纳米比亚罗辛地区白岗岩型铀矿成因研究

纳米比亚罗辛地区白岗岩型铀矿床产于白岗岩穹窿边部白岗岩与达玛拉基底变质岩内外接触带,以及变质岩片理、褶皱、转折等部位.已有矿床晶质铀矿年龄介于494～508Ma之间,既是D、E两期白岗岩重熔年龄,也是近水平方向韧性剪切变形活动时代.白岗岩型铀矿床铀矿物以晶质铀矿、钍铀矿、钛铀矿为主,晶质铀矿及伴生的锆石、独居石等矿物具有全自形或半自形晶粒状结构、浸染状构造,具有岩浆分异结晶特征.铀铅同位素示踪分析表明铀来自达玛拉基底岩系和A、B、F期白岗岩.含矿的D、E白岗岩是基底变质岩和早期白岗岩部分重熔形成的.以晶质铀矿为主的白岗岩型铀矿床是在达玛拉造山期岩浆形成演化阶段,由结晶分异作用形成铀预富集基础上,在造山期后韧性变形作用下白岗岩再次重熔富集成矿的.     

纳米比亚罗辛铀矿床地质特征、地球化学特征及成矿模式

白岗岩型铀矿是一种非常重要的岩浆型矿床,主要产于纳米比亚。罗辛铀矿是白岗岩型铀矿的典型矿床,该矿床目前仍是全球铀资源的主要提供者之一。文章对前人研究成果进行分析总结,概括了罗辛铀矿的区域地质背景和岩石地层系统,分析了铀矿床地质特征及矿床成因。研究认为:罗辛铀矿床形成时间为(508±2)Ma;铀的赋存以独立铀矿物为主,少量以类质同像形式存在于钍矿物中;含铀白岗岩相对富集大离子亲石元素Rb,K,Th,U和Pb,而相对亏损Ba,Nb,Sr,P和Ti;穹窿构造为岩体侵位成矿提供了空间,而岩浆的重熔结晶作用使得铀进入岩浆,并在局部富集成矿。     

柴北缘查查香卡铀-钍-铌-稀土矿床地质特征及矿床成因:一种与钠长岩相关的新矿化类型

青海查查香卡铀-钍-铌-稀土矿床位于柴达木盆地北缘的柴达木—阿尔金超高压变质杂岩带东端,是中国发现的首例与钠长细晶岩脉相关的铀-钍-铌-稀土多金属成矿系统。矿化主要分为两类:脉状矿化和微细浸染脉状矿化。脉状矿化即为钠长岩脉;微细浸染脉状矿化是以微细浸染细脉产于绿片岩围岩中的矿化类型。详细的矿物学工作研究表明查查香卡矿床可初步划分为岩浆、热液主成矿和成矿后3个阶段。岩浆阶段以发育"水滴状"铀-钍-铌矿物(晶质铀矿、铀钍矿、钍石、维铌钙矿等)包体为典型特征,产于最主要的造岩矿物钠长石中;热液主成矿阶段主要以稀土矿化为主,伴随铌和钍矿化作用,矿石矿物包括褐帘石、氟碳铈矿、钍石、含铌榍石(?)、锆石等,与磷灰石、方解石、绿泥石、石英等中低温脉石矿物普遍共生;成矿后阶段以广泛出现的方解石±石英网脉为特征。通过矿物学研究和主微量元素数据的综合分析,初步认为钠长岩脉为岩浆-热液成因,源于富含稀土和铌等成矿元素的富集地幔部分熔融岩浆的演化;岩浆成矿作用过程中可能经历了硅酸盐熔体与碳酸盐/磷酸盐熔/流体的分离作用,但本矿床更为重要的成矿元素富集机制为硅酸盐熔体与富氯岩浆热液流体的不混溶作用,后者引发本矿床大规模的稀土成矿作用,并活化和再富集了铌和钍。钠长岩脉特征的红色形貌特征可作为此类矿床一个重要的野外找矿特征,根据类似成矿系统的成矿模式,认为矿床深部及外围隐伏区仍有较大的成矿潜力。     

纳米比亚欢乐谷地区白岗岩型铀矿矿物特征研究

本文通过系统的岩矿鉴定和电子探针分析,对纳米比亚欢乐谷地区白岗岩型铀矿的矿物特征进行了详细的研究.该地区铀的赋存形式以独立铀矿物为主,少量以类质同像形式存在于钍矿物中.铀矿物的主要种类有:晶质铀矿、钍铀矿、铀石、铀钍石、钛铀矿、沥青铀矿、硅钙铀矿和钒钾铀矿等,其中,晶质铀矿、钍铀矿和钛铀矿等原生铀矿物约占69％,而反应边状铀石、铀钍石、沥青铀矿、钒钾铀矿和硅钙铀矿等次生铀矿物约占31％.由此可见,该区铀矿化主要表现为原始岩浆的分异作用与后期热液改造作用的相互叠加,其热液改造程度不大,仅使铀发生内部再分配.     

白岗岩型铀矿床:构造和岩浆作用耦合的产物

以罗辛矿床为代表的白岗岩型铀矿是纳米比亚主要的铀矿床类型。白岗岩型铀矿集中产出在元古界达玛拉造山带中,含矿白岗岩是造山期后岩浆作用的产物。白岗岩易于侵入Nosib群罗辛组和可汗组地层中,但对地层没有绝对选择性,在整个Nosib群中都有发现矿化的可能。根据野外特征可将白岗岩分为6种,其中D型、E型是主要的含矿白岗岩,白岗岩具有成矿专属性。区域千岁兰(Welwitschia)断裂控制了白岗岩浆的侵位,其次级断裂以及片理、片麻理构造等为岩浆就位提供了有利张性空间。穹窿的转折部位是有利的成矿位置。构造和岩浆岩是重要的控矿因素,成矿是构造和岩浆作用耦合的结果,是一次构造-岩浆热事件。     

The Aiaskite-type Uranium Deposit： A Product of Coupling of Tectonism with Magmatism

以罗辛矿床为代表的白岗岩型铀矿是纳米比亚主要的铀矿床类型。白岗岩型铀矿集中产出在元古界达玛拉造山带中,含矿白岗岩是造山期后岩浆作用的产物。白岗岩易于侵入Nosib群罗辛组和可汗组地层中,但对地层没有绝对选择性,在整个Nosib群中都有发现矿化的可能。根据野外特征可将白岗岩分为6种,其中D型、E型是主要的含矿白岗岩,白岗岩具有成矿专属性。区域千岁兰（Welwitschia）断裂控制了白岗岩浆的侵位,其次级断裂以及片理、片麻理构造等为岩浆就位提供了有利张性空间。穹窿的转折部位是有利的成矿位置。构造和岩浆岩是重要的控矿因素,成矿是构造和岩浆作用耦合的结果,是一次构造一岩浆热事件。     

纳米比亚欢乐谷地区白岗岩型铀矿矿石结构构造及其成因意义

通过野外观察以及室内的岩矿鉴定、X射线衍射、QEMSCAN及电子探针分析手段,对纳米比亚欢乐谷地区白岗岩型铀矿矿石的矿物组成及其结构构造进行了详细的研究。该地区铀矿物主要有晶质铀矿、沥青铀矿、钍铀矿、钛铀矿、铌钛铀矿、铀烧绿石、黑稀金矿、硅钙铀矿、铀石和铀钍石。晶质铀矿、钍铀矿和铀钛氧化物的结构多为全自形或半自形晶粒状结构、浸染状构造,而沥青铀矿和铀硅酸盐则大部分为隐晶结构、交代残余结构以及脉状、细脉状构造。由此可见,该地区白岗岩型铀矿是由原始岩浆的结晶分异作用、后期热液的叠加改造作用及表生氧化作用共同作用的产物。     

小秦岭华阳川铀铌铅矿床蚀变矿化期次研究

华阳川铀铌铅矿床位于华北克拉通南缘小秦岭西段,是一个以铀铌为主,并伴生有铅的超大型综合矿床。根据含矿脉体的穿插关系、蚀变矿物组合及矿物共生关系,将华阳川铀铌铅矿床的成矿过程划分为伟晶岩期、碳酸岩期和碳酸盐化-硫化物期。伟晶岩期可细分为褐帘石阶段和钾长石-黑云母-角闪石化阶段;碳酸岩期可细分为霓辉石-磁铁矿阶段、角闪石-榍石-磷灰石阶段和独居石-褐帘石阶段;碳酸盐化-硫化物期可细分为黄铁矿-磁铁矿化阶段和方铅矿化阶段。铀铌矿化主要发育在伟晶岩期和碳酸岩期,铅矿化主要发育在碳酸盐化-硫化物期,晚于铀铌矿化形成。其中,伟晶岩期的钾长石-黑云母-角闪石组合、碳酸岩期的角闪石-榍石-磷灰石组合和独居石-褐帘石组合为矿区主要的富铀铌矿化组合,可作为富铀矿的找矿标志。结合华阳川含矿钾长石伟晶岩的锆石U-Pb定年研究和前人关于碳酸岩的年代学研究成果,推测华阳川存在两期铀铌成矿作用,分别为1.8 Ga和220 Ma±。     

纳米比亚湖山铀矿地质特征、控矿因素及其成因探讨

湖山铀矿位于泛非期达马拉造山带的南部中央区带内,构造以NNE-SSW向穹窿和断裂为主。矿区内地层自老至新为艾杜西斯组、可汗组、罗辛组、楚斯组、阿兰蒂斯组、卡里比布组和卡塞布组,侵入岩为寒武纪至晚新元古代花岗岩类。晶质铀矿为主要原生矿石矿物。后期热液叠加导致了铀石、硅钙铀矿和黄硅钾铀矿等热液矿物的形成以及高岭土化、蛇纹石化、绢云母化和绿泥石化等蚀变作用。矿床的形成受矿区地层、岩浆岩和构造联合控制,矿化仅发生于D和E型花岗岩内。矿化岩体呈席状侵入于NNE-SSW向湖山背斜转折端和翼部高应力区域,赋存于罗辛组与可汗组不整合接触带及其上部的罗辛组,少量赋存于楚斯组内。矿区内构造-岩浆事件可划分为四个阶段,铀成矿作用与第四阶段构造-岩浆事件密切相关,含矿D和E型花岗岩为后造山伸展环境下富铀阿巴比斯基底重熔形成。     

沙特阿拉伯Jabal Twalah地区铀/钍矿化特征与成矿机制

目前,沙特阿拉伯西北部Jabal Twalah地区铀钍资源勘查程度较低,对该地区的铀成矿机制研究相对薄弱.本文主要对该地区新发现的伟晶岩型和花岗岩热液型铀矿化带的矿化特征和成矿机制开展研究.区内与铀钍矿化相关的伟晶岩和围岩花岗岩中锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年龄分别为638.6±3.2 Ma和632.5±1.5 Ma,两者时代基本一致.综合岩相学、地球化学以及扫描电镜能谱分析等研究结果,发现矿化伟晶岩强烈富集U、Th、稀土及稀有金属元素,复杂的高温蚀变矿物组合特征暗示可能经历了岩浆期后热液的改造,改造前后矿化伟晶岩中的铀和钍未发生分离,以副矿物形式存在而无独立铀矿物,具岩浆矿物组合的特征,如金红石、锆石、氟碳铈矿、磷钇矿、钍石等.花岗岩热液型单铀矿化带的地表样品中铀矿物主要为硅铅铀矿和硅钙铀矿,脉石矿物主要为赤铁矿、萤石、石英以及少量方解石,铀矿化受控于高铀含量的碱性花岗岩、强烈硅化构造破碎带以及晚期酸性基性脉岩活动等因素.强烈硅化的构造破碎带及其转折部位或者与脉岩交汇部位是今后重要的找矿方向.     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861