日本文殊快堆紧急停堆后堆芯出口腔室瞬态工况模拟研究

基于日本文殊快堆停堆实验数据,完成了文殊快堆上升桶通流孔结构分别为直角、圆角下堆芯出口腔室内较完整的热分层进程模拟,并从热分层的形成、界面上升速度、温度梯度及通流孔钠流量比率等方面对热分层特点进行深入分析。结果表明,数值模拟结果与实验结果符合较好,在一定条件下,数值模拟可很好地预测钠冷快堆内整体热工水力行为。本文结果为建立一套用于预测钠堆内复杂瞬态工况的数值模拟方法积累了经验。     

日本文殊原型快堆堆芯出口腔室热分层现象数值模拟

本文利用商业CFD程序STAR-CCM+,采用合理的网格生成技术及物理模型,对日本文殊原型快堆堆芯出口腔室建立近似1∶1的模型,模拟分析40%额定功率停堆过程中堆芯出口腔室的瞬态工况,获得腔室内较为完整的热分层进程。结果表明：停堆2 min后腔室内出现稳定热分层现象;10～21 min时热分层通过上升桶桶顶位置;10～140 min热分层处于上升筒顶端位置附近期间,腔室内流型不稳定;140 min后热分层完全处于上升桶顶,桶内流型稳定且接近于停堆前。模拟结果与实验数据对比表明,停堆初期4 min内两者符合较好,表明本文模拟方法适用于停堆工况堆芯出口腔室热分层进程模拟;之后模拟进程明显快于实验,分析其偏差主要来自模拟边界及结构与实际的差异。     

日本文殊快堆整体热腔室流场三维数值模拟

为研究日本文殊快堆一回路热腔室的热工水力特性,借鉴和消化国外快堆的设计经验,使用流体力学软件CFX对文殊快堆整体热腔室进行三维稳态数值模拟,得到其整体热腔室流场。文殊快堆全堆芯温度监测系统可为我国快堆小型化设计作技术准备。     

Large eddy simulation of thermal striping in the upper plenum of the PGSFR

A computational study of thermal striping in the upper plenum of the prototype generation-IV sodium-cooled fast reactor (PGSFR) being developed at Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute is presented. First, previous experimental and numerical studies on the thermal striping are briefly discussed. Both Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) and large eddy simulation (LES) approaches are employed for the simulation of thermal striping in the upper plenum of the PGSFR. For the RANS approach, the conventional k ? ? turbulence model is employed and the LES is performed using the wall-adapting local eddy viscosity model. From the RANS results, the time-averaged velocity components and temperature field in the complicated upper plenum of the PGSFR are calculated. In the LES results, the time history of temperature fluctuation at several locations of upper internal structure (UIS) and intermediate heat exchanger (IHX) are additionally stored. Comparisons of the predicted time-averaged velocity and temperature between the two methods show that the prediction by the LES shows faster thermal mixing than that by the k ? ? turbulence model. From the computed results of the temporal variation of temperature, it was possible to find the amplitude and frequency of the temperature fluctuation at the several locations of the UIS and IHXs. It was found that the location where the thermal stress is largest in the upper plenum of the PGSFR is the ?-shape region of the first grid plate.     

中国实验快堆热钠池热分层现象研究

中国实验快堆(CEFR)在紧急停堆工况下,会在热钠池上部空间形成热分层现象。热分层出现后,由于上腔室底部存在大量的冷钠(相对而言),这将延缓一回路自然循环的建立。同时,冷钠的存在还会降低自然循环的流量,并对事故停堆后堆芯的冷却产生不利影响。因此,热分层现象应当引起广泛注意。从设备结构的完整性分析上看,快堆热分层现象的出现对堆容器和部分堆内构件是不利的,会使这些部件在结构内部形成明显的热应力,对堆的安全运行构成隐患。本文调研了国内外在该领域的研究状况,分析国外已有的实验研究和理论计算进展,并结合快堆现有的计算分析程序,对CEFR的热分层现象进行深入和较为全面的计算分析。通过计算分析可以看到,在全厂断电工况下,在热钠池的上部会初步形成稳定的热分层,分层界面位于中间热交换器入口的下方,但是热分层现象不会对堆的自然循环构成影响。     

池式快堆三维热工流体力学设计研究

随着计算机软硬件技术的发展,三维数值分析技术已经成为池式快堆堆芯和钠池热工设计和计算分析的重要组成部分,并在其中发挥着不可替代的作用.通过对池式快堆几个典型热工现象的分析,展示了我国第一座池式快堆(中国实验快堆)热工设计和安全分析中所拥有的设计手段和工具,总结了三维数值分析技术在快堆工程中的应用,并指出了其对今后快堆热工设计的重要意义.     

Updating of adventitious fuel pin failure frequency in sodium-cooled fast reactors and probabilistic risk assessment on consequent severe accident in Monju

Experimental studies, deterministic approaches and probabilistic risk assessments (PRAs) on local fault (LF) propagation in sodium-cooled fast reactors (SFRs) have been performed in many countries because LFs have been historically considered as one of the possible causes of severe accidents. Adventitious-fuel-pin-failures (AFPFs) have been considered to be the most dominant initiators of LFs in these PRAs because of their high frequency of occurrence during reactor operation and possibility of fuel-element-failure-propagation (FEFP). A PRA on FEFP from AFPF (FEFPA) in the Japanese prototype SFR (Monju) was performed in this study based on the state-of-the-art knowledge, reflecting the most recent operation procedures under off-normal conditions. Frequency of occurrence of AFPF in SFRs which was the initiating event of the event tree in this PRA was updated using a variety of methods based on the above-mentioned latest review on experiences of this phenomenon. As a result, the frequency of occurrence of, and the core damage frequency (CDF) from, AFPF in Monju was significantly reduced to a negligible magnitude compared with those in the existing PRAs. It was, therefore concluded that the CDF of FEFPA in Monju could be comprised in that of anticipated transient without scram or protected loss of heat sink events from both the viewpoint of occurrence probability and consequences.     

Validation of a Computational Simulation Method for Evaluating Thermal Stratification in the Reactor Vessel Upper Plenum of Fast Reactors

Validation of a numerical simulation method is carried out for thermal stratification phenomena in the reactor vessel upper plenum of advanced sodium-cooled fast reactors. The study mainly focuses on the fundamental applicability of commercial computational fluid dynamics (CFD) codes as well as an inhouse code to the evaluation of thermal stratification behavior including the simulation methods such as spatial mesh distribution and RANS-type turbulence models in the analyses. Two kinds of thermal stratification tests are used in the validation, which is done for relatively simple- and conventional-type upper plenum geometries with water and sodium as working fluids. Quantitative comparison between the simulation and test results clarifies that when used with a high-order discretization scheme of the convection term, the investigated CFD codes are applicable to evaluations of the basic behaviors of thermal stratification and especially the vertical temperature gradient of the stratification interface, which is important from the viewpoint of structural integrity. No remarkable difference is seen in the simulation results obtained using different RANS turbulence models, namely, the standard kε model, the RNG k-ε model, and the Reynolds stress model. It is further confirmed in a numerical experiment that the distribution of two or more meshes within the stratification interface will lead to accurate simulation of the interface temperature gradient with less than 10% error.     

Assessment of thermal aging embrittlement in a cast stainless steel valve and its effect on the structural integrity

This paper analyzes the thermal aging embrittlement occurred in a cast stainless steel valve, which is part of the reactor water clean-up (RWCU) system of a Spanish boiling water reactor (BWR) nuclear power plant. The aim is to estimate the current and future state of the material and the corresponding structural integrity of the valve. Given that there is no data available for the experimental characterization of the material, the evolution of the mechanical properties (fracture toughness, yield stress, flow stress and Ramberg-Osgood parameters) has been estimated using the ANL procedure.With the obtained estimations, the critical crack size has been calculated using the European procedure FITNET FFS and the ASME Code.This analysis considers not only the evolution of the mechanical properties up to now but also its future evolution in case there is a life extension of the plant until year 2029.