142例农村艾滋病病毒感染者/艾滋病患者免费抗病毒治疗效果及生存分析

目的 了解艾滋病病毒感染者/艾滋病患者(HIV/AIDS)接受国家免费抗病毒治疗后的依从性、免疫学变化和生存情况.方法 选择闻喜县2004年7月1日至2006年底所有纳入免费抗病毒治疗项目,且年满18周岁的HIV/AIDS纳入研究分析,所有患者在治疗前和治疗后的第0.5、1、2、3、6、9……个月均接受相关流行病学调查和实验室检查,监测服药依从性、CD4+T淋巴细胞计数变化和生存情况等.结果 病例平均随访时间为16.5个月[四分位距(IQR):15.5～20.8个月].经抗病毒治疗前,病例CD4+T淋巴细胞计数中位数值为154个/μl[四分位距(IQR):81～212个/μl];治疗后,CD4+T淋巴细胞计数均不同程度升高,治疗初3个月增长幅度最大,从基线水平的154个/μl上升到220个/μl(P<0.001),随后增长减缓,保持在相对稳定水平.相比基线CO4+T淋巴细胞计数≥100个/μl的病例,<100个/μl的病例治疗初3个月该细胞计数增长幅度更大.病例治疗后第3、12、24个月累计生存率分别为0.94、0.88和0.87,应用Cox比例风险回归模型做多因素分析发现,控制初始治疗方案(NVP组和EFV/IDV组)变量后,与基线CD4+T淋巴细胞计数<50个/μl比较,≥50个/μl的病例存活时间更长,死亡危险比(HR)为0.21(95%CI:0.06～0.68).结论 抗病毒治疗对HIV/AIDS具有较好的免疫学治疗效果;患者治疗后生存时间与基线CD4+T淋巴细胞计数水平密切相关.     

50岁及以上HIV感染/AIDS患者抗病毒治疗后CD4细胞动态变化及影响因素

目的 探讨常德市≥50岁人类免疫缺陷病毒感染/艾滋病(HIV感染/AIDS)患者接受国家免费艾滋病抗病毒治疗(ART)60个月内,CD4细胞的动态变化情况及影响因素.方法 选取常德市2005年1月1日—2017年12月31日已确诊登记在册的≥50岁HIV感染/AIDS病例,收集治疗前和治疗后3、6、12、24、36、4...     

Immunogenicity and safety of a pediatric dose virosomal hepatitis A vaccine in Thai HIV-infected children

The immunogenicity and safety of a pediatric dose of a virosomal hepatitis A vaccine (Epaxal?) was evaluated in a group of 45 Thai children with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, age 2-16 years. Vaccines were administered at 0 and 6 months. Anti-HAV antibody titers were measured at baseline (before injection) 1 and 7 months after primary vaccination. The prevalence of HAV protective antibody in 45 Thai HIV-infected children was 13.6%. The seroprotection rate was 71% at 1 month and 100% at 7 months. The booster dose increased geometric mean concentration (GMC) from 106.5 mIU/ml to 3486.1 mIU/ml. Higher CD4 lymphocyte counts at enrollment was a predictive factor for HAV antibody response. Both doses of Epaxal? were well tolerated. These preliminary data suggest that a pediatric dose of Epaxal? is an effective hepatitis A vaccine for HIV-infected children and should be considered for implementation on a larger scale in the pediatric HIV population.     

Immunogenicity and safety of monovalent influenza A (H1N1) 2009 in HIV-infected Thai children

To evaluate the immunogenicity and safety of the monovalent pandemic influenza A (H1N1) 2009 (pH1N1) vaccine in HIV-infected Thai children, 2 doses, 28 days apart, of non-adjuvant monovalent pH1N1 vaccine (Panenza^® by Sanofi Pasteur, 15 μg/dose) provided by the National Health Promotion Program of the Thai Ministry of Public Health were given to HIV-infected children. Immunogenicity was measured by hemagglutination inhibition test (HAI) using two antigens, pH1N1 (A/Thailand/104/09) and seasonal influenza A H1N1 (A/Brisbane/59/07-like), at baseline, and 28 days after each dose. Serologic response was defined as four-fold rising of HAI titer or HAI titer ≥1:40 for those with baseline titer ≤1:10. Adverse events were recorded for 7 days after each vaccination. Of the 119 HIV-infected children enrolled, 60 (50.4%) were female with a median (IQR) age of 10.4 (7.2-13.7) years. All but 2 (98.3%) children were receiving antiretroviral therapy. At baseline, the median CD4 cell count was 782 (570-1149) cells/mm³, 91 (80.5%) children had HIV RNA level <40 copies/ml. The baseline HAI titer ≥1:40 for pH1N1 and seasonal H1N1 were 45.4%, and 39.5%, respectively. At 28 days after doses 1 and 2, the serologic response rates for pH1N1 were 54.2% and 67.8% with the geometric mean titer of 109.9 and 141.8; and serologic response rate when tested with seasonal H1N1 were 2.5% and 3.5%, respectively. The presence of baseline HAI titer for pH1N1 or seasonal H1N1 was found to be associated with serologic response. The vaccine was well tolerated. The results suggested that monovalent pH1N1 vaccine was immunogenic and safe in well controlled HIV-infected children with low level of cross reacting antibody to seasonal H1N1.     

伊宁市成人HIV/AIDS患者抗病毒治疗效果及影响因素分析

目的 了解伊宁市成人艾滋病病毒感染者/艾滋病患者（human immunodeficiency virus infection and acquired immune deficiency syndrome,HIV/AIDS）抗病毒治疗效果并分析其影响因素。方法 在国家艾滋病抗病毒治疗数据库中收集2005-2015年抗病毒治疗者的治疗信息;采用回顾性研究和Logistic回归方法进行分析。结果 共3 740例艾滋病抗病毒治疗者纳入研究,异性感染和吸毒感染分别占46.3%和32.0%,基线CD4+T淋巴细胞计数为278（170,395）个/μl。治疗满6、12、24、36、60个月时病毒抑制率分别为70.4%（1 568/2 228）、64.4%（1 695/2 631）、66.3%（1 590/2 400）、70.1%（1 345/1 919）和73.6%（550/747）,治疗满12个月的病毒抑制率低于其他时间（均有P<0.05）。多因素分析显示药物漏服在治疗满12、36和60个月均为病毒抑制失败的危险因素,调整比值比（AOR）（95%CI）分别为3.581（2.943～4.357）、2.496（1.957～3.182）和3.137（1.969～4.998）;在治疗满12个月时,吸毒感染（AOR=1.544,95%CI:1.164～2.048）和基线CD4+T淋巴细胞计数（个/μL）<200（AOR=1.371,95%CI:1.086～1.731）是病毒抑制失败的危险因素。结论 伊宁市抗病毒治疗病毒抑制失败率较高,药物漏服是病毒抑制失败的主要危险因素,需加强吸毒感染及晚期治疗患者的依从性教育和服药指导,提高乡镇级卫生院的诊疗水平,进一步提高治疗效果。     

Effect of oral iodized oil on thyroid size and thyroid hormone metabolism in children with concurrent selenium and iodine deficiency

OBJECTIVES: To determine the efficacy of oral iodized oil in goitrous children who are both selenium (Se) and iodine deficient; to investigate if Se status modifies the response of iodine deficient, goitrous children to oral supplementation with iodized oil. DESIGN: A longitudinal intervention trial. SETTING: Two rural villages in the western C?te d'Ivoire. SUBJECTS: 51 goitrous non-anemic schoolchildren with both iodine and Se deficiency. INTERVENTION: Each child received an oral dose of 0.4 ml iodized poppyseed oil containing 200 mg of iodine. They were followed for 1 y with measurements of urinary iodine (UI), thyrotropin (TSH), thyroxine (T4), and thyroid volume by ultrasound. RESULTS: At baseline all children were goitrous and Se deficient; median UI was 29 microg/l and mean serum Se (s.d.) was 14.8 (10.7) microg/l. After receiving iodized oil, thyroid volume decreased significantly vs baseline at 10, 15, 30 and 50 weeks (P<0.001). At 50 weeks mean percentage change in thyroid volume from baseline was-46.6% and only five children remained goitrous. Median TSH values at 5, 10, 15, 30 and 50 weeks were reduced significantly (P<0.001) compared to baseline. Among individual children the severity of Se deficiency predicted the degree of response to iodized oil. Baseline serum Se and percentage change in thyroid volume from baseline at 50 weeks were strongly correlated (r2=0.554). Baseline Se and percentage decrease in TSH from baseline at 30 weeks were also well-correlated (r2=0.467). CONCLUSION: Although more severe Se deficiency partially blunts the thyroid response to iodine supplementation, oral iodized oil is an effective method for iodine repletion in goitrous children who are Se deficient. SPONSORSHIP: The Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zürich, the Foundation for Micronutrients in Medicine, Rapperswil, Switzerland, and the Thrasher Research Fund, Salt Lake City, USA.     

浙江省台州市未接受抗病毒治疗HIV感染者CD4^＋T淋巴细胞计数自然变化研究

目的探讨浙江省台州市未接受抗病毒治疗的HIV感染者CD4＋T淋巴细胞计数自然变化速率及相关影响因素。方法对1996-2011年台州市报告发现的无抗病毒治疗史或接受抗病毒治疗前至少有过两次CD4＋T淋巴细胞计数检测的HIV感染者进行回顾性队列研究,描述CD4＋T淋巴细胞计数自然变化速率,并运用Lo-gistic回归分析其影响因素。结果共纳入研究对象412例,CD4＋T淋巴细胞计数月均自然变化速率中位数M=-2.9（IQR：-9.7～1.6）;286例（69.4%）HIV感染者末次CD4＋T淋巴细胞计数结果低于首次;130例（31.6%）HIV感染者末次CD4＋T淋巴细胞计数较首次水平下降≥30%,即显著下降。Logistic多因素回归分析显示,HIV感染者CD4＋T淋巴细胞计数显著下降与年龄、职业、首次CD4＋T淋巴细胞计数水平及首末次检测时间间隔存在关联。结论浙江省台州市HIV感染者CD4＋T淋巴细胞计数自然变化总体平缓,但部分感染者CD4＋T淋巴细胞计数快速下降且与多种因素有关。应定期随访检测HIV感染者CD4＋T淋巴细胞计数水平,密切观察变化速率,以评估其病情进展并适时启动抗病毒治疗。     

The immunogenicity and safety of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in human immunodeficiency virus-infected Thai children

Background

HIV-infected children have high risk of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) despite receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). This study aimed to determine the immunogenicity and safety of a 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV-7) in Thai HIV-infected children compared to HIV-exposed uninfected children.

Methods

A prospective study was conducted among children 2 months to 9 years. The number of PCV-7 doses depended upon age and HIV status; 2-6 months of age: 3 doses; 7-23 months of age: 2 doses; HIV-infected child ≥24 months: 2 doses and HIV-exposed child ≥24 months: 1 dose. Serotype-specific pneumococcal IgG antibody concentrations were measured at baseline and 28 days after complete vaccination. The primary end point was the proportion of children who achieved serotype-specific IgG antibody concentration at a cut off level ≥0.35 μg/mL. Secondary end points were a 4-fold increase in serotype-specific IgG antibody, rates of adverse events and predictors for seroconversion among HIV-infected children.

Results

Fifty-nine HIV-infected and 30 HIV-exposed children were enrolled. The median (IQR) age was 97 (67-111) and 61 months (51-73), respectively (p < 0.001). Among HIV-infected children, current and nadir CD4 counts were 1079 cell/mm³ and 461 cell/mm³, respectively. The proportion of children who achieved pneumococcal IgG ≥0.35 μg/mL was in the range of 85-98% in HIV-infected and 83-100% in HIV-exposed children depending on serotype. The lowest response was to serotype 6B in both groups. The 4-fold increase in serotype-specific IgG concentrations was similar between HIV-infected and HIV-exposed groups, except for serotype 9V (p = 0.027). HIV-infected children who had a history of AIDS had a lower antibody response to serotype 23F (p = 0.025). Seven (12%) HIV-infected children had a grade 3 local reaction.

Conclusion

PCV-7 is highly immunogenic and safe among HIV-infected children treated with HAART. The use of the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine among HIV-infected children is encouraged in order to prevent IPD.     

Timing of antiretroviral therapy in Cambodian hospital after diagnosis of tuberculosis: impact of revised WHO guidelines

Objective

To determine if implementation of 2010 World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines on antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation reduced delay from tuberculosis diagnosis to initiation of ART in a Cambodian urban hospital.

Methods

A retrospective cohort study was conducted in a nongovernmental hospital in Phnom Penh that followed new WHO guidelines in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and tuberculosis. All ART-naïve, HIV-positive patients initiated on antituberculosis treatment over the 18 months before and after guideline implementation were included. A competing risk regression model was used.

Findings

After implementation of the 2010 WHO guidelines, 190 HIV-positive patients with tuberculosis were identified: 53% males; median age, 38 years; median baseline CD4+ T-lymphocyte (CD4+ cell) count, 43 cells/µL. Before implementation, 262 patients were identified; 56% males; median age, 36 years; median baseline CD4+ cell count, 59 cells/µL. With baseline CD4+ cell counts ≤ 50 cells/µL, median delay to ART declined from 5.8 weeks (interquartile range, IQR: 3.7–9.0) before to 3.0 weeks (IQR: 2.1–4.4) after implementation (P < 0.001); with baseline CD4+ cell counts > 50 cells/µL, delay dropped from 7.0 (IQR: 5.3–11.3) to 3.6 (IQR: 2.9–5.3) weeks (P < 0.001). The probability of ART initiation within 4 and 8 weeks after tuberculosis diagnosis rose from 23% and 65%, respectively, before implementation, to 62% and 90% after implementation. A non-significant increase in 6-month retention and antiretroviral substitution was seen after implementation.

Conclusion

Implementation of 2010 WHO recommendations in a routine clinical setting shortens delay to ART. Larger studies with longer follow-up are needed to assess impact on patient outcomes.     

A comparative study of the serological response to Japanese encephalitis vaccine in HIV-infected and uninfected Thai children

We report a prospective study of mouse brain derived inactivated Japanese encephalitis (JE) vaccine, given in 3-dose EPI program to human immune deficiency virus (HIV)-exposed Thai infants. 18 HIV-infected receiving antiretroviral therapy with median baseline CD4 of 33.1%, and 92 HIV-uninfected children were studied. All but one HIV-infected child seroconverted after the second dose. The geometric mean titers (GMTs) 3 months after the second and third doses in HIV-infected vs HIV-uninfected children were 247 vs 938 (p = 0.022), and 2273 vs 24069 (p = 0.009), respectively. Urticaria or angioedema found in 4% and 6% in HIV-infected and -uninfected children, respectively (p = 1.0). The vaccine was safe and immunogenic but antibody response in HIV-infected children was not as high as in uninfected children.     

Predictors of immune recovery and the association with late mortality while on antiretroviral treatment in Cambodia

The objectives of this study were to examine the association of the on-treatment CD4 cell count with late mortality (after >6 months of antiretroviral treatment [ART]) and to identify the determinants of the long-term CD4 cell count evolution after treatment initiation. We conducted a retrospective analysis including all antiretroviral (ARV)-naïve adults initiating ART in a tertiary hospital in Phnom Penh, Cambodia from 2003-2010. We used Cox proportional hazards modelling (mortality analysis), including time-updated CD4 counts, and mixed-effects modelling (CD4 response over time). Overall, 2840 patients were included (47% male, median age: 34 years, median baseline CD4 count: 78 cells/μL). The median time on ART was 2.5 years (IQR 1.1-4.3); 71 patients died after >6 months of ART. The baseline CD4 count was the main determinant of the on-treatment CD4 cell count. Time-updated CD4 cell counts was the strongest determinant of late mortality with a HR of 0.32 (95% CI 0.16-0.63) and 0.29 (95% CI 0.11-0.71) for CD4 values of 200-350 cells/μL and 350-500 cells/μL respectively. We conclude that baseline CD4 counts strongly determine the long-term immune recovery, which critically affects late mortality. This calls for increased efforts for early ART initiation and availability of CD4 count testing in low-income countries.     

HIV/AIDS抗病毒治疗前CD4+T淋巴细胞计数自然变化与治疗后免疫恢复及死亡率的相关性

目的 探讨云南省玉溪市艾滋病病毒感染者/艾滋病病人（human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome,HIV/AIDS）获得抗病毒治疗（antiretroviral therapy,ART）前CD4+T淋巴细胞（简称CD4）自然变化与ART后免疫恢复及死亡率的相关性。方法 将HIV/AIDS获得ART前CD4自然变化分为四组,描述不同组间ART后免疫恢复情况,应用非条件Logistic回归进行单因素和多因素分析HIV/AIDS病例ART后免疫无应答（immune non-responses,INRs）的相关因素,采用Kaplan-Meier法绘制不同组间ART后生存曲线。结果 777例HIV/AIDS中ART前快速上升组、平缓上升组ART后CD4月均上升速率慢于ART前快速下降组,差异均具有统计学意义（均有P<0.05）。多因素Logistic回归分析发现:ART前CD4自然变化为上升（OR=2.416,95%CI:1.264~4.616,P=0.008;OR=1.997,95%CI:1.067~3.737,P=0.031）、基线CD4值>500 cell/μL（OR=6.550,95%CI:3.315~12.941,P<0.001）、ART时年龄≥ 50岁（OR=4.276,95%CI:1.761~10.3865,P=0.001）的病例ART后更容易出现INRs。ART前平缓上升组ART后累计生存率低于ART前平缓下降组和快速下降组（χ2=8.979,P=0.003;χ2=4.158,P=0.041）,在基线CD4值<200 cell/μl层,ART前平缓上升组在ART后累计生存率低于ART前平缓下降组和ART前快速下降组,差异均有统计学意义（均有P<0.05）。结论 HIV/AIDS患者ART前CD4自然变化与ART后免疫恢复、INRs及死亡率存在一定关联。     

New indicators for delay in initiation of antiretroviral treatment: estimates for Cameroon

Objective

To propose two new indicators for monitoring access to antiretroviral treatment (ART) for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV); (i) the time from HIV seroconversion to ART initiation, and (ii) the time from ART eligibility to initiation, referred to as delay in ART initiation. To estimate values of these indicators in Cameroon.

Methods

We used linear regression to model the natural decline in CD4+ T-lymphocyte (CD4+ cell) numbers in HIV-infected individuals over time. The model was fitted using data from a cohort of 351 people in Côte d’Ivoire. We used the model to estimate the time from seroconversion to ART initiation and the delay in ART initiation in a representative sample of 4154 HIV-infected people who started ART in Cameroon between 2007 and 2010.

Findings

In Cameroon, the median CD4+ cell counts at ART initiation increased from 140 cells/μl (interquartile range, IQR: 66 to 210) in 2007–2009 to 163 cells/μl (IQR: 73 to 260) in 2010. The estimated average time from seroconversion to ART initiation decreased from 10.4 years (95% confidence interval, CI: 10.3 to 10.5) to 9.8 years (95% CI: 9.6 to 10.0). Delay in ART initiation increased from 3.4 years (95% CI: 3.1 to 3.7) to 5.8 years (95% CI: 5.6 to 6.2).

Conclusion

The estimated time to initiate ART and the delay in ART initiation indicate that progress in Cameroon is insufficient. These indicators should help monitor whether public health interventions to accelerate ART initiation are successful.     

云南省德宏州无抗病毒治疗史的HIV感染者CD4+T淋巴细胞计数自然变化及其影响因素

目的 探讨云南省德宏州HIV感染者在无抗病毒治疗干预下的CD4+T淋巴细胞计数自然变化情况及其影响因素。方法对1989-2010年5月间德宏州报告的当地户籍、无抗病毒治疗史或抗病毒治疗前先后至少接受过2次CD4+T淋巴细胞计数检测的HIV感染者进行回顾性队列研究,描述并比较其末次与首次CD4+T淋巴细胞计数自然变化速率,运用logistic回归分析CD4+T淋巴细胞计数生物学意义显著下降的影响因素。结果共纳入研究对象4487例,CD4+T淋巴细胞计数月均自然变化速率中位数为-2.0 cell/μl(IQR：-8.2～3.6),并与HIV感染者的人口学特征、感染途径、首次CD4+T淋巴细胞计数、首末次检测间隔等因素有显著关联。约60.0％(2693例)研究对象末次CD4+T淋巴细胞计数低于首次,表现为自然下降。约31.2％( 1400例)研究对象末次CD4+T淋巴细胞计数较首次下降幅度在30％以上,表现为显著下降。Logistic多因素回归分析显示：在控制潜在混杂因素的影响后,HIV感染者CD4+T淋巴细胞计数显著下降与年龄、民族、婚姻状况、感染途径、首次CD4+T淋巴细胞计数水平、首末次CD4+T淋巴细胞计数检测间隔存在统计学关联。结论云南省德宏州HIV感染者CD4+T淋巴细胞计数自然变化总体平缓,但仍有相当部分HIV感染者CD4+T淋巴细胞计数下降显著且与多种因素有关。有必要加强对HIV感染者的定期随访和CD4+T淋巴细胞计数检测以掌握其病情进展状态,适时启动抗病毒治疗。     

Immunogenicity and safety of yellow fever vaccine among 115 HIV-infected patients after a preventive immunisation campaign in Mali

The immune response to yellow fever (YF) vaccine and its safety among HIV-infected individuals living in YF endemic areas is not well understood. Following a national YF preventive immunisation campaign in Mali in April 2008, we assessed the immunogenicity and safety of 17D yellow fever vaccine (17DV) among HIV-infected patients in two HIV treatment centres in Bamako, Mali, by testing for neutralising antibodies and identifying serious adverse events following immunisation (AEFI). A YF neutralisation titre (NT) of 1:≥20 was considered to be adequate and protective. A serious AEFI included hospitalisation, any life-threatening condition, or death, occurring within 30 days following 17DV administration. Of 115 HIV-infected patients who reported having received 17DV, 110 (96%) were on combination antiretroviral therapy and 83 patients were tested for neutralising antibodies. Around the time of vaccination, median CD4 cell count was 389 cells/mm(3) (IQR 227-511cells/mm(3)); HIV-RNA was undetectable in 24 of 46 patients tested. Seventy-six (92%) of 83 participants had adequate immune titres 9 months after the immunisation campaign. Previous vaccination or flavivirus exposure could contribute to this finding. No serious AEFI was found in the 115 participants. In this small series, YF vaccine appeared to be immunogenic with a favourable safety profile in HIV-infected patients on antiretroviral therapy. Higher CD4 cell counts and suppressed HIV-RNA were associated with the presence of an adequate immune titre and higher NTs.     

Poor zinc status is associated with increased risk of insulin resistance in Spanish children

Zn plays a key role in the synthesis and action of insulin. The aim of the present work was to determine whether a poorer Zn status was associated with insulin resistance in a group of 357 Spanish schoolchildren. Zn intake was determined by using a 3?d food record (i.e. Sunday to Tuesday). The body weight, height and waist and hip circumferences of all subjects were recorded and fasting plasma glucose, insulin and Zn concentrations were determined. Insulin resistance was determined using the homoeostasis model assessment (HOMA) marker. Children (11·5?%) with Zn deficiency (serum Zn concentration 3·16 made a significantly smaller contribution to the coverage of those recommended (59·7 (sd 14·7)?%) than observed in children with lower HOMA values (73·6 (sd 18·2)?%; P?相似文献   

艾滋病患者外周血中CD4、CD8T细胞数及血清中Zn、Se含量的变化

目的　测定艾滋病患者 (感染者 )外周血中 CD4、CD8和微量元素锌 (Zn)、硒 (Se)含量。　方法　应用流式细胞术检测 CD4、CD8,用光谱法测定 Zn、Se。　结果　 AIDS患者 CD4、CD4/ CD8、Zn、Se水平显著低于正常对照组 (P<0 .0 1) ;而 CD8则高于正常对照组 (P<0 .0 1)。　结论　 CD4、CD8、Zn、Se含量水平在 AIDS患者病情观察、诊断治疗中可能起着一定的作用     

Lost opportunities to complete CD4+ lymphocyte testing among patients who tested positive for HIV in South Africa

Objective

To estimate rates of completion of CD4+ lymphocyte testing (CD4 testing) within 12 weeks of testing positive for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) at a large HIV/AIDS clinic in South Africa, and to identify clinical and demographic predictors for completion.

Methods

In our study, CD4 testing was considered complete once a patient had retrieved the test results. To determine the rate of CD4 testing completion, we reviewed the records of all clinic patients who tested positive for HIV between January 2008 and February 2009. We identified predictors for completion through multivariate logistic regression.

Findings

Of the 416 patients who tested positive for HIV, 84.6% initiated CD4 testing within the study timeframe. Of these patients, 54.3% were immediately eligible for antiretroviral therapy (ART) because of a CD4 cell count ≤ 200/µl, but only 51.3% of the patients in this category completed CD4 testing within 12 weeks of HIV testing. Among those not immediately eligible for ART (CD4 cells > 200/µl), only 14.9% completed CD4 testing within 12 weeks. Overall, of HIV+ patients who initiated CD4 testing, 65% did not complete it within 12 weeks of diagnosis. The higher the baseline CD4 cell count, the lower the odds of completing CD4 testing within 12 weeks.

Conclusion

Patient losses between HIV testing, baseline CD4 cell count and the start of care and ART are high. As a result, many patients receive ART too late. Health information systems that link testing programmes with care and treatment programmes are needed.     

河南省2005-2008年艾滋病抗病毒治疗评估:患者CD4+T淋巴细胞计数和病毒载量分析

目的 为评估和预测河南省艾滋病抗病毒治疗状况,分析患者CD4+T淋巴细胞和病毒载量.方法 通过"河南省艾滋病检测实验室网络数据库"收集河南省艾滋病人群2009年CD4+T淋巴细胞计数和病毒载量检测结果及相关信息.对其中未治疗和2005-2008年加入一线抗病毒治疗人群(＞13岁)的检测结果构成比进行横断面研究.结果 在2009年上、下半年河南省未治疗的艾滋病人群中,CD4+T淋巴细胞检测＜200个/μl者均＞20%(χ2=2.059,P=0.151),200～350个/μl者的构成比则由上半年27.61%上升到下半年的29.41%(χ2=4.636,P=0.031),＞350个/μl者的构成比从上半年51.49%下降到下半年的48.60%(χ2=9.767,P=0.002).在未治疗的艾滋病人群中,病毒载量＞10 000 copy/ml和＞30 000 copy/ml者所占百分比分别为34.53%和19.65%.2005-2008年间加入一线抗病毒治疗的艾滋病人群中,治疗时间越长,CD4+T淋巴细胞＞350个/μl者的构成比越高(χ2=148.689,P＜0.001),＜200个/μl者的构成比则越低(χ2=46.686,P＜0.001);同时,病毒载量＜500 copy/ml者的构成比越低(χ2=9.066,P=0.003),＞10 000 copy/ml者的构成比则越高(χ2=6.597,P=0.010).结论 河南省多年来进行的艾滋病一线抗病毒治疗疗效显著,但随着治疗时间的增加,治疗失败的风险也逐渐加大,应及时进行耐药监测,更换治疗方案.同时应加强未治疗人群的检测,加大抗病毒治疗的投入并扩大纳入治疗的范围.