致密砂岩储层微观孔喉结构及其对渗流特征的影响——以鄂尔多斯盆地周长地区长8储层为例

通过铸体薄片、高压压汞、恒速压汞、X衍射、核磁共振及渗流实验等多种实验手段,分析研究了周长地区长8致密砂岩储层孔喉结构特征及其对渗流特征的影响。结果表明,研究区储层主要发育粒间孔和长石溶孔,孔隙面孔率低;喉道类型以片状-弯曲片状和缩颈式喉道为主;岩石排驱压力低,进汞饱和度高,但退汞效率低,一方面是由于孔喉连通性差,另一方面储层中的黏土矿物也对退汞效率产生了影响。孔喉结构是影响致密砂岩储层渗流特征的主要因素,其中,喉道半径、孔喉比及连通性等决定储层渗流能力的关键。大喉道主要提供储层的渗流能力,而中-小孔喉则对储集能力的贡献更大。     

苏里格气田东区致密砂岩气藏孔渗特征的实验研究

综合应用铸体薄片、扫描电镜、压汞测试等分析化验资料,对苏里格气田东区盒8段致密砂岩储层的微观孔隙特征进行了详细的研究。研究结果表明,沉积作用和成岩作用的双重影响使盒8段储层孔隙结构异常复杂,粒间溶孔、粒内溶孔、晶间孔等次生孔隙构成了本区的主要储集空间。致密砂岩储层岩心的孔喉中值半径与渗透率的相关程度明显低于主流喉道半径与渗透率的相关程度,说明主流喉道半径对渗透率起主要的控制作用,主流喉道半径0.7~1.8μm。大喉道对高渗透率岩心的渗透率贡献大,而小喉道对特低渗透率岩心的渗透率贡献大,从而导致致密砂岩储层渗流阻力大,开发难度增加。     

川东南志留系小河坝组致密砂岩储层孔隙结构

针对川东南地区下志留统小河坝组致密砂岩储层,利用铸体薄片、扫描电镜、物性测试、高压压汞、恒速压汞等技术手段,结合前人的研究成果,对储层微孔隙类型和结构特征进行研究。结果表明:储层演化程度较高,原生孔隙发育较少,次生溶孔占总孔隙的80%,包括微米级粒间溶孔、微米-纳米级粒内溶孔和杂基溶孔;高压压汞屏蔽了半径较大的孔隙,表征的孔喉半径为0.01～1.26μm,半径0.1μm的喉道所占比例10%;恒速压汞测试表明,渗透率不同的样品孔隙半径大小及分布范围相近,孔隙半径主要集中在145μm左右,分布范围为40～260μm;喉道半径大小相差悬殊,且分布范围较大,为0.1～2.7μm。高压压汞和恒速压汞结合表征小河坝组致密砂岩的孔隙半径为0.01～260μm,喉道半径为0.01～2.7μm;致密储层孔隙度主要受单位体积有效孔隙数量、有效孔隙半径大小的影响,而渗透率主要受控于有效喉道半径的大小和分布,储层物性的差异则是这些孔-喉结构参数共同影响的综合体现。     

延安气田北部山1段储层微观孔隙结构对可动流体赋存的影响

以延安气田北部山1段储层为研究对象,通过铸体薄片、扫描电镜、恒速压汞、核磁共振等实验方法,分析其储层微观孔隙结构特征,研究其对可动流体赋存的影响。结果表明,研究区储层主要为岩屑石英砂岩和岩屑砂岩,溶孔、晶间孔和微裂隙为主要的孔隙类型,发育缩颈喉道,片状、弯片状喉道。储层具有中—大孔隙、微细喉道的特征,喉道为影响储层渗流的关键因素,微裂隙及溶蚀影响孔隙、喉道的发育。微裂隙型储层喉道半径大,喉道频谱分布宽,渗透性最好。储层样品可动流体饱和度为14.82%～55.16%,平均为32.23%。研究认为,喉道半径、孔隙半径、孔喉比及分选性影响着可动流体的饱和度,喉道半径为影响可动流体赋存的主要因素,尤其是半径≥1.5μm的喉道,其所占比例越高,可动流体饱和度越高;而半径≤0.3μm的微喉道比例越高,可动流体饱和度越低。分选系数越高,可动流体饱和度越高。     

哈日凹陷巴音戈壁组碎屑岩储层及微观孔喉特征

通过对银根-额济纳旗盆地哈日凹陷巴音戈壁组13块岩心样品的恒速压汞测试,结合扫描电镜观测、显微组分鉴定,对储层岩石学特征、孔隙发育情况及微观孔喉特征进行了研究。结果表明,岩石以粉砂质泥岩、岩屑石英砂岩为主,孔隙主要发育晶间孔、粒间缝、粒间溶孔和粒内溶孔,孔隙度在0.1%～3.4%之间,渗透率在0.004～1.327×10~(-3)μm~2之间。孔喉主要为片状和弯片状吼道,喉道普遍狭窄,孔喉大小分布不集中,半径分布在0.004～0.066μm之间,连通性差,储层最大孔喉半径、平均孔喉半径与孔隙度、渗透率之间具有较好的相关性。毛细管压力曲线特征为中排驱压力-微细喉道型和高排驱压力型-微喉道型,特低渗透碎屑岩储层孔隙结构具有孔喉连通性差及孔喉性质差异大的特点,哈日凹陷巴音戈壁组特低渗透碎屑岩储层性质主要由喉道控制,喉道控制储层渗透性,进而决定开发难度和开发效果。     

准噶尔盆地南缘中段东沟组储层孔隙结构特征及评价

应用岩石薄片、扫描电镜、恒速压汞等实验资料,对南缘中段东沟组储层微观孔隙结构特征进行分析,东沟组储层内发育原生粒间孔、剩余粒间孔及少量粒内溶孔和微裂缝,喉道类型主要为缩颈型喉道,其次为孔隙缩小型和片状型喉道,每个背斜的储层孔喉类型、分选性及连通性都不尽相同。在压汞资料的基础上,运用因子分析优选出分选系数(Sp)、中值半径(R50)、排驱压力(Pd)等8个最能反映原始孔隙结构信息的参数,采用二阶聚类方法将研究区储层孔隙结构分为了Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ类,并对其进行了评价,最后用压汞曲线及Bayes判别法对此分类方法进行了验证,样品分类结果的正确率达到99.1%。分类结果表明:Ⅰ类孔隙为大孔粗喉型、Ⅱ类为中孔中-细喉型、Ⅲ类为小孔细喉型;Ⅰ、Ⅱ类孔隙结构的储层为研究区的有利储层,该分类研究为油田下一步剩余油的开发提供了有利的依据。     

溶孔-粒间孔组合对超低渗透储层物性的影响——以西峰油田庆阳区长8油层为例

目的 研究溶孔-粒间孔组合对超低渗透储层物性的影响.方法 通过岩石薄片、铸体薄片、扫描电镜、恒速压汞等先进的实验方法和系统的分析化验,微观、定量分析各类孔隙及其孔隙结构特征以及对储层物性的影响.结果 与庆阳全区长8储层相比,庄58井区由于溶孔-粒间孔较发育,使得长8储层喉道半径(0.1-2.6μm)、孔隙度(11.5%)、渗透率(1.17×10-3μm2)分别好于全区长8储层喉道半径(O.1～1.0μm)、孔隙度(10.9%)、渗透率(O.68×10-2μm2).结论 发育溶孔-粒间孔组合的储层,其物性相对较好.     

松辽盆地南部泉四段扶余油层致密砂岩储层微观孔喉结构特征

综合运用铸体薄片观察、扫描电镜、高压压汞、恒速压汞及图像分析等技术手段,对松辽盆地南部泉四段扶余油层致密砂岩储层储集空间、储集物性、微观孔喉分布及不同尺度孔喉对储层物性的贡献等特征进行精细表征,并分析不同微观孔喉参数与储层物性的相关关系。结果表明,研究区致密砂岩储层物性差、孔喉半径小;储集空间以粒内和粒间溶孔为主,含部分原生孔和黏土矿物晶间孔。储层孔隙半径分布差异不明显,而喉道半径与孔喉比分布差异较大;储层物性越好,喉道半径分布范围越宽,峰值喉道半径越大,并且右偏特征越明显;储层渗透率越高,对渗透率起主要贡献的孔喉半径越大;孔喉比分布与喉道半径分布呈现相反的特征。渗透率主要由岩石中少量的微米级孔喉贡献;纳米级孔喉所占体积很大,却只有较小的渗流能力,并且渗透率越低,纳米级孔喉所占的相对比例越大。微观孔喉结构参数对储层物性的影响主要体现在渗透率上,而对孔隙度的影响较小。     

恒速压汞技术在定边长7致密砂岩储层微观孔喉空间表征中的应用

为了对定边油区长7致密砂岩储层微观孔喉空间进行深入的表征,并分析其孔喉空间与储集层物性的关系,应用铸体薄片、扫描电镜、恒速压汞等技术对其进行分析研究。结果表明,研究区长7致密砂岩储集层孔隙类型主要为残余粒间孔隙、溶蚀粒间孔隙、粒内溶孔、微孔隙、微裂隙。储集层孔隙半径分布范围65~240μm,差异不明显,峰值在115μm左右;孔隙半径和储集层物性的相关性不显著;单位体积岩样有效孔隙体积较大时,储集层物性较好,储集能力较强。随着渗透率的不同而储集层喉道半径分布差异较大,当渗透率小于0.50×10~(-3)μm~2时,喉道半径分布范围更窄,喉道半径小于0.9μm的居多,小喉道占主导地位,变化更敏感;当储集层渗透率增加时,喉道半径分布范围逐步增宽,大喉道的占比逐渐增加,对渗透率的贡献增强,小喉道的占比逐渐减小,对渗透率的贡献减弱;喉道半径与物性的相关性较好,是储集层物性的关键因素。储集层孔喉半径比为10~1250,分布范围较宽,对储层的开采产生不利的影响。     

鄂尔多斯盆地甘谷驿油田长6段低渗储层孔隙微观发育特征及成岩演化

针对甘谷驿油田长6段低孔低渗储层,结合区域沉积及地质资料,充分利用岩石薄片分析、压汞及扫描电镜分析,系统研究了该储层孔隙发育类型及特征、孔隙结构划分及孔隙演化机理。研究结果表明,长6段储层岩性以长石砂岩为主,孔隙度约10%,渗透率在(0.1~2.0)×10~(-3)μm~2,孔隙类型主要为残余粒间孔,其次为粒间溶孔、粒内溶孔及胶结物溶孔,局部发育微裂隙及晶间孔隙,总面孔率在5%左右。另外,依据孔隙结构参数及J函数法,将孔隙结构划分为4种类型。孔隙的发育特征与成岩作用密切相关,压实压溶作用、胶结充填作用、溶蚀作用对后期的孔隙演化均有重要作用,早期的成岩阶段以压实及胶结作用为主,形成原生残余粒间孔隙,而在成岩阶段后期,次生孔隙发育,形成2种类型次生孔隙,即浊沸石溶蚀孔以及绿泥石、水云母溶蚀形成的溶蚀孔。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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