基于超宽带的移动机器人室内定位系统设计

针对目前移动机器人室内定位方式灵活性差和精度不高的问题,设计了一种基于超宽带(UWB)的高精度移动机器人室内定位系统。系统以UWB射频模块组成无线传感器网络,包括基站(Anchor)和安装在移动机器人顶端的标签(Tag)。采用非对称双边双向测距技术(ADS-TWR)获得标签到各基站之间的距离信息,无需基站与标签、基站与基站之间的时钟同步。距离信息通过Wi Fi由基站传输到上位机,利用卡尔曼滤波算法对距离信息进行优化后进行定位。测试结果表明,该系统具有布设简单、高精度、高实时性的特点,定点定位误差在13 cm以内,动态点定位误差小于20 cm。     

一种新的无线传感器网络节点定位算法研究

提出一种新的节点分布式定位算法一移动锚节点极大似然算法(Mobile Anchor Point-Maximum Likelihood Estima-tion,MAP-MLE)用于节点定位.移动锚节点在定位区域内周期性发送信标点,未知节点接收信标点及其对应的声音信号能量,估算与信标点距离,滤波信标点,融合极大似然算法进行定位.仿真结果表明算法是有效的,其全分布计算定位方式适用于大规模的无线传感器网络节点定位.     

一种分布式无线传感器网络节点定位算法

基于接收信号强度(RSSl)的无线传感器网络节点定位算法由于无需额外测距硬件的支持而受到广泛的应用.但无线信号传输受到环境的影响,使得基于RSSI的定位算法存在较大的定位误差.针对上述不足提出了一种基于概率的无线传感器网络节点定位方法.首先根据信标节点发送信号强度与未知节点接收信号强度差来计算未知节点到其一跳范围内所有信标节点的估计距离,然后根据这些估计距离,通过计算未知节点在某个位置概率密度函数的最大值来确定未知节点自身的位置坐标.通过仿真表明,该方法在较低的信标节点密度和节点通信半径条件下,具有较高的节点定位精度和定位覆盖率.     

基于改进变尺度法的超宽带定位新算法

针对传统定位算法收敛速度慢的问题,结合超宽带通信具有时间分辨率高的特点,在到达时间差(TDOA)定位模型的基础上,采用基于Armijo步长的变尺度法(DFP)对目标节点进行初始定位,进一步在初始位置处以泰勒级数展开算法得到目标节点的最终位置,实现超宽带(UWB)通信系统精确定位。实验结果表明,采用改进变尺度法的初始坐标修正算法,不仅能够降低定位优化算法对于初始坐标的要求,而且在测量时间准确的前提下,相比传统最速下降法平均定位精度有7倍的改进,整个算法具有好的定位精度和定位效率。     

基于UWB/AOA/TDOA的WSN节点三维定位算法研究

为了将二维定位算法AOA和TDOA拓展成三维定位算法,文中提出了一种基于AOA/TDOA和UWB传输技术的WSN节点三维定位算法。该算法采用二维的AOA测角算法测量未知节点与信标节点之间的角度,采用TDOA算法测量未知节点与信标节点之间的距离,在测角、测距的过程中采用UWB通信技术来传输探测信号,使得探测信号具有较高的时间分辨率,从而提高测角、测距精度,最后基于文中提出的待测节点三维坐标计算方法求解出待测节点的三维坐标。为了验证算法的有效性,在Matlab软件中进行了仿真实验。结果表明：新算法定位精度相比于AOA算法、TDOA算法都有大幅度提高。理论和实践皆表明：新算法具有较高的定位精度,能够满足未知节点在三维空间中的定位需求。     

基于UWB的洗煤厂定位方法研究

针对目前洗煤厂定位存在的多路径区域精度低,遮挡路段轨迹丢失严重和抗干扰能力弱等技术难题,提出了一种基于UWB的洗煤厂定位方法。首先利用无线时钟同步算法完成系统软时钟同步,其次定位服务器获得基站间到达时间差,结合CT(Chan-Taylor)组合定位算法计算定位坐标,最后利用改进卡尔曼滤波算法抑制随机误差,实现洗煤厂二维高精度定位。实验表明：该方法在纯视距环境定位精度小于15 cm,在视距和非视距混合环境下,定位精度不大于30 cm。该定位方法具有通信距离远,覆盖范围广,抗干扰能力强和精度高等优点,有效地提升了洗煤厂复杂环境的定位精度。     

基于RSSI比值修正的无线传感器网络DV-Hop定位算法

针对传统原DV-Hop算法未考虑因邻居节点间分布不均直接使用跳数来估计每跳距离而导致对未知节点到信标节点的距离估算造成较大的误差,提出一种基于接收信号强度指示(RSSI)比值修正距离估计定位算法,把RSSI作为节点间欧氏距离的比征来修正每一跳的距离.仿真实验表明:该改进算法在几乎没有增加通信开销的前提下有效地提高了DV-Hop定位精度,同时增强了算法的环境适应性.     

物联网中基于UWB能量检测定位算法的仿真

Ultra-Wideband(UWB)技术被认为是最适合进行室内无线测距定位的技术,为了实现对基于UWB的物联网中节点的位置进行定位,采用基于能量接收的方法来估计UWB信号的到达时间(Time of Arrival,TOA),进而计算出传播距离和位置。本文使用Matlab仿真了PPM-TH-UWB(Pulse Position Modulation Time Hopping UWB)信号在IEEE802.15.4a信道下的发射、延时、信道冲击响应、加噪声、能量接收、到达时间估计的过程。该方法解决了在没有UWB信号发送、接收装置时对无线定位算法的仿真、测试和评估。     

运用最优化原理的新型非视距抑制无线定位算法

无线定位中非视距(NLOS)误差的存在会显著降低传统定位算法的精度,因此论文提出了一种运用最优化原理的定位算法以对抗NLOS误差.该算法适用于存在固定节点与移动节点的无线传感网系统,并结合距离加权思想将NLOS环境中的定位建模为二次规划问题,最终得到节点的最小二乘位置估计.分析表明在固定节点数量较多或者存在视距(LOS)传输固定节点时,该算法可以显著削弱NLOS误差的影响.计算机仿真证实了这一分析,其结果表明,在NLOS环境下论文所提出的算法性能优于现有其他定位算法,同时该算法还具有不受固定节点数目限制和复杂度较低等优点.     

一种基于模糊推理的改进加权KNN定位算法

针对UWB定位性能易受障碍物遮挡、非视距干扰的问题,提出了一种新的UWB指纹匹配定位算法。该算法利用基站与各定位标签之间的距离信息建立指纹库,并在KNN定位算法的基础上,引入了模糊推理方法,通过模糊规则处理得到待定位节点与k个参考节点的匹配度,把该匹配度作为权值对KNN算法进行加权,获得初始定位,同时,创新性地提出了位置优化阈T,根据阈值T和初始定位结果与k参考节点的欧式距离大小,判断是否进行二次模糊加权处理。测试显示,该算法定位误差保持在10cm左右,并且和一次模糊推理的加权KNN算法比较,优化算法定位精度提高了17.8%,提高了UWB室内定位的精确度和稳健性     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.