承德伊逊河钒钛磁铁矿小流域土壤重金属地球化学基线及生态风险累积效应

以承德市伊逊河红旗钒钛磁铁矿小流域为例,通过参比元素标准化法、垂向剖面似背景值法确定小流域矿集区土壤12种重金属的地球化学基线,并与不同空间尺度流域的重金属地球化学基线进行对比;采用确定的基线值结合地累积指数法、地统计学、生态风险指数法和GIS叠加法对流域土壤重金属潜在生态风险和累积程度进行了评价.结果表明:钒钛磁铁矿...     

基于多种方法的土壤重金属污染风险评价对比——以江汉平原典型场区为例

以江汉平原典型场区周边农田土壤为研究对象,分析了土壤重金属元素Cd、Pb、As、Hg的总量和赋存形态特征,选用修正单项污染指数法、潜在生态风险指数法、风险评估编码法(RAC)和次生相与原生相比值法(RSP)四种评价方法开展了土壤重金属的污染风险评价,并对评价结果进行了对比讨论。分析结果表明:（1）基于总量的两种方法对比,潜在生态风险指数法优于修正单项污染指数法。（2）基于形态的两种方法对比,RAC法的评价结果比RSP法更为合理。（3）基于总量和形态方法对比,潜在生态风险指数法和RAC法各有其优缺点,潜在生态风险指数法能直观反映重金属在土壤中的富集信息和环境危害性,而RAC法则可以利用形态来阐明重金属在土壤环境中的行为特性和生态活性。因此,在进行土壤重金属污染风险评价时,综合考虑重金属种类、累积程度、生物毒性和生物可利用性等参数指标,才能更加科学准确地评估重金属在土壤中的环境风险。综合上述评价结果,江汉平原典型场区周边农田土壤重金属元素Pb、As污染程度较低,对周边环境无影响;重金属元素Hg累积程度不高,但由于其具有较高的生物毒性,对周边环境存在潜在威胁;重金属元素Cd是研究区最主要的污染因子,对周边环境影响大,亟需采取相应措施减轻Cd带来的风险。     

山区小流域矿集区土壤重金属污染生态风险评价基准与模型

【研究目的】矿集区小流域属重金属天然高背景区,传统重金属污染评价的统一基准值或标准值已不能满足矿山生态环境监管过程中生态环境服务功能影响评价和矿区恢复治理、土壤污染修复要求;以地球系统科学理论指导开展山区矿集区重金属污染调查评价具有重要意义。【研究方法】本文阐述了以小流域为单元评价山区土壤重金属污染的必要性,对矿集区土壤重金属污染生态风险评价的基准确定与模型方法进行了系统总结。【研究结果】山区矿集区土壤重金属污染与生态风险评价的关键在于调查评价单元的划分,评价基准——地球化学基线的厘定和评价数学模型的确定。【结论】本文梳理了矿集区重金属污染评价基准的三类确定方法：环境质量标准法、地球化学基线法和生态效应法;论述了重金属污染与生态风险评价模型的分类和发展现状及各模型的优缺点及其适用性,评价模型主要有一般指数法、模型指数法和考虑生物有效性与健康风险的评价方法;展望了流域地球关键带调查监测技术框架下的小流域矿集区土壤重金属基线调查评价新技术、新方法的应用,以期为确定已扰动环境下重金属环境地球化学基线特征,回溯土壤环境重金属本底特征,揭示土壤重金属元素的污染来源和迁移转化机制,流域生态环境污染...     

北京市海淀区某些重点企业周边表层土壤重金属污染风险评价与变化趋势研究

采用单因子指数法、内梅罗综合污染指数法、地累积指数法与潜在生态危害指数法对2018—2020年海淀区重点企业周边表层土壤样品中8项重金属元素全含量进行污染、累积与生态风险评价,浅析重金属累积来源及变化趋势.结果表明,PN最大值为0.55,低于0.7,土壤环境质量为安全等级.Cr、Cu、Zn、Hg、As为主要累积元素,Cu、Zn、Pb、Hg、Ni两两之间存在极显著相关性,Cr与其他元素相关性相对较弱.分析土壤中Cr累积主要受成土母质影响,Hg累积主要为点源污染造成.土壤中重金属全含量各年均值变化趋势平稳,仅个别企业周边土壤潜在生态风险相对略高,建议加强企业内部和周边土壤监测等.     

北京市海淀区某些重点企业周边表层土壤重金属污染风险评价与变化趋势研究

采用单因子指数法、内梅罗综合污染指数法、地累积指数法与潜在生态危害指数法对2018—2020年海淀区重点企业周边表层土壤样品中8项重金属元素全含量进行污染、累积与生态风险评价,浅析重金属累积来源及变化趋势.结果表明,PN最大值为0.55,低于0.7,土壤环境质量为安全等级.Cr、Cu、Zn、Hg、As为主要累积元素,Cu、Zn、Pb、Hg、Ni两两之间存在极显著相关性,Cr与其他元素相关性相对较弱.分析土壤中Cr累积主要受成土母质影响,Hg累积主要为点源污染造成.土壤中重金属全含量各年均值变化趋势平稳,仅个别企业周边土壤潜在生态风险相对略高,建议加强企业内部和周边土壤监测等.     

锦州市土壤重金属污染特征及生态风险评价

以锦州市为研究区,分析8种土壤重金属As、Cd、Hg、Cr、Cu、Pb、Zn、Ni的污染特征,采用单因子污染指数法、地累积指数法、内梅罗综合指数法和Hakanson潜在生态风险指数法确定锦州市土壤重金属污染程度,评价土壤重金属潜在生态风险.结果表明,锦州市土壤重金属Cd和Cr含量高于全国土壤及辽宁省土壤背景值,Cu、Hg、Ni和Pb含量高于辽宁省土壤背景值.采用单因子污染指数评价,Cd为中度污染,Hg、Pb、Cr、Ni和Cu为轻度污染.经地累积指数法评价,Cd为轻中度污染,其他重金属为无污染.内梅罗综合污染指数平均值为2.25,为中度污染等级.研究区综合潜在风险指数平均值为157.34,处于中等生态风险,造成局部地区土壤潜在生态风险较高的重金属为Cd和Hg.     

土壤重金属地球化学特征及环境评价——以张北县二台镇为例

张家口北部坝上草原地区属于典型的半干旱草原牧区, 近年来受到人为活动影响, 土地荒漠化加剧, 草原生态系统受损严重。本研究依据张北县二台镇土地利用现状边界布设了136个土壤采样点, 测定了土壤21个指标。运用主成分分析法与GIS空间插值(IDW)方法来分析土壤中重金属元素的空间迁移富集与分异机理, 并采用地累积指数法、潜在生态危害指数法对表层土壤9种重金属元素(Cd、Hg、Mn、Cr、Cu、Pb、Zn、Ni和As)污染程度、生态风险进行评价。结果显示: 研究区9种重金属元素土壤环境质量单指标等级评价以一等、低风险土壤为主。根据因子分析和主成分分析, Hg、Pb受人类活动及成土母质控制, 其余7种元素均受成土母质的控制。地累积指数结果显示, 9种重金属元素除Hg以外地累积指数均小于0, 总体为无污染等级, Hg为中污染等级。潜在生态危害指数结果显示Hg和Cd为潜在危害元素, 其中Hg整体达到很强生态危害程度, Cd达到中等生态危害程度, 其他元素为轻微生态危害程度。重金属综合生态危害指数(RI)表明在研究区七间窑村—哈拉勿素村以西地区为中等生态危害风险区, 其余地区为轻微生态危害风险区。     

赣南离子吸附型稀土矿区土壤重金属形态分布特征及生态风险评价

稀土矿的露天开采易造成土壤重金属污染等环境问题。已有研究表明赣南离子吸附型稀土矿区土壤存在以Cd、Pb为主的轻、中度重金属污染。常见环境质量评价以主要污染因子(如重金属总量)作为衡量污染程度的指标,仅能反映重金属的富集程度。为查明赣南稀土矿区土壤重金属的赋存状态、迁移能力以及生物有效性,本文在利用电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)测定土壤重金属各形态含量的基础上,采用地累积指数法、潜在生态危害指数法及RAC风险评价法对赣南稀土矿区土壤重金属的生态风险进行评价。结果表明:(1)研究区土壤重金属主要以残渣态存在,占总量的65.5%。(2)土壤样品中Cd、Pb含量平均值分别是江西省土壤背景值的1.72倍和2.14倍;流域内位于矿山下游河流沿岸农田土壤Cd的平均值、尾矿库附近农田Pb的平均值分别是土壤背景值的2.33倍和3.06倍,22.7%样品的Cd或Pb含量超过风险筛选值,其中可交换态所占比例仅次于残渣态,分别占总量的47.1%和13.5%。(3)地累积指数与潜在生态风险评价结果表明Cd、Pb累积程度及生态风险水平较高,Co、Ni、Cu、Zn较低;RAC风险评价结果显示Cd生态风险较高,Co、Zn、Pb生态风险中等,Cu、Ni生态风险低。(4)针对矿区农田土壤的三种评价方法各有侧重,其评价结果异中有同,均表明研究区土壤Cd具有较高的污染程度和迁移活性,生态风险较高。本研究结果将为识别稀土矿周边农田土壤的潜在环境风险,提出有效的防范、应急与减缓措施提供科学依据。     

豫西金矿集区矿业活动对周边农田土壤重金属影响研究

矿业活动会促进重金属向生态系统扩散,并在周边农田土壤中累积而引发潜在生态风险。豫西金矿集区矿业生产历史悠久,但在长期的矿产资源开采、选冶、加工生产过程中,缺乏对矿区周边农田土壤重金属元素的累积、空间分布和生态风险的关注,矿业活动对环境的影响程度尚不清楚。为掌握该矿集区矿业活动对周边农田土壤重金属的影响程度,支撑服务矿集区生态修复和周边农业安全生产,本文在金矿集区周边农田采集375件土壤样品,采用冷蒸气原子荧光光谱法(CV-AFS)、氢化物发生原子荧光光谱法(HG-AFS)、电感耦合等离子体发射光谱/质谱法(ICP-OES/MS)检测了样品中Cu、Pb、Zn、Ni、As、Hg、Cd、Cr重金属元素含量。用地累积指数法和潜在生态风险指数法研究了矿集区周边农田土壤中重金属元素的累积特征、空间分布和生态风险,分析评价了矿集区矿业活动对周边农田土壤重金属的影响。研究结果表明：(1)矿集区周边农田土壤中Cu、Pb、Zn、Ni、As、Hg、Cd、Cr含量平均值都低于国家农田土壤重金属污染风险筛选值,但均高于背景值,分别是背景值的1.47、3.24、2.06、1.05、1.03、1.52、2.77、1...     

西安市公园土壤重金属元素含量水平及风险评价

利用X-Ray荧光光谱仪对西安市城市公园表层土壤的Pb、Cu、Zn、Cr、Mn、As的质量分数进行了分析,阐明了这几种重金属元素的分布特征,并用内梅罗综合污染指数法和潜在生态风险指数法对其进行了评价.结果表明,As在个别公园呈现富积;Zn和Mn普遍存在一定程度的富积;Cu、Pb在公园内的累积程度相对较大.西安市公园土壤重金属元素属于中等污染,其潜在生态风险处于中等水平,各重金属元素的潜在生态风险系数大小顺序为Pb=As>Cu>Cr>Mn>Zn.     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

NONMETALS DEPOSITS

正20141520 Bo Ying(Key Laboratory of Metallogeny and Mineral Assessment,MLR,Beijing 100037,China);Liu Chenglin Saline Spring Hydrochemical Characteristics and Indicators for Potassium Exploration in Southwestern and Northern Tarim Basin,Xinjiang(Acta Geoscientica Sinica,ISSN1006-3021,CN11-3474/P,34(5),2013,p.594-602,5 illus.,3 tables,28 refs.)     

MATHEMATICAL GEOLOGY

正20141243Chen Ge(Hangzhou Research Institute of Petroleum Geology,PetroChina,Hangzhou 310023,China);Si Chunsong Study on Sedimentary Numerical Simulation Method of Fan Delta Sand Body(Journal of Geology,     

PROSPECTING EXPLORATION

正20142599Chen Sanming(Guangxi Key Laboratory of Concealed Deposits Exploration,Guilin University of Technology,Guilin541004,China);He Yuzhou Block Model and Reserves Estimation of Panzhihua Iron Deposit Based on 3D Geological Modeling(Journal of Guilin University of Technology,ISSN1674-9057,CN45-1375/N,33(4),2013,p.610-615,9illus.,1table,15refs.)     

STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY

正20140594 Bai Daoyuan(Hunan Institute of Geology Survey,Changsha 410016,China);Zhong Xiang Faults in the Jingzhou Basin and Their Tectonic Settings(Geotectonica et Metallogenia,ISSN1001-1552,CN44-1595/P,37(2),2013,p.173-183,6illus.,59refs.)Key words:basin evolution,tectonic setting,South China In the Upper Paleozoic and Jurassic se-     

STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY

正20141912Cao Hui(State Key Laboratory for Continental Tectonics and Dynamics,Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing 100037,China)Gravitational Collapse and Folding during Orogenesis:A Comparative Study of FIA Trends and Fold Axial Plane Traces(Geology in China,ISSN1000-3657,CN11-1167/P,40(6),2013,p.1818-1828,9illus.,35refs.,with