固期间电阻率的变化。发现,随着凝固行径和凝固过程中析出相的结晶构造不同,各种铸铁的电阻率变化特点也有很大差别。奥氏体和球状石墨的析出会造成试样电阻的降低或传播器一次线圈电流的升高,而莱氏体和片状石墨则引起相反的变化,在铸铁内所有的相和组成物中,石墨是决定电阻率变化的主要因素。作者们深信,本文所报导的实验结果有助于铸铁凝固机理的研究和生产过程的控制。     

回归分析在活塞环石墨球径控制上的应用

根据对球墨铸铁活塞环碳硅当量CE值与球状石墨大小的数据分析,建立以球墨铸铁活塞环CE值为自变量、球径大小为因变量之间的回归模型,得到回归方程。采用最小二乘法解出回归参数,并检验线性关系的显著性,最后实现对被解释变量球径大小的区间进行预测,以及通过控制碳硅当量来得到要求的球径大小。     

球墨铸铁断裂韧度的可靠性分析

通常球墨铸铁与其他铸铁材料一样被认为属于脆性材料，断裂韧度应该用线弹性力学理论进行研究。本文发现由于球墨铸铁中的石墨呈球状，当裂纹通过石墨时，裂纹扩展机理将发生相应的变化，结果显示用弹一塑性理论来研究球墨铸铁的断裂韧度是适应和有效的。对可靠度为95％球墨铸铁断裂韧度的区间估计进行分析，以便对工程中的断裂韧度提供相关的数据。     

The effect of cast iron graphites on friction and wear performance: II: Variables influencing graphite film formation

Cast iron may be classed as a self-lubricating metal-base composite material. The cast iron graphites have an excellent lubricity which is similar to that of a solid lubricant and contributes to the decreases in the wear loss and the friction coefficient. Factors affecting graphite film formation are discussed. The coefficient of friction increases with substrate hardness because graphite film formation is influenced by the relative difficulty of substrate deformation. Although adhesive wear and the friction coefficient increase with decreasing air pressure, the cast iron graphites contribute to the decrease in wear rate in the region of 10^?2 Torr. Water vapour pressure has a direct effect on film formation and film hardening, particularly above 16 Torr. The lubricity of cast iron graphites was confirmed at temperatures below 100°C. The friction coefficient increases with the temperature rise owing to hardening of the graphite film. The effect of cast iron graphites on rolling wear resistance is discussed.