不同采集期艾叶正构烷烃成分和含量分析

为从6种不同采集期的艾叶中提取正构烷烃,并比较其成分和含量,寻找艾叶的最佳采收期,采用梯度溶剂萃取法提取了艾叶正构烷烃,用气相色谱-质谱法分析了其化学成分.结果表明:6种不同采集期艾叶的正构烷烃成分中含量最高的是C31,不同正构烷烃含量呈明显的奇偶优势分布,3号和4号长链正构烷烃含量较高.故6月上旬为艾叶的最佳采收期.     

拟南芥雄性不育突变体opw(only pollen wall)候选突变基因的克隆

在T-DNA插入突变体Salk_059463株系的群体中,筛选到两株雄性不育突变体,对TDNA序列上的一对引物进行PCR鉴定,结果表明:其基因组中没有T-DNA插入.遗传分析表明这两株雄性不育突变体由同一单个隐性基因控制,引起不育的主要原因是从花药发育的第8期开始,小孢子细胞质内容物逐渐减少直至消失,到花药发育的第12期,药室内的小孢子只剩下一个花粉壁空壳,故该突变体命名为opw(only pollen wall).利用图位克隆的方法对OPW基因进行了定位,结果表明OPW基因位于第二条染色体上分子标记T28M21和T3G21之间的12 kb区间内,该区间内一共有21个基因注释.通过克隆区间内的基因并测序发现opw-1突变体基因组中At2g40140基因编码序列的外显子在第289和第290个碱基之间插入了一个A碱基,而opw-2突变体基因组中At2g40140基因编码序列的外显子在第412和第413个碱基之间插入了一个T碱基,造成的编码序列移码使第424至第426碱基成为终止密码子,故At2g40140是编码OPW的候选基因.     

Deep sea pollen record during 12－1.6 Ma from the southern South China Sea and its response to envi-ronmental change

Based on deep-sea pollen results (512-76 m) from ODP Site 1143 in the southern South China Sea (SCS),the climate and vegetation evolution sequence on the surrounding islands and the exposed continental shelf are discussed. The pollen records show that the pollen influx was quite low before 8.15 Ma and increased dramatically afterwards. The influx changes can be ascribed,on one side,to tectonics deformations around the southern SCS resulting in rapid uplift of islands and subsequent increase of the sediment rates and pollen influx and on the other side to climate cooling and monsoon enhancement. Around 2.63 Ma was another obvious boundary,the increasing of pollen and spores influx since this time was mainly related to global climate cooling. Spectrum analysis of pollen influx values shows that 2 Ma,0.67 Ma,and 0.19-0.17 Ma cycles existed during 12-3.0 Ma,while 0.1 Ma and 46.9 ka cycles existed during 3.0-2.0 Ma.     

Hydrogen isotopic compositions and their environmental significance for individual n-alkanes in typical plants from land in China

Hydrogen isotopes of n-alkanes in grasses, tree leaves and reeds from six regions with latitudes of 20° to 39°N in China are measured by GC-TC-IRMS analytical technique in order to understand their hydrogen isotopic compositions and environmental significance. The results show that a difference in ° D values (from −42.1‰ to −66.6‰) of n-alkanes exists among the same kinds of plants from various regions. Hydrogen isotopic compositions of most even carbon numbered n-alkanes in every plant are slightly heavier than that of the odd homologues. A trend toward D-enrichment with increasing chain length of n-alkanes in most plant samples is observed. Mean ° D values of n-alkanes in the studied plants range from −202.6‰ to −130.7‰ and the reed from a salt marsh has the largest value. The mean ° D values of individual n-alkanes among the same kinds of plants from various regions have the characteristics of leaf > reed > grass. The hydrogen isotopic compositions of n-alkanes are apparently distinct among various kinds of plants from the same region and the mean ° D values exhibit a distribution of tree leaf > reed > grass. It is observed that the mean ° D values of n-alkanes and ° D values of C₂₇ and C₂₉ n-alkanes in the grasses and tree leaves from these studied regions correlate clearly negatively with latitude and positively with temperature, indicating that these values can be used as excellent indicators of environment and climate. These results provide important basic data for understanding the distributional law of hydrogen isotopes of individual n-alkanes and their applied research. Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 40642007 and 40772069), National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2005CB422105) and Special Project for Winners of CAS President Award     

Characterstics of seasonal variations of leaf n-alkanes and n-alkenes in modern higher plants in Qingjiang, Hubei Province, China

On the basis of GC and GC-MS analyses, the seasonal variation of leaf lipids is observed in five plant species in Qingjiang in Hubei Province. The CPI values （carbon preference index） of n-alkanes decrease gradually from May to November, though the carbon number distributions and the predominant carbon number in an individual species keep unchanged. The declined CPI values might be caused by the leaf fading, which is further supported by a comparison of the defoliated leaves with the fresh leaves. This observation infers the CPI values of n-alkanes in Quaternary sediments can be used as a tool to index the humification, and thus the climatic and the environmental conditions. The plants analyzed here show a remarkable difference in n-alkanes abundance, suggesting their differential contribution to the n-alkanes identified in sediments. The abundance and the compound species of the n-alkenes detected in the plant leaves change greatly with the seasons due to the influence of temperature, with the least compounds being identified in August.     

中国海背肛虫属Notopygos(多毛纲,仙虫科)两新纪录种

记述了中国海背肛虫属Notopygos仙虫科Amphinomidae两新纪录种——厚唇背肛虫Notopygos labiatus McIntosh,1885和安氏背肛虫Notopygos andrewsi Monro,1924。前者在中越北部湾海洋综合调查(1959~1962年)时,采集于广西北部湾潮下带;后者在全国海洋综合调查(1958~1960年)时,采集于西沙群岛潮间带。标本均保存在中国科学院海洋研究所海洋生物标本馆。本文对两新种的外部形态特征进行了仔细观察并描记。     

小叶中国蕨中一种ent-贝壳杉烷型二萜化合物分离与结构表征

采用硅胶柱色谱法和重结晶法分离小叶中国蕨（Aleuritopteris albofusca）乙酸乙酯相粗组分.从该植物中分离出一种化合物（ent-kaurane-2β,16α,18α-triol）,并通过1D和2D核磁共振谱、高分辨率质谱和单晶X射线衍射方法表征了该化合物的结构.这是从小叶中国蕨中首次分离出来的一种新颖的ent-贝壳杉烷型二萜化合物.     

Identification of a bi-directional promoter from Tomato yellow leaf curl China virus

A bi-directional promoter of Tomato yellow leaf curl China virus (TYLCCNV) was obtained with the total DNA from TYLCCNV isolate Y10 infected tobacco leaves as a template. Plant expression vectors were constructed by fusing the amplified DNA fragment with the gus gene and nopaline terminator in different orientations. The vectors containing promoter fragments were transferred into leaf cells and plant stems of Nicotiana benthamiana by Agrobacterium-mediated method. Transient expression results showed that both the complementary and virion-sense promoters could drive the gus gene to express, and the GUS activity of the complementary-sense promoter was stronger than that of the virion-sense. Co-expression of the vector containing βC1 gene of TYLCCNV DNAβ with the vector containing a bi-directional promoter revealed that the βC1 protein has no impact on expression of either the virion- or the complementary-sense promoter.     

Quantitative relationships between vegetation and several pollen taxa in surface soil from North China

According to the vegetation investigation and pollen analysis of surface samples sampled along a precipitation gradient of the Northeast China Transect (NECT), several pollen taxa, includingPinus, Betula, Quercus, Tilia, Acer, Ulmus, Artemisia, Chenopodiaceae, Gramineae and Cyperaceae, were chosen to make the regression and correlation analyses. The results indicated that there exists a close relationship between vegetation and pollen taxa in surface samples. The regression parameters for ten taxa in the forests in the eastern part of NECT were different from those in the steppes in the western part.Pinus, Betula, Artemisia and Chenopodiaceae, which have large slope and y-intercept terms, were over-representative taxa.Acer, Gramineae and Cyperaceae, which have small slope andy-intercept terms, were under-representative taxa.Quercus, Tilia andUlmus whose slope terms have negative correlation withy-intercept terms were equi-representative taxa. The pollen taxa with large slope or largey-intercept terms have small variability coefficients, implying that the slope andy-intercept terms for these pollen taxa are of high accuracy in the estimation of plant abundance from pollen frequencies.     

龟甲轮属中国新记录种(轮虫门:真轮纲:游泳目:臂尾轮科)

记述了采自上海的中国新记录种凹腹龟甲轮虫(Keratella procurva Thorpe 1891),该种的特征为:腹部显著凹陷,前端有6刺,其中中间2刺最长,后端有2个不对称的棘刺.并根据光学显微镜(LM)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)照片描述了该种的形态特征.     

纤细叶蝉属1新种2新纪录种(半翅目:叶蝉科:圆痕叶蝉亚科)

记述中国圆痕叶蝉亚科纤细叶蝉属1新种：中性纤细叶蝉（Igerna mesialis sp.nov.）;2新纪录种：西隆纤细叶蝉（Igerna shillongensis Meshram rec.nov.）、威尔逊纤细叶蝉（Igerna wilsoni Viraktamath rec.nov.）.新种与美丽纤细叶蝉（Igerna channa Viraktamath,Dai&Zhang）相似,但前者阳茎干两边缘平行,至端部1/4处变窄;阳茎干上的短突起指向基腹侧;阳茎干上的长突起在基部侧缘,指向背侧;性孔位于阳茎干近中部.新种模式标本及新纪录种的检视标本保存于贵州大学昆虫研究所（GUGC）.     

Identification of a bi-directional promoter from Tomato yellow leaf curl China virus

A bi-directional promoter of Tomato yellow leaf curl China virus (TYLCCNV) was obtained with the total DNA from TYLCCNV isolate Y10 infected tobacco leaves as a template. Plant expression vectors were constructed by fusing the amplified DNA fragment with the gus gene and nopaline terminator in different orientations. The vectors containing promoter fragments were transferred into leaf cells and plant stems of Nicotiana benthamiana by Agrobacterium-mediated method. Transient expression results showed that both the complementary and virion-sense promoters could drive the gus gene to express, and the GUS activity of the complementary-sense promoter was stronger than that of the virion-sense. Co-expression of the vector containing βC1 gene of TYLCCNV DNAβ with the vector containing a bi-directional promoter revealed that the βC1 protein has no impact on expression of either the virion- or the complementary-sense promoter.     

黑曲霉木聚糖酶基因xynB的克隆及在酿酒酵母中的表达

从黑曲霉(Aspergillus niger)克隆木聚糖酶基因xynB,利用重叠延伸PCR法去除其中的内含子.将该基因与质粒pYES2连接,构建真核表达载体,用醋酸锂化转法导人酿酒酵母(Sacharom yces cerevisiae)INVSC1菌株表达.利用α信号肽替换基因原信号肽,以考察信号肽对表达蛋白分泌的影响.结果获得2株重组菌株,分别为xynB连接原信号肽的pYES2-xynB菌株和xynB连接α信号肽的pYES2-xynB-α菌株.木聚糖酶B成功表达,SDS-PAGE检测到约24kDa目的蛋白质条带.木聚糖酶B最适催化温度为50℃,最适催化pH值为5.0,Mn2+对酶活具有强烈的抑制作用.将α信号肽取代原信号肽使酶活达到最高的诱导时间由72h缩短为48h,但是置换信号肽使最高酶活由7.59U降低为3.97U.     

双肾藤茎枝甾体类化学成分的分离鉴定

【目的】系统研究药用植物双肾藤(Bauhinia glaucasubsp.hupehana)茎枝的化学成分,明确其药用物质基础。【方法】采用硅胶柱层析、聚酰胺柱层析、Sephadex LH-20凝胶柱层析等分离技术,从双肾藤茎枝中分离甾体类单体化合物,运用理化和波谱分析方法鉴定其化学结构。【结果】从双肾藤茎枝分离获得6个甾体类化合物,分别鉴定为(24R)-5α-豆甾烷-3,6-二酮(1)、(22E,24R)-麦角甾-4,6,8(14),22-四烯-3-酮(2)、(24R)-5α-豆甾-4-en-3,6-二酮(3)、豆甾烷-4-烯-3-酮(4)、β-谷甾醇(5)、胡萝卜苷(6)。【结论】从双肾藤中分离获得的甾体类化合物包括甾醇、甾酮和甾体苷,其中化合物1和2均为首次从该属植物中分离得到。     

中国白肩天蛾属记述与一新记录种(鳞翅目:天蛾科)

白肩天蛾属(Rhagastis RothschildJordan,1903)在中国分布有9种.于2017年上半年和2018年上半年分别对贵州荔波县茂兰自然保护区和海南乐东县尖峰岭地区进行考察并采集到一些天蛾标本.在对长喙天蛾族(Macroglossini Harris,1839)的标本进行整理之后发现,其中一些标本为宽缘白肩天蛾(Rhagastis acuta Walker,1856),这是该种首次在中国境内被记录.对该新记录种雄性成虫的形态进行了描述且附图,并对中国白肩天蛾属目前已知的种类进行了记述.     

广西北部湾大宗海水养殖鱼类卵形鲳鲹感染溶藻弧菌及其致病性研究

【目的】2016年广西钦州湾近海网箱养殖的卵形鲳鲹(Trachinotus ovatus)发生以体表皮肤溃烂、皮下出血、内脏器官病变为典型症状的细菌性疾病,通过对患病卵形鲳鲹中病原菌进行分离、鉴定与保存,为后续开展病原菌快速检测技术和防控技术等研究,以及控制相关病原菌在海水养殖中的暴发和流行奠定基础。【方法】利用LB平板和TCBS平板从患病卵形鲳鲹体表溃烂病灶、肾脏、肝脏组织中分离纯化疑似病原菌,并对其进行常规形态特征和生理生化反应的生物学检验,通过16SrDNA基因测序对疑似病原菌株进行分子生物学鉴定,在细胞和鱼体水平开展病原菌的致病性研究,同时进行人工感染的回接试验。【结果】分离得到4株疑似病原菌(TOQZ01,TOQZ02,TOQZ03,TOQZ04),基于其表型、分子生物学特征和进化关系,判定4株菌株均为弧菌属的溶藻弧菌(Vibrio alginolyticus),且细胞毒性试验和回归试验证实,分离得到的溶藻弧菌为此次卵形鲳鲹发病的病原菌。【结论】溶藻弧菌是引起广西沿海地区海水养殖鱼类发生细菌性鱼病的主要致病菌之一,未来将基于本研究中分离得到的溶藻弧菌开展病害快速检测技术和防控技术等现代海水生态健康养殖关键技术研究,以实现对广西海水养殖溶藻弧菌病的快速诊断、实时监控和有效预防。     

动表生硅藻的中国新记录种——弱小楔菱藻

本研究报道了采自黄海的一个中国硅藻新记录种——弱小楔菱藻Gomphonitzschia exigua Sovereign,该藻为生活在隆背体壮蟹Romaleon gibbosulum De Haan上的动表生硅藻(Epizoic Diatom).利用透射电子显微镜对弱小楔菱藻的形态进行了详细的观察和描述,并描述了该种的...     

横断山区鞍型藻属硅藻植物中国新记录

报道了采自横断山区双壳缝目舟形藻科鞍型藻属硅藻12个中国新记录种,分别为奥德雷基鞍型藻（Sellaphora auldreekie Mann & McDonald）、椭圆披针鞍型藻（Sellaphora ellipticolanceolata Metzeltin, Lange-Bertalot & Nergui）、冥河鞍型藻（Sellaphora styxii Novis, Braidwood & Kilroy）、日本鞍型藻（Sellaphora japonica （Kobayasi） Kobayasi）、辐节型鞍型藻（Sellaphora stauroneioides （Lange-Bertalot） Vesela & Johansen）、古言鞍型藻（Sellaphora guyanensis Metzeltin & Lange-Bertalot）、十字形鞍型藻（Sellaphora crassulexigua （Reichardt） Wetzel & Ector）、娜娜鞍型藻（Sellaphora nana （Hustedt） Lange-Bertalot）、分离鞍型藻（Sellaphora disjuncta （Hustedt） Mann）、类瞳孔鞍型藻（Sellaphora paenepupula Metzeltin & Lange-Bertalot）、凸腹鞍型藻（Sellaphora ventraloides （Hustedt） Falasco & Ector）和黑色鞍型藻（Sellaphora nigri （Notaris） Wetzel & Ector）. 对新记录种的形态特征进行详细描述,给出每个种的地理分布、生境信息和理化指标,并对新记录种及其相似种的形态差异进行讨论.     

南亚热带杉木、红锥人工林碳储量及分配特征

明确南亚热带杉木(Cunnighamia lanceolata)、红锥(Castanopsis hystrix)人工林碳储量及分配特征,可为应对全球气候变化研究提供基础数据,为碳汇林业发展提供科学依据。以我国亚热带地区广泛栽培的杉木人工林和红锥人工林为研究对象,以相对生长方程计算林木生物量,实测林下植被生物量、林木和林下植被各组分含碳率、土壤含碳率等,进而分析不同人工林的碳储量及分配规律。结果表明:(1)人工林生态系统不同组分的含碳率存在一定差异,虽然杉木和红锥的全株含碳率相差无几,分别为48.04%和47.80%,但林下植被和土壤表层的含碳率差别较大,林下植被含碳率为40.84%—47.73%(杉木林)、36.69%—43.76%(红锥林);土壤表层含碳率为2.28%—3.30%;(2)杉木人工林乔木层碳储量(71.48t/hm~2)、林下植被碳储量(1.533t/hm~2)显著高于红锥人工林乔木层碳储量(51.82t/hm~2)和林下植被碳储量(1.185t/hm2),而红锥人工林枯落物层碳储量(0.673t/hm2)显著高于杉木人工林(0.386t/hm~2);(3)杉木人工林的皮、叶、根碳储量显著高于红锥人工林,相反,红锥人工林的枝碳储量(8.04t/hm~2)显著高于杉木人工林(6.00t/hm~2);(4)杉木人工林生态系统碳储量(217.56t/hm~2)与红锥人工林生态系统碳储量(195.05t/hm~2)无显著差异,土壤和乔木层是人工林生态系统的主要碳库,分别占生态系统碳储量的66.37%—72.81%和26.59%—32.93%。杉木人工林乔木层、林下植被和生态系统碳储量均高于红锥人工林,红锥人工林枯落物碳储量显著高于杉木人工林,杉木是发展碳汇林的较好树种。     

Sea surface temperature and terrestrial biomarker records of the last 260 ka of core MD05-2904 from the northern South China Sea

This paper reports high-resolution biomarker records of the last 260 ka for core MD05-2904 from the northern South China Sea （SCS）. The sea surface temperature （SST） record using the U37^k＇, index reveals a minimum of 21.5℃（MIS 2） and a maximum of 28.3℃（MIS 5.5）, for a temperature difference of almost 7℃, and provides the longest high-resolution U37^k＇ SST record in northern SCS. The content of odd-number long chain n-alkanes and several n-alkanes indexes such as the CPI, ACL and the C31/C27 ratio, all reveal generally higher values during the glacials and lower values during the interglaclals. Terrestrial input as Indicated by n-alkane content was mostly controlled by sea-level changes： During the glacials, lower sea-level exposed the continental shelf to enable rivers to transport more terrestrial materials to the slope; and the situation reverses during the interglacials. The n-alkane indexes changes reveal more n-alkanes from contemporary vegetation during glacials as a result of the proximity of the core site to the source region, while the increases in ACL and C81/C27 ratio during glaclals indicate a change to more grassy vegetation. However, the highest values for CPI, ACL and the C81/C27 ratio all occurred during late MIS 3, and it was suggested that this period was characterized by a strong summer monsoon-dominated humid climate which resulted in a denser vegetation for the exposed continental shelf region.