回火工艺对M42-X32双金属带锯条组织及性能的影响

对M42-X32双金属带锯条进行了回火处理试验,研究了回火温度对带锯条显微组织及性能的影响规律。结果表明,随着回火温度的升高,齿尖硬度和齿背硬度下降,疲劳寿命提高。高的回火温度使齿尖材料和齿背材料中的碳原子析出、长大,固溶强化效果降低,弥散强化减弱,导致了带锯条硬度的下降,但是提高了疲劳性能。     

曲轴断裂原因分析

对断裂的曲轴进行了化学成分、金相、显微硬度、扫描电镜等分析,结果表明:断裂为疲劳断裂,裂纹起源于内孔表面的淬火裂纹和粗糙的内孔璧:材料中较多的疏松和偏析等缺陷降低了材料的疲劳性能,疲劳裂纹易于扩展,从而导致曲轴的断裂.     

激光熔覆Co-Cr-W合金涂层组织及热疲劳性能

针对钢质热负荷部件易产生热疲劳损伤的问题,采用同步送粉激光熔覆工艺,在活塞用中碳钢38Mn VS6表面制备了Co-Cr-W抗热疲劳合金涂层。利用光学显微镜、SEM、EDS及XRD对熔覆层显微组织和成分分布进行了分析,利用显微硬度计和实验室开发的激光热疲劳实验平台对熔覆层的显微硬度和热疲劳性能进行了测试。结果表明,熔覆层与基体冶金结合,无气孔、裂纹等缺陷。由于固溶强化、弥散强化效应,熔覆层具有较高的强度。送粉率为5.9 g/min时,涂层显微硬度在530~590 HV0.1之间,是基体硬度的2倍左右;熔覆层试样抗热疲劳性能相较于基体材料试样得到了显著的提高。     

车轴表面裂纹缺陷分析

针对铁路货车车轴在检修过程中出现的表面磁探裂纹情况,通过ARL4460火花直读光谱仪、拉伸试验机、扫描电镜、光学显微镜和能谱仪等对车轴化学成分、力学性能、断口形貌、显微组织和显微硬度进行了分析,研究车轴表面裂纹的形成原因及机理。结果表明,火车轴裂纹性质系过渡圆角处组织发生马氏体相变形成的疲劳裂纹,属车轴表面在打磨过程中,由于打磨工艺不当,造成局部烧伤,从而产生裂纹。     

某型发动机高压压气机叶片开裂原因分析

某发动机高压压气机GH150合金叶片在进行振动疲劳试验时发生开裂,为分析叶片开裂原因,对开裂叶片进行了外观检查、断口宏微观观察、能谱分析、显微组织检查和硬度测试.结果表明,叶片的断裂性质为弯曲振动疲劳.开裂叶片的显微组织和硬度均符合技术要求,叶片的开裂与原材料质量无关.三片叶片的开裂与叶身表面存在氧化缺陷、表面晶界弱化、加工质量不好以及在轧制过程中形成的微小裂纹等加工缺陷有关.缺陷起到疲劳源的作用,从而使叶片很快萌生裂纹并扩展.通过严格控制轧制工艺参数、表面抛磨时的工作液质量和磨料形状,有效的解决了叶片表面存在缺陷的问题,从而保证了叶片的质量.     

23CrNi3Mo钢钎具断裂失效分析

采用扫描电镜和光学显微镜观察了不同类型23CrNi3Mo钢钎具疲劳破坏缺陷试样断裂形貌及显微组织,分析讨论了缺陷试样失效的原因。结果表明,高疲劳寿命的阿特拉斯钎尾缺陷试样在疲劳源裂纹萌生、扩展过程中,塑性变形特征明显,表明其具有良好的抵抗疲劳裂纹扩展能力,而国内潜孔钻头试样脆性断裂特征明显。两种缺陷试样表面均为高硬度渗碳马氏体层,但阿特拉斯钎尾缺陷试样渗碳层与基体组织的下贝氏体过渡区域较宽,基体以贝氏体组织为主,硬度梯度过渡平缓,具有良好的强度与韧性匹配;而国内潜孔钻头试样的过渡区域较窄,基体是马氏体组织。可见合理的硬度梯度分布对钎具钢强韧性匹配和疲劳寿命影响很大。     

M5-36-11No.20.5D风机轴断裂分析

通过观察断裂风机轴裂纹宏观和微观形貌 ,检验化学成分、显微硬度等方法对风机轴断裂的原因进行了分析。结果表明 ,风机轴断裂是由于轴表面焊接缺陷引起的低应力疲劳断裂     

数控机床45钢转轴断裂失效分析研究

采用化学成分、力学性能、宏观和微观形貌、低倍组织、金相组织和显微维氏硬度测试等手段,对数控机床45钢转轴进行了断裂原因分析。结果表明,从化学成分和常温拉伸力学性能上来看,转轴基材符合国标对45钢的要求;旋转弯曲疲劳断裂是数控机床转轴的断裂模式;疲劳裂纹起源于表面微裂纹缺陷处,焊接后转轴内部微裂纹的产生以及严重的组织缺陷和内应力的存在,是转轴发生疲劳断裂的重要原因。     

双金属带锯条失效原因分析

针对双金属带锯条在热处理和使用过程中出现的质量问题,即在齿背弹簧钢中出现疲劳裂纹和断裂,及使用过程中齿尖M42高速钢耐磨性不足的现象,对双金属带锯条进行检测分析。发现齿尖M42高速钢中存在大颗粒的未溶碳化物,且碳化物大小不均匀,并且齿尖边缘部位组织粗大,存在脱碳,这是齿尖耐磨性不足的主要原因;背部弹簧钢中存在夹杂物,形成应力集中而产生微裂纹,在周期性复杂应力作用下产生疲劳裂纹,这是锯条失效的主要原因。     

自动扶梯驱动链断裂分析

自动扶梯驱动链在使用中断裂。通过宏观断口分析、扫描电镜、光学显微镜、硬度测试等手段分析了该驱动链断裂的原因。结果表明,驱动链的断裂为疲劳断裂,裂纹的萌生与表面残留沟槽等缺陷及与长期服役过程中驱动链表面受到的损伤有关。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

An Easy Way to Quantify the Adhesion Energy of Nanostructured Cu/X(X=Cr,Ta,Mo,Nb,Zr) Multilayer Films Adherent to Polyimide Substrates

An approach based on film buckling under simple uniaxial tensile testing was utilized in this paper to quantitatively estimate the interfacial energy of the nanostructured multilayer films(NMFs) adherent to flexible substrates. The interfacial energies of polyimide-supported NMFs are determined to be *5.0 J/m2 for Cu/Cr, *4.1 J/m2 for Cu/Ta,*2.8 J/m2 for Cu/Mo, *1.1 J/m2 for Cu/Nb, and *1.2 J/m2 for Cu/Zr NMFs. Furthermore, a linear relationship between the adhesion energy and the interfacial shear strength is clearly demonstrated for the Cu-based NMFs, which is highly indicative of the applicability and reliability of the modified models.     

High-Speed Friction Stir Welding of SiC_p/Al–Mg–Si–Cu Composite

A 17 vol% SiCp/Al–Mg–Si–Cu composite plate with a thickness of 3 mm was successfully friction stir welded(FSWed) at a very high welding speed of 2000 mm/min for the first time. Microstructural observation indicated that the coarsening of the precipitates was greatly inhibited in the heat-affected zone of the FSW joint at high welding speed, due to the significantly reduced peak temperature and duration at high temperature. Therefore, prominent enhancement of the hardness was achieved at the lowest hardness zone of the FSW joint at this high welding speed, which was similar to that of the nugget zone. Furthermore, the ultimate tensile strength of the joint was as high as 369 MPa, which was much higher than that obtained at low welding speed of 100 mm/min(298 MPa). This study provides an effective method to weld aluminum matrix composite with superior quality and high welding efficiency.