山西产连翘中重金属的含量测定

测定山西产连翘中铅、铜、镉、砷和汞等5种有害元素的含量。采用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法(ICPAES)测定连翘中铅、铜、镉的含量;采用原子荧光光度法(AFS)测定连翘中砷和汞的含量。5种元素线性关系良好,r为0.9992~0.9999;回收率为90%~102%;RSD均小于5%。不同产地连翘的重金属元素含量之间存在一定的差异。该法具有较高灵敏度,准确度和重复性好,可作为连翘中重金属及有害元素的定量检测。     

微波消解-原子吸收法快速测定羽毛中的铜锌铬铅镉

提出了微波消解原子吸收法测定改性羽毛中铜、锌、铬、铅、镉的分析方法。采用在密闭容器中,用HNO3和HClO4混酸做溶剂在微波状态下消解改性羽毛样品,样品溶解完毕泄压后,定容,用快速序列分析功能的原子吸收仪同时测定铜、锌、铬、铅、镉的含量,快速高效。同时考察了微波消解称样量、溶剂用量及共存离子对分析结果的影响,其标准样品的测定结果与标准值一致。本法适应于改性羽毛中铜、锌、铬、铅、镉的测定。     

垃圾焚烧飞灰中典型重金属形态分布研究

采用原欧洲共同体参考物质署指导制定的标准三步分级提取法对垃圾焚烧飞灰中的7种重金属(锌、镍、铅、铜、锰、镉、铬)的化学形态进行了研究.结果表明:金属镉主要以弱酸提取态的形式存在(含量占总镉质量的75.66%～89.09%),同时铅、铜的弱酸提取态含量也较高(含量占总质量的32.12%～41.36%),对环境具有潜在的影响;铅、铜、锰、锌的可还原态及可氧化态含量相对较高,铬、镍主要以残渣态形式存在(含量占总质量的57.17%～86.90%).     

火焰原子吸收光谱法测定虎杖中微量元素的含量

采用火焰原子吸收光谱法测定了虎杖中的Ca、Mg、Zn、Cu、Mn、Fe、Pb、Cr和Cd含量。结果表明:虎杖中微量元素钙和镁分别达到2466μg/g和789.1μg/g,锌、铁含量较高,铜、铅和铬含量较低,镉未检测出,回收率为83.47%~103.0%,相对标准偏差(RSD)介于4.23%~16.72%,该法简单、快速、准确,结果令人满意。     

微波消化火焰原子吸收分光光度法测定田基黄中重金属

采用微波消解田基黄样品,用火焰原子吸收分光光度法测定了5种重金属含量。结果表明,田基黄中锌、铜、铅、铬、镉含量依次为193.94,36.51,77.68,13.68,49.06μg/g,平均加标回收率分别为100.03%,101.02%,103.11%,101.06%,103.92%,RSD分别为0.89%,1.62%,4.01%,3.81%,4.27%。精密度和重复性实验的RSD为0.28%～2.68%和1.02%～3.8%。     

原子吸收分光光度法测定土壤中金属元素含量

使用原子吸收分光光度法测定土壤中铜、铅、铬、镉、锌元素的含量。在最佳测定条件下,用标准曲线法,考察了不同质量的土壤样品中铜、铅、铬、镉、锌的含量及其变化规律。通过以上研究得到,采用微波消解方法处理土壤样品省时合理,并对沈抚新城地区土壤重金属含量进行测定,结果表明,对于所选城区土壤中重金属含量均在国家标准允许值范围内。     

烟梗草木灰中微量金属元素含量分析

烟梗草木灰是属于农作物秸秆草木灰之一,含钾丰富,除此之外它还含有铜、铁、锌、锰、钙、镁、铅、铬、镉、汞、砷等微量金属元素。本文利用微波消解-原子吸收法及微波消解-原子荧光法对烟梗草木灰中微量金属元素含量进行测定,结果表明:烟梗草木灰中,各微量元素的含量分别为含量分别为铁(1. 46%)、铜(0. 14%)、锌(0. 18%)、钙(5. 16%)、镁(1. 87%)、锰(0. 0575%)、铅(0. 0525%)、镉(0. 0075%)、铬(0. 0375%)、汞(0. 0004%)、砷(0. 0035%)。烟梗草木灰中含钙、铁、镁含量丰富,重金属铅、镉、铬、汞、砷含量在国家标准(GB/T 23349-2009)限量范围之内。     

硝酸-氢氟酸微波消解-ICPMS测定土壤铜、 锌、 镉、 铅

建立了硝酸-氢氟酸体系微波消解-ICPMS同时测定土壤中铜、锌、镉、铅4种元素的分析方法。优化了微波消解所使用的混合酸体系。在建立的实验条件下,土壤中铜、锌、镉、铅的检出限为0. 02～0. 7μg/g,检测土壤标准物质中的铜、锌、镉、铅,结果均在保证值范围内,准确度较好。实际样品分析结果显示,相对标准偏差范围在1. 0%～6. 9%之间,精密度良好。该方法酸用量少,操作简便,快速,检出限低,准确度高,精密度好,适用于土壤中铜、锌、镉、铅的同时分析。     

不同产地苦参的重金属含量测定与评价

目的测定不同产地苦参中重金属含量,对其安全性进行评价。方法:采用火焰原子吸收分光光度法测定全国15个产地的苦参重金属铅、镉、铜、锌含量。结果按照《药用植物及制剂进出口绿色行业标准》规定(铅≤5.0 mg/kg、镉≤0.3 mg/kg、铜≤0.2 mg/kg)和《中国药典》2010年版附录中规定(锌≤20.0 mg/kg)计算,铅超标率为40.0%,镉超标率为93.34%,铜超标率为0,锌超标率为40.0%。其中,四川成都采的苦参样品铅含量最高为7.0083 mg/kg,是标准的1.40倍;云南曲靖采的苦参样品镉含量最高为0.9000 mg/kg,是标准的3.00倍;浙江杭州采的苦参样品锌含量最高为43.5500 mg/kg,是标准的2.18倍。苦参样品铅、镉、铜和锌4种重金属含量存在不同程度的相关性。运用IBM-SPSS 22统计软件对15个产地苦参重金属含量进行聚类分析,把15个产地苦参归为四大类。结论 15个产地苦参中均检测出铅、镉、铜和锌且存在显著的差异,但铜并未出现超标现象,而铅、镉、锌超标严重,尤其是镉。这为苦参药材的规范化种植,安全评价研究提供一定依据。     

怀菊花全植物中重金属元素含量研究

采用原子荧光光谱法和电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定怀菊花中重金属元素的含量。各元素在0~0.4μg/L或0~20μg/L测定线性范围内,呈现良好的线性关系,测定了怀菊花中的汞、铬、锰、镍、铜、锌、砷、镉、铅等重金属的含量,为怀菊花质量监控提供参考。     

Organic reagents for removing heavy metals from a 10-34-0 (N-P2O5-K2O) grade fertilizer solution and wet-process phosphoric acid

Fertilizer solutions and wet-process phosphoric acid (WPA) contain heavy metal impurities such as cadmium, zinc, lead, copper, manganese, and chromium. Trisodium trithiocyanuric acid (TMT-15), sodium trithiocarbonate (5% Na₂CS₃), and sodium polythiocarbonate (Thio-Red II) were evaluated as precipitating agents for heavy metals in a 10-34-0 (N-P₂O₅-K₂O) grade fertilizer solution and WPA. A water-insoluble starch xanthate was also evaluated as an adsorbent for the heavy metals in 10-34-0 (N-P₂O₅-K₂O) and WPA. Arsenic (24–99+%), cadmium (36–97+%), copper (98+%), mercury (96+%), lead (83–88+%), and zinc (8–83+%) precipitated from 10-34-0 (N-P₂O₅-K₂O) upon the addition of each organic reagent, while levels of manganese and chromium were unaffected. Mercury (97+%), lead (75+%), cadmium (11–38%), copper (99+%), and chromium (3–35%) precipitated from WPA upon the addition of 5% Na₂CS₃ and Thio-Red II, while precipitation of manganese and zinc was negligible. The water-insoluble starch xanthate adsorbed mercury (96+%), copper (38–98+%), and lead (24–75%) from 10-34-0 (N-P₂O₅-K₂O) and WPA while adsorption of arsenic, cadmium, manganese, chromium, and zinc was negligible.     

The influence of zeolite type A on metal concentrations in water and waste water

Investigations were made to determine the removals of calcium, copper, chromium, nickel, lead and zinc from water and waste water samples by different concentrations of zeolite type A and with zeolite type A forms where sodium had been partially exchanged for calcium. Metal concentrations were determined after a range of different treatments such as filtration, sedimentation in columns and centrifugation. The results indicated that the rate of removal of calcium hardness from samples was a function of the calcium hardness present in the samples. High concentrations of zeolite removed all the metals except chromium from water, but only lead, zinc and cadmium from synthetic waste water samples. In water samples containing cadmium, nickel, copper and zinc, an increase in the calcium exchanged for sodium in the zeolite resulted in a decrease in the percentage of nickel removed from suspension on mixing. At lower environmental concentrations, zeolite type A had no effect on the removal of metals from raw waste water samples.     

饮用水中重金属元素的分析

对饮用水中的无机重金属主要有锰、铬、汞、铜、锌、铅和镉等7种重金属元素进行了检测,其中的锰、铬、汞3种元素的检测采用GB/T5750-1985中的可见分光光度法,铜、锌、铅和镉4种元素采用GB/T8535-1995中的火焰原子吸收光度法检验.     

ICP-MS法同时测定地表水中21种痕量元素

以6 Li、Sc、Ge、Y、In、Bi 6种元素作内标校正系统,采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)同时测定地表水中的Be、Mg、Ca、V、Cr、Mn、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn、As、Se、Mo、Ag、Cd、Sb、Bs、Tl、Pb、Th、U 21种痕量元素,结果表明:各元素的线性系数均>0.999 5,方法检出限为0.006～0.738μg/L,标准样品的测定值均在标准范围内且RSD<4.22%,样品中各元素的加标回收率为95.0%～116.1%。     

高压脉冲电凝法处理电镀混合废水

高压脉冲电凝系统为当今新一代电化学水处理设备。对电镀含铬废水及混合废水中的锌、镍、铜、氰化物、磷、油等污染物有显著的治理效果，是较理想的电镀混合废水治理新工艺。尤其对大、中型电镀厂家具很好的推广应用价值。     

Phosphorus and selected metals mobilized from two commercial fertilizers into overland flow during border irrigation

Metals, present as impurities, may be used to trace phosphorus (P) derived directly from fertilizers in field studies. This paper reports a study that compared P to strontium, copper, zinc, cadmium, lead, chromium and nickel concentrations in overland flow from border irrigated fields, before and after fertilization with commercial diammonium phosphate (DAP), or single superphosphate (SSP) blends. The concentrations of P and various metal species in overland flow were within the guidelines for potable water. However, with the possible exception of chromium, all samples, including pre-fertilization samples, were outside the trigger values for Australian and New Zealand streams. Changes in the cadmium and strontium concentrations were related to changes in the total dissolved P (TDP) concentrations following fertilization. This suggests that these metals may be used for tracing P derived directly from fertilizers. However, the background concentrations of cadmium and strontium in overland flow varied between farms and the decay in P concentrations in the two irrigations following fertilizer application were not reflected in cadmium and strontium concentrations. These appear to be major limitations on the use of cadmium and strontium for tracing P derived directly from fertilizers.     

Separation and recovery of heavy metals from concentrated smelting wastewater by synergistic solvent extraction using a mixture of 2-hydroxy-5-nonylacetophenone oxime and bis(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl) -phosphinic acid

Extraction and separation of copper, zinc, nickel, and cadmium from calcium and magnesium in concentrated smelting wastewater by synergistic solvent extraction using a mixture of 2-hydroxy-5-nonylacetophenone oxime (Mextral 84H) and bis(2,4,4 -trimethylpentyl)-phosphinic acid (Cyanex 272) in an aliphatic diluent (DT-100) was studied. The effects of extractant concentrations, equilibrium pH, organic-to-aqueous phase ratios, system temperature, and extraction and stripping efficiencies on the extraction performance of the heavy metals were investigated. Extraction of pH isotherms showed that addition of Cyanex 272 to Mextral 84H causes obvious synergistic shifts for zinc and cadmium and a slightly antagonistic shift for nickel. The separation factor of cadmium over magnesium was 155.7 and the ΔpH₅₀ values between the metals were over 1.00 pH units. Semi-continuous tests for the metals extraction, scrubbing, and stripping were conducted in a continuous extraction apparatus with conditions further optimized for separation of the metals. Nearly 100% of the copper and nickel and over 98% of the zinc and cadmium were recovered with less than 0.1 mg/L copper and nickel, 26 mg/L of zinc, and 10 mg/L of cadmium remaining in the raffinate. A process in which all valuable metals are extracted simultaneously and stripped selectively at optimal conditions is proposed that is entirely feasible for the separation of copper, zinc, nickel, and cadmium from calcium and magnesium in concentrated smelting wastewater. The study determines the fundamental parameters for the treatment of smelting wastewater by solvent extraction.     

阴离子交换色谱法分离含钴溶液中锌、镉、铜等杂质

采用阴离子交换色谱法,研究了某锌厂冶炼废渣的硫酸化焙砂浸出液中钴与锌、镉、铜等杂质离子的分离工艺,确定了最佳工艺参数：将料液配制成含2 mol/L Cl–1和0.1 mol/L Na2SO3的溶液,调节pH值为 4.5,搅拌数分钟,料液pH值降低至 4.0后,用201?7阴离子交换色谱柱进行分离,柱后流出液中锌、镉、铜等杂质的含量达到钴冶金工艺要求,钴的损失为0.7%左右.     

Adsorption of Cd and Cr ions from industrial wastewater using Ca doped Ni–Zn nanoferrites: Synthesis,characterization and isotherm analysis

Removal of heavy metals (Cd and Cr) from industrial wastewater by adsorption onto a series of Ca substituted nickel zinc nanoferrites (Ca_xNi_0.4Zn_0.6-xFe₂O₄ (x = 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5 and 0.6)) (CNZNFs) was studied in detail. The effect of calcium doping and contact time over adsorption of cadmium and chromium ions was investigated and maximum uptake of Cd (98.25%) and Cr (51%) ions were marked by prepared nanoadsorbents. Structural studies confirmed the formation of spinel structured nanoparticles with crystallite size ranging from 24 to 38 nm while porosity was observed to vary from 52% to 58% with calcium concentration. Pseudo second order (PSO) kinetic model for adsorption of both heavy metals (cadmium and chromium) was observed to be better fitted with adsorption data. Maximum adsorption efficiencies for Cd (128.20 mg/g) and Cr (23.54 mg/g) were found by the data fit of Langmuir isotherm model. Additionally, the adsorption data was found to obey Langmuir isotherm model for both heavy metals due to higher values of correlation coefficients (R² = 0.94131 for cadmium and 0.91091 for chromium) than Freundlich isotherm model (R² = 0.5865 for cadmium and 0.4599 for chromium).