MJTR硅单晶辐照技术改进研究

为了具备8 inch（1 inch=2.54 cm）硅单晶辐照生产能力,同时进一步提高硅单晶辐照质量,对岷江试验堆（MJTR）硅单晶辐照技术进行改进研究。通过在辐照孔道增加中子屏布置改善硅单晶辐照的不均匀性,在辐照孔道外增加反射层布置提高辐照孔道热中子注量率,满足了8inch硅单晶辐照要求;同时对硅单晶辐照操作工艺进行优化设计,并对半自动辐照控制工艺进行了设计改进。硅单晶辐照技术改进后,每罐硅操作时间缩短了一半左右,辐照罐数可增加2%,辐照生产效率提升显著。      

HFETR辐照孔道中子特性研究

采用蒙特卡洛(MCNP)程序对辐照孔道中子特性进行研究,包括各辐照孔道E1.0 Me V时的中子注量率(φE1.0 Me Vf(29))与E0.625 e V时的中子注量率(φE0.625 e Vf(29))的比值k,辐照孔道阳面、阴面样品中子注量率比值,辐照孔道样品最佳布置高度。研究结果表明:高通量工程试验堆(HFETR)辐照孔道k值随轴向和径向变化不同,但平均变化程度一致;9#孔道阳面、阴面材料快中子注量率比值达1.43,而G7、K11孔道阳面、阴面材料快中子注量率比值相对较小,分别为1.21和1.18。综合考虑,对于P15孔道,辐照试验段样品布置区的高度可达500 mm;对于9#孔道,样品布置高度可适当增至600 mm。     

组合式核测量探测器研究

通过合理组合涂硼计数管和γ补偿电离室,在计算机辅助分析和改进涂硼技术的基础上,研制能够覆盖反应堆中子通量的全量程中子核测量探测器。该探测器保持了计数管和电离室的灵敏度,可减少堆外探测孔道和探测器数量,为源区中子测量的准确性和可靠性提供冗余通道,确保反应堆临界安全和核安全。     

HFETR入单晶硅的反应性扰动分析

单晶硅由辐照孔道进入高通量工程试验堆(HFETR)堆芯时会引入反应性扰动和影响局部的中子注量分布。本文使用蒙特卡洛核粒子输运程序(MCNP5)和蒙特卡洛核粒子输运扩展程序(MCNPX2.6)耦合建立了HFETR数学计算模型,通过临界计算验证了模型的可用性,模拟计算了不同质量单晶硅由8#辐照孔道进入堆芯所引入的阶跃反应性扰动,并分析了8 kg单晶硅由8#辐照孔道入堆对邻近电离室孔道内轴向中子注量分布的扰动情况。研究结果表明,单晶硅入堆所引入的反应性扰动很小,符合安全要求,对邻近电离室孔道内局部的中子注量分布存在一定影响,可能会对相应的中子探测仪表产生干扰。     

CARR垂直孔道简介

CARR堆本体中设计有各类实验孔道(水平孔道和垂直孔道),以满足燃料元件和结构材料的辐照考验、各种放射性同位素辐照生产、单晶硅中子掺杂、中子物理实验研究、中子活化分析研究、中子散射实验、中子照相、在线同位素分离器研究等科研活动的需求。 CARR中垂直孔道共计22根,包括     

瞬发伽玛活化分析中3种探测器性能比较

利用中国先进研究堆(CARR)热中子束流孔道首次开展了瞬发伽玛中子活化分析(PGNAA)实验。对NH4Cl、Si、Fe、Al等4种样品进行了辐照,同时采用HPGe、LaBr_3、BGO 3种探测器对样品进行实时测量,在瞬发伽玛射线的能量为0.002~10 MeV范围内研究了3种探测器在宽能区的能量线性、能量分辨率、探测效率等性能。     

中国先进研究堆(CARR)应用设计及其规划

中国先进研究堆(CARR)是一座多用途、高性能指标的研究堆,CARR采用反中子阱型堆芯结构,便于提供更多的空间进行水平中子束流孔道和垂直辐照孔道的布置,满足多用途的需要。CARR综合应用研究平台建成后,具备开展中子敢射实验研究、燃料和材料性能研究、在线中子活化分析、中子照相、硼中子俘获治疗癌症、放射性同位素及单晶硅中子掺杂研发以及核能和核技术人才教育培训等的能力。本文就CARR可能开展的主要应用以及与应用有关的物理设计、结构设计及配套系统设计进行了简要介绍。     

HFETR材料辐照精细中子注量率谱研究

采用蒙特卡洛程序(MCNP)模拟计算高通量工程试验堆(HFETR)典型辐照孔道内样品精细中子注量率谱,包括轴向、径向中子注量率谱及172群中子能谱,分析其特点和变化规律,同时比较辐照孔道填充不同材料时的中子能谱。结果表明:不同孔道辐照相同材料及同一孔道辐照不同材料时,所得的能谱分布趋势和特点比较一致。在高能区,中子能谱近似为于裂变中子谱分布;在慢化能区,近似为费米谱分布;而在热能区,近似为麦克斯韦谱分布。     

岷江试验堆Q15孔道中子谱测量试验的研究

为了确定岷江试验堆(简称MJTR)堆芯铍反射层内中子能量E >1.0MeV的快中子注量率,采用一组中子探测片测量了岷江试验堆内第一层铍反射层外Q15孔道内的快中子注量率谱,并由测量谱求得各阈能探测片的快中子反应的谱平均截面和该孔道测量点位置的快中子注量率。结果表明,铍反射层内快中子(E>1.0MeV)注量率为1.985×1012 cm-2·s-1,MJTR每运行一段,铍反射层内快中子(E>1.0MeV)积分注量最大可达1.54×1018cm-2。通过本次试验研究,为更好的开发利用MJTR提供了试验依据。     

HFETR辐照石墨材料中子注量验证试验

钍基熔盐堆石墨材料辐照考验目标为:中子注量为5×10~(20)cm~(-2)(±15%)(E>0.1 Me V),堆内辐照试验温度650℃(允许偏差±50℃)。为了满足辐照考验要求,在高通量工程试验反应堆(HFETR)第92-I炉的K07孔道进行辐照验证试验。该验证试验辐照装置采用分段构成的型式,主要由辅助密封段、辐照试验段、气管组件3部分构成,辐照罐外围为去离子水,辐照罐内为惰性气体用于控制辐照试验温度。使用MCNP程序对各样品中子注量进行预示计算,同时在辐照装置阳面和阴面都布置了探测器进行中子注量测量。试验表明:在辐照试验过程中,在辐照装置调气系统最佳导热模式下辐照温度略高于上限700℃;利用MCNP程序预示计算中子注量结果为5.7×10~(20)cm~(-2)(E>0.1 Me V),而中子注量测量结果为4.83×10~(20)cm~(-2)(E>0.1 Me V),基本满足石墨材料辐照考验中子注量要求。     

Identification of radiation treatment of wheat （Triticum aestivum. L）and rice （Oryza sativa. L） samples using thermoluminescence of contaminating minerals

Food irradiation is gaining popularity worldwide and this technology is important to improve quality and reduce the post harvest losses of food. Because of the rapid commercialization of irradiated foods throughout the world, compliance of different regulations relating to use of technology in different countries and demand of consumers for clear labelling of irradiated foods, there is need for the development of analytical methods to detect radiation treatment of food. Among several methods studied so far, thermoluminescence （TL） is an important method that can be used to find out the irradiation history of food that contain even a very minute amount of dust particles. In this study, the irradiated and unirradiated wheat and rice samples were analyzed using the TL method. The samples were purchased from the local market of Peshawar and irradiated to radiation doses of 0.5 and 1.0 kGy using Co-60 gamma irradiator at the Nuclear Institute for Food and Agriculture （NIFA）, Peshawar. The mineral contaminants were isolated by jet water, ultrasonic treatment, and density gradient. TL glow curves of the isolated minerals from irradiated and unirradiated samples were recorded between the temperature ranges of 50-500℃ using a TL reader. Generally, the glow curves for irradiated samples showed much higher TL intensities （TL1） than the unirradiated samples. The results were normalized by rerradiation of mineral samples to gamma-ray dose of 1.0 kGy followed by determination of the second glow curves （TL2）. The ratio of the area of first glow curve to that of second glow curve （TL1/TL2） was calculated for selected temperature intervals and compared with the recommended values for unirradiated and irradiated samples. Finally, the shapes of the glow curves for irradiated and unirradiated samples were also analyzed. On the basis of these results （comparison of TL-intensities, TL1/TL2 ratios and shapes of the glow curves）, all the irradiated and unirradiated samples of wheat and rice were unequivocally identified.     

有效探测面积大于1000 cm2的正比计数器测量系统性能测试

为对自制的活性面积高达1 000 cm²的大面积源进行表面发射率定值,同时作为现有2πα、2πβ表面发射率标准装置能力的扩充,研制了一套内置式大面积2π多丝正比计数器测量系统,并利用活性区直径为8 mm的²⁴¹Am点源及活性区面积为10 cm×15 cm的大面积²⁴¹Am和⁹⁰Sr-⁹⁰Y源对其进行计量学性能测试。结果表明：计数器内计数响应均匀性优于±0.4%,有效探测面积达1 400 cm²;所得²⁴¹Am源高压坪曲线的坪长为1 400 V,坪斜为0.27%/100 V,坪区内计数变化为0.87%;⁹⁰Sr-⁹⁰Y源高压坪曲线的坪长为300 V,坪斜为0.75%/100 V,坪区内计数变化为0.80%;10次测量重复性好于0.4%,8 h内短期稳定性好于0.3%,1 a内长期稳定性好于0.8%。     

Preparation of Zn/TiO2 powder and its photocatalytic performance for oxidation of P-nitrophenol

Zn-doped TiO2 catalysts were prepared using a sol-gel method and characterized by XPS,UV-Vis, BET, XRD in this study. Under the irradiation of simulant sunlight, the photocatalytic activity for the degradation of p-nitrophenol was studied too. After irradiation for 2.5 h, the degradation percentage of p-nitrophenol could rise to more than 80 %. The results showed that the spectrum absorption band edge of Zn/TiO2 powder does not broaden obviously comparing with pure TiO2 powder. Zinc exists as Zn （11）. When calcined at 973 K, there is a new phase as ZnTiO3 in Zn/TiO2 catalyst. The order of photocatalytic activity of Zn/TiO2 catalysts calcined at different temperatures for p-nitrophenol is 773 K 〉 673 K 〉 873 K 〉 573 K 〉 973 K and the photocatalytic activity of Zn/TiO2 catalyst calcined at 773 K is better than TiO2 catalysts heated at the same temperature, and outclasses that of commercial TiO2 catalyst. It also showed that the photocatalytic degradation of p-nitrophenol follows first-order kinetics under the irradiation of simulant sunlight.     

Current status of radiation therapy for prostate cancer

Radiotherapy for the treatment of prostate cancer has been extensively explored in the past. Along with the comprehensive understanding of the biology of prostate cancer and rapid advances in terms of technology, the out- come of treatment for the patients with prostate cancer has improved. The authors review radiotherapy as the primary treatment for the disease, with particular emphasis on the technological advances from both the radiobiological and radiophysics aspects. Nonconventional fractionated irradiation like hyper- or hypo-fractionation has been imple- mented in the clinic, the final results still need to be confirmed in the future. Technological advances like IMRT, IGRT, in the last two decades have significantly improved the delivery of external radiotherapy to the prostate. This has re- sulted in an overall increase in the total dose that can be safely delivered to the prostate, which has led to modest im- provements in the biochemical outcome. However, establishing the standard therapy for prostate cancer remains con- troversial. It is hoped that the next decades will bring continued advances in the development of biologicals that will further improve current clinical outcomes.     

The control system for SSRF injection and extraction

This paper introduces the injection and extraction control system design for SSRF,which is a distributed control system aimed at stability and reliability of the pulse power supplies,PPS(Personnel Protection System)and MPS(Machine Protection System).The hardware environment is mainly based on PLC(Programmable Logic Con- troller),and ARM(Advanced RISC Machine)is also applied for studying stability of the power supplies.WinCC and EPICS(Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System)have been selected as the platforms of SCADA(Super- visory Control and Data Acquisition).For unifying the interfacing to the control computer,all front-end equipments are connected via Industrial Ethemet.     

Interaction between uranium and humic acid (Ⅰ): Adsorption behaviors of U(Ⅵ) in soil humic acids

The adsorption behaviors of uranium on three soil humic acids (HAs), which were extracted from soils of different depths at the same site, were investigated under various experimental conditions. The adsorption results showed that U(Ⅵ) in solutions can be adsorbed by the three soil HAs, with the order of FHA (HA from 5 m depth of soil) ＞SHA (HA from the surface) ＞THA (HA from 10 m depth of soil) for adsorption efficiency in each desirable condition, and the adsorption reached equilibrium in about 240 min. Although the maximum adsorption efficiency was adsorption could be described with Langmiur isotherm or Freundlich isotherm equation. The L/S (liquid/solid, mL/g)ratio and pH were important factors influencing the adsorption in our adsorption system besides uranium concentration. The adsorption efficiency decreased with the increase of the L/S ratio and pH at the pH range of 2.0-3.0 for SHA and THA or 2.5 - 6.0 for FHA. However, no significant difference in adsorption of U(Ⅵ) was observed at the experimental temperature. All the results implied that humic substances have different characteristics in samples even collected at the same site.     

水平管内含空气蒸汽强制对流冷凝换热模型研究

为研究含空气蒸汽在水平管内强制对流冷凝换热特性,基于对传热传质过程的分析,建立了管内为环状流与波状流条件下的流动冷凝换热模型。从潜热、显热和液膜3个环节对整个换热过程进行建模,最终得到计算局部冷凝换热系数的理论关系式。模型预测结果与实验数据的对比表明,二者相对偏差在±20%以内,验证了该换热模型的准确性与适用性。通过进一步的研究发现：从换热管入口至出口,随着冷凝的进行,管内换热主要热阻由液膜热阻向气液界面的凝结热阻转变;主流气体对流换热过程基本可忽略。     

Information for authors

<正>1.NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND TECHNIQUES(NST),a bimonthly journal,is devoted to all aspects of nuclear science and technology,theoretical or experimental.Its special interest lies in the subjects of synchrotron radiation science and technology;low energy accelerators,radiation technology and applications;radiochemistry,radiopharmaceuticals and nuclear medicine;nuclear electronics and instrumen-     

PLASMA SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY AUTHOR INDEX TO VOLUME 16(2014)

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Web Services interface of SSRF archive data analysis system

Accelerator database stores various static parameters and real-time data of accelerator. SSRF (Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility) adopts relational database to save the data. We developed a data retrieval system based on XML Web Services for accessing the archive data. It includes a bottom layer interface and an interface applicable for accelerator physics. Client samples exemplifying how to consume the interface are given. The users can browse, retrieve and plot data by the client samples. Also, we give a method to test its stability. The test result and performance are described.