CT80级非调质连续油管用钢的组织和性能控制

通过两种成分非调质CT80连续油管用钢现场生产板卷工艺组织性能对比,分析了冷却速度、卷取温度、Mo和Nb元素含量等工艺参数对实验钢组织性能的影响。结果表明:当冷却速度由52℃/s提高到69℃/s后,铁素体形态为针状铁素体,实验钢屈服强度提高25 MPa;抗拉强度提高30 MPa。实验钢在530℃卷取时,组织中出现了3%的珠光体组织,抗拉强度低于性能指标10 MPa。而在400℃卷取时,组织中出现了3%的块状马氏体组织,使得屈服强度低于性能指标20 MPa;抗拉强度提高到690MPa。Mo元素含量提高,促进针状铁素体转变,实验钢淬透性提高,有利于获得M/A岛组织,保证获得高强度低屈强比性能。Nb元素含量提高,细晶强化和析出强化作用更明显。     

非调质CT80连续油管用钢的控轧控冷工艺

利用Gleeble-1500热模拟试验机进行了控轧控冷热模拟试验,分析了非调质CT80连续油管用钢的精轧变形温度、冷却速度和卷取温度对试验钢组织与性能的影响规律。基于控轧控冷热模拟试验结果,设定了试验钢实验室轧制工艺,在终轧温度830℃、冷却速度46℃/s和卷取温度450℃轧制工艺条件下,获得了具有针状铁素体+贝氏体+少量M/A岛组织构成的成品钢板,其屈服强度620 MPa,抗拉强度754 MPa,伸长率29.2%,屈强比0.82,各项性能均满足CT80连续油管用钢力学性能要求。     

HIC and SSC Behavior of High-Strength Pipeline Steels

In this study,hydrogen-induced cracking(HIC) and sulfide stress corrosion cracking(SSC) behaviors of highstrength pipeline steels in four different strength grades(X70,X80,X90 and X100) with the microstructure of acicular ferrite were estimated.The results showed that both of X70 and X80 steels exhibited better HIC resistance,and their susceptibility to HIC increased with the strength grade.HIC parameters,including cracking length ratio,cracking thickness ratio(CTR) and cracking sensitivity ratio,were all increased,and among these,the CTR increased most,with the increase in the strength grade.HIC was found to initiate and grow along the hard boundaries such as large size martensite/austenite(M/A) islands and bainitic ferrite.In addition,the density of hydrogen-induced blister on the steel surface was increased with the decrease in p H value for the same-grade pipeline steels.SSC susceptibilities of X80,X90 and X90-C were revealed to subsequently decrease,which was related to the large size M/A islands.     

微观取向对X80管线钢动态冲击性能的影响

利用环境扫描电子显微镜及电子背散射衍射(EBSD)技术分析了X80管线钢的组织与微观取向的特点。探讨了取向对强韧性的影响。结果表明,针状铁素体和弥散析出的M/A岛组织对管线钢的动态冲击性能有利;小角度结晶比率越高、晶粒越细小,越有效地阻碍位错移动,使钢的抗裂性能提高;{112}<110>、{110}<110>织构是影响管线钢落锤撕裂(DWTT)性能的有利取向。     

X70微合金管线钢组织中针状铁素体细化机制的研究

以微合金管线钢XTO为研究对象,在Gleeble 1500热模拟机上,进行了不同形变量和冷却速度对合金相变行为及组织细化影响的研究。实验结果表明,形变量和冷却速度的增加,有助于针状铁素体的形成及细化。管线钢中针状铁素体组织典型的形貌为非常微细的亚结构、高位错密度以及部分细板条铁素体,基体上弥散分布着M／A岛和渗碳体。同时可以观察到在铁素体晶粒边界和铁素体晶粒内部有相的析出。可见,针状铁素体组织细化的机制主要有：形变诱导铁素体、铁素体的动态再结晶和相的析出抑制晶粒长大。     

冷却工艺对X80级抗大变形管线钢组织性能的影响

采用两种冷却路径控制工艺试制了X80级抗大变形管线钢,并利用扫描电镜和透射电镜进行了显微组织观察,研究了轧后冷却工艺对X80级抗大变形管线钢组织性能的影响。结果表明,轧后采用前段空冷＋后段快冷的＂两段式冷却＂工艺所得显微组织为先共析铁素体、针状铁素体、少量贝氏体和M/A岛,组织中软硬相匹配良好,屈强比为0.76;而超快冷＋空冷＋快冷的＂三段式冷却＂工艺获得针状铁素体、贝氏体和M/A岛混合组织,屈强比为0.8。两种冷却工艺均可获得抗大变形管线钢,差别在于应用三段式冷却工艺得到实验钢的强度较高,可用于开发更高级别抗大变形管线钢,并且空冷时间缩短。     

轧制工艺对460 MPa级低屈强比耐火耐候钢组织性能的影响

利用热模拟方法测定低屈强比耐火耐候钢不同速率冷却后的组织。对比轧后弛豫工艺与未弛豫工艺以及终冷温度对试验钢性能的影响,利用光学显微镜、扫描电镜、透射电镜分析不同工艺对钢轧后显微组织的影响。结果表明,随冷却速度的增加,钢板组织由多边形铁素体变为针状铁素体+粒状贝氏体复相组织;由于弛豫处理过程中过冷奥氏体部分转变为多边形铁素体,钢板屈服强度和屈强比均下降;随着终冷温度的降低,钢板的屈服强度和屈强比上升,与钢中针状铁素体的细化与M/A组元的弥散强化有关;轧后直接水冷,并控制终冷温度至500~560 ℃,可获得高强度与低屈强比的良好匹配。     

热处理对针状铁素体管线钢强度级别升级的影响

通过光学显微镜、透射电镜、扫描电镜、拉伸与冲击试验,研究了热处理对针状铁素体管线钢强度级别升级的影响规律.结果表明,在对反映沉淀析出强化效果的热处理参数的分析和研究的基础上,引入一种非淬火时效工艺,即在低于奥氏体化温度的某一温度进行等温时效,可以大幅度提高针状铁素体管线钢的强度级别.这种非淬火时效促进了微合金碳氮化物在铁素体区进一步沉淀析出.非淬火时效对针状铁素体管线钢强化是行之有效的,为针状铁素体管线钢的强度级别升级提供了新的途径.     

Microstructure-Related Properties of Some Novel Reinforcement Bar Steel

Mechanical properties particularly Charpy impact toughness of two low-carbon [(a) 0.11% phosphorus and (b) 0.009% niobium] thermomechanically treated reinforcing bar steels were investigated. The phosphorus and niobium steels showed tensile to yield strength ratio of 1.25 and 1.19, ductile-brittle transition temperature of 223 K and below 193 K at yield strength levels of 428 and 472 MPa, respectively. The improved toughness of phosphorus steel is attributed to a mixed transformation microstructure comprising low-carbon bainite and fine polygonal ferrite. Lowest ductile-brittle transition temperature was observed in the niobium steel due to overall fineness of microstructure consisting mainly of low-carbon bainite, acicular ferrite, and polygonal ferrite.     

Effects of microstructure and pre-strain on Bauschinger effect in API X70 and X80 linepipe steels

In this study, effects of microstructure and pre-strain on the Bauschinger effect were investigated in two API X70 and two API X80 linepipe steel sheets fabricated by controlling the cooling condition, and their yield strength and Bauschinger parameters were measured by the tension-compression test with varying tension pre-strain. The fast-cooled steels had the higher fraction of acicular ferrite, granular bainite and martensite-austenite (MA) constituents and smaller grain sizes. The reduction in yield stress (ΔYS) of the steels having a higher fraction of MA and smaller grain sizes was higher than that of the steels having a lower fraction of MA and larger grain sizes. The ΔYS was smallest at the pre-strain of 1%, reached the maximum at the pre-strain of 2%, and then decreased with increasing pre-strain. This result could be explained by the amounts of mobile dislocations and back stress, which affected the Bauschinger effect and strain hardening effect simultaneously. Since these two effects affected the yield strength on a competing basis, the Bauschinger stress and hardening parameter were used to separately analyze these effects. It could be confirmed that the Bauschinger effect and strain hardening effect were activated at pre-strains of 1–2% and 3–4%, respectively.     

Ti微合金化对耐火建筑钢组织和性能的影响

采用低Mo及Ti的复合微合金化,设计3种试验钢配以合理的控轧控冷工艺,成功开发出低成本460 MPa级耐火钢。力学性能测试及显微组织分析结果表明,控轧控冷后水冷,试验钢板获得耐火钢的理想组织:粒状贝氏体和M/A岛。随Ti含量的增加,3种试验钢的平均晶粒尺寸递减。3种试验钢的室温屈服强度都大于460 MPa,600 ℃保温3 h的高温屈服强度都大于307 MPa,具有良好的高温力学性能。在相变强化、析出强化、细晶强化及位错强化的共同作用下,不同Ti含量的试验钢获得了良好的高温力学性能。0.07%Ti含量试验钢的YS值(600 ℃屈服强度/室温屈服强度)为0.68,完全满足耐火钢的使用标准。     

Nb-V复合微合金化高钢级管线钢的奥氏体连续冷却转变

利用热模拟试验机研究了3种不同成分的Nb、V微合金化高钢级管线钢的过冷奥氏体连续冷却转变行为,绘制了动态CCT曲线,分析和比较了3种试验钢的显微组织、显微硬度值和动态CCT曲线。结果表明,0.05Nb-0.03V配比能提高多边形铁素体的开始转变温度,从Nb钢的650~700 ℃,提高到700~800 ℃,并缩小多边形铁素体温度转变区间,扩大贝氏体温度转变范围,从Nb钢的400~650 ℃,扩大到350~680 ℃,同时抑制多边形铁素体相变,使管线钢更易获得所需的贝氏体针状铁素体组织。     

Mo含量对高等级管线钢相变行为及组织和性能的影响

通过调整一种高强韧管线钢中的Mo含量,研究Mo含量对动态相变规律的影响。在相同热机械控制轧制(TMCP)工艺下,比较Mo含量为0.2%和0.3%的两种钢的强度和韧性的差异,通过光学显微镜、EBSD、TEM等手段研究两种钢的复杂针状铁素体组织,并对组织和性能间的关系进行分析。结果表明:提高Mo含量有利于组织细化和针状铁素体的形成,动态CCT曲线向右下方移动;在相同轧制工艺条件下,0.3%Mo钢具有更高的强度,Mo含量的增加有助于提高沉淀强化和细晶强化的作用,同时增加了贝氏体铁素体(BF)的体积分数和MA岛的尺寸及数密度,并进一步提高了强度;两种钢在大角度晶界比例相同时,0.3%Mo钢的冲击性能较差,MA岛的尺寸和数密度及形状的不规则程度是影响冲击性能的主要因素。     

冷却速率对Q690D高强钢低温冲击韧性的影响

针对部分高强工程机械用钢Q690D冲击韧性较低的问题,分析了该钢种的强韧化机制,研究了冷却速率对其组织及冲击韧性的影响.结果表明,钢板以12、14℃/s冷速连续冷却时,形成准多边形铁素体、针状铁素体和板条状贝氏体组织,M/A岛呈微细化、等轴状弥散分布于基体中,钢板的低温冲击韧性较高.     

X80管线钢埋弧焊匹配焊丝试验

通过分析高强度低合金钢焊缝熔敷金属常见显微组织对其力学性能的影响,确定X80管线钢用埋弧焊丝熔敷金属组织应以大量针状铁素体(AF)和少量粒状贝氏体(GB)的复合组织.从相变动力学原理出发,结合针状铁素体(AF)非自发形核机制和微合金组织韧化理论,选择Mn-Ni-Mo-Ti-B合金系进行X80管线钢匹配焊丝的试制.结果表明,合理选择和控制合金元素,可以获得理想的焊缝熔敷金属组织和强韧性以及低温韧性要求,试制的1号焊丝能够满足X80管线钢的使用要求.     

Influence of Mn on microstructural evolution in Ti-killed C–Mn steel

The influence of manganese on the microstructure in C–Mn steels containing a small amount of titanium oxide particles as inoculants for acicular ferrite during the austenite–ferrite transformation has been studied. An acicular ferrite dominant microstructure could be produced when the Mn concentration is larger than about 2 wt.%.     

严寒条件下X80钢管道全自动外焊焊缝组织与性能

在?30 ℃严寒环境下进行了X80管线钢MAG电弧多层多道焊接试验,研究了22 mm厚管线钢焊接接头的显微组织、拉伸性能、显微硬度以及低温冲击韧性. 结果表明,在严寒条件下采用高强韧焊丝获得的接头,其焊缝组织组成主要为针状铁素体和先共析铁素体,粗晶区存在大量板条状贝氏体铁素体;焊接接头硬度呈“M”形分布,粗晶区的大量板条状贝氏体铁素体是该区域显微硬度值最大的主要原因;焊接接头的平均抗拉强度为684 MPa,具有延性断裂的典型特征;接头韧性薄弱区集中于焊缝区域,其平均冲击吸收能量为83 J. 与常温焊接相比,由于严寒条件焊接提高了冷却速度,促进了针状铁素体和M/A岛状组织的析出,严寒条件下接头的抗拉强度和显微硬度增加,但焊缝区域低温断裂韧性显著下降;同时,严寒条件下施焊更易产生气孔缺陷.     

Effect of Strength and Microstructure on Stress Corrosion Cracking Behavior and Mechanism of X80 Pipeline Steel in High pH Carbonate/Bicarbonate Solution

The stress corrosion cracking (SCC) behaviors and mechanisms of X80 pipeline steels with different strength and microstructure in high pH carbonate/bicarbonate solution were investigated by slow strain rate testing and electrochemical test. The results showed that the cracking mode of low strength X80 steel composed of bulky polygonal ferrite and granular bainite in high pH solution was intergranular (IGSCC), and the SCC mechanism was anodic dissolution (AD). While the mixed cracking mode of high strength X80 steel consisted of fine acicular ferrite and granular bainite was intergranular (IGSCC) in the early stage, and transgranular (TGSCC) in the later stage. The decrease of pH value of crack tip was probably the key reason for the occurrence of TGSCC. The SCC mechanism may be a mixed mode of AD and hydrogen embrittlement (HE), and the HE mechanism may play a significant role in the deep crack propagation at the later stage. The cracking modes and SCC mechanisms of the two X80 steels were associated with its microstructure and strength.     

Nb元素对含Ti低碳微合金钢连续冷却转变及析出行为的影响

采用热模拟试验机研究了Nb元素对含Ti低碳微合金钢的动态连续冷却转变行为的影响,利用OM和TEM对等温淬火工艺处理后实验钢的显微组织和析出行为进行观察和分析。结果表明：Nb元素使得含Ti低碳微合金钢的动态CCT曲线整体向右下方移动,大大减小了先共析铁素体和珠光体相变区,同时扩大了针状铁素体和贝氏体相变区,在较低冷速时能得到较多的针状铁素体;含Nb- Ti和含Ti两种实验钢经等温淬火工艺处理后的显微组织均由铁素体和马氏体两相组成,铁素体相中析出物平均尺寸分别为6.8、4.2 nm,利用Orowan机制对析出强化量进行计算得出析出强化量分别为90.6、142.3 MPa。     

Cr元素及轧后控冷工艺对高强H型钢组织性能的影响

针对高强H型钢的开发,研究了Cr元素及轧后控冷工艺对高强H型钢组织性能的影响。利用Jmatpro软件、光学显微镜、ImagePro-Plus等试验方法对含Cr和不含Cr两种试验钢的奥氏体连续冷却转变(CCT)曲线,组织演变、力学性能及强韧化机制进行了研究。结果表明,随着冷速的增加,钢中铁素体和珠光体体积分数逐渐减小,当冷速达到一定时,钢中开始出现针状铁素体,且铁素体基体中有粒状贝氏体出现;Cr元素的加入,降低了奥氏体临界转变温度,抑制了铁素体和珠光体转变,并有效推迟了贝氏体转变。因此,含Cr钢更易于获得细小的铁素体组织且增加了贝氏体的形成倾向,有利于钢的强度尤其是抗拉强度的提升,但降低了其塑性和韧性。