河北阳原泥河湾盆地郝家台NHA钻孔岩心岩石地层划分及对比

位于河北、山西两省桑干河、壶流河流域的泥河湾盆地内发育一套中外驰名的晚新生代地层,内含丰富的哺乳动物化石和古人类文化遗迹。岩石地层的划分是区域地质研究的基础,为了加深对这套地层的认识,2013年中国地质科学院地质研究所在泥河湾盆地东部化稍营郝家台打了一钻,钻孔座标:N:40°13'0.4〃,E:114°38'32.3〃,H:938m。据365.82 m厚的钻孔岩心岩石地层分析,自上至下划分为6个组:(1)上更新统马兰组,厚9.64m,以风积成因为主的黄土堆积,与下伏地层有沉积间断;(2)上更新统郝家台组,厚23.46 m,属滨、浅湖相沉积;(3)中—下更新统小渡口组,厚36.08m,属三角洲-滨湖相沉积;(4)下更新统泥河湾组,厚87.92m,属滨、浅湖相沉积;(5)上新统稻地组,厚111.78m,属湖沼相沉积;(6)上新统壶流河组,厚73.02m,属洪泛平原相沉积。孔深341.90~365.82m由白垩纪地层组成(未见底)。此剖面厚度大,连续性好,钻井采取率近100%,岩心在野外按钻井进尺依次进行连续描述,分辨率高,经研究认为泥河湾盆地第四系不仅在泥河湾盆地内可对比,并与黄土高原第四系也有一定的可对比性,即郝家台组与萨拉乌苏组对比,小渡口组与离石黄土对比,泥河湾组与午城黄土对比。本剖面可作为华北地区河湖相地层层型剖面之一。     

华北泥河湾盆地郝家台地区的沉积相组合特征：以台儿沟东剖面为例

泥河湾盆地东部郝家台地区的台儿沟东剖面主要出露地层为更新统和上新统,剖面顶部为厚9.4 m的马兰黄土和古土壤,剖面中部由更新统郝家台组和泥河湾组构成,剖面下部为上新统蔚县组。郝家台组和泥河湾组为三角洲平原、三角洲前缘和少量前三角洲亚相沉积组合,其中三角洲平原亚相可分为分支河道、分支间湾、天然堤、沼泽和淡水湖泊5个微相,由发育大型板状斜层理和底冲刷面构造的粗砂夹砾石透镜体,含钙质结核的透镜状黄褐色中 细砂以及富含炭屑的深色粘土等共同构成;三角洲前缘亚相则由水下分支河道、支流间湾、河口砂坝和末端砂坝构成,以发育底冲刷面构造并夹有细砾石透镜体的细中粒砂、小型板状斜层理细砂以及分选好且质纯的细砂等组合为特征;前三角洲亚相相对不发育,主要由浅灰色粘土以及灰绿色、灰黑色粘土夹钙质结核构成。蔚县组主要由滨湖亚相和浅湖亚相构成,其中前者为多种颜色的并发育泥裂和滑塌构造的粘土、粉砂组合,局部夹有透镜状砂砾层,底冲刷面发育;后者主要由粉砂、粘土组合构成,局部可见由砂泥交互构成的透镜状层理。古水流分析结果表明,上新统蔚县组沉积物源区位于泥河湾盆地NE侧,更新统泥河湾组和郝家台组碎屑沉积物主要来自于NE和NW方向,而泥河湾组底部约15 m厚沉积物除了来自NE方向外,还有部分沉积物来自SSW方向物源区。表明自上新世以来,泥河湾盆地周边具有北高南低古地理格局,从而为盆地提供丰富的碎屑沉积物。     

内蒙古托克托台地湖相地层及其初步意义

内蒙古河套地区广泛分布着一套晚第四纪河湖相地层,前人将其与萨拉乌苏组对比.托克托台地位于河套盆地最东部,晋陕峡谷上峡口,地貌上构成二级台地.台地前缘湖相地层出露良好.本文主要研究了郝家窑剖面湖相地层的时代与沉积环境.郝家窑剖面出露地层厚约47m:上部为棕黄色粉砂质粘土、粘土质粉砂层,风成黄土,厚约3m;下部为青灰、黄、...     

河北阳原台儿沟剖面泥河湾组底界的确定

河北阳原化稍营郝家台台儿沟剖面是泥河湾盆地新建的建阶剖面。剖面总厚度为151.45m,顶部的年龄约0.019Ma,深33.55m处为B/M界线,深123m处为M/G界线,剖面底的年龄约3.3Ma。划分为马兰组、郝家台组、泥河湾组和蔚县组。深45.65-122.65m间归泥河湾组,厚77m,泥河湾组以黄色调砂、粉砂、黏土质粉砂为主,中夹有灰绿色黏土,属河湖相沉积环境。泥河湾组底界确定的标志:底部出露较厚的砂层,代表一个沉积旋回的开始,与下伏湖沼相蔚县组呈整合接触;底界接近M/G界线,在M/G界线之上0.35m处;底界之下挖掘到早于2.6Ma的游河模拟鼠-副丁氏鼢鼠小哺乳动物化石组合和瓣鳃类化石。泥河湾组底界确定为2.6Ma。     

从井儿洼孔岩心看阳原盆地第四纪湖相层的划分

通过对阳原盆地中井儿洼孔（深２００,６m）河湖相岩石地层、生物地层和古地磁等的研 究,将第四系河湖相层新命名为阳原群,进一步划分３个组,即下更新统８泥河湾组（深２００．６～１０７．８m,未见底）,由褐灰色粉砂质粘土和粉砂组成;下一中更新统小组成;下一中更新统小渡口组（深１０７．８～２０．６m）由灰、灰黑色粉砂质粘土和粉砂 质粘土和粉砂组成,内含１２段纹层,可作为标志层,底界年龄约１０００Ka;中一上更新     

杭嘉湖平原西部第四纪晚期沉积的岩相层序

杭嘉湖平原西部,地处太湖和杭州湾之间。本区第四纪晚期沉积主要为粉砂粘土、粘质粉砂、粉砂和部分细砂层。根据微古化石和沉积结构的分析,这一时期的沉积具两层海相层,整个层次可以划分为两次由陆——海——陆的岩相旋回。自下而上,下部旋回层的沉积序列是,河流相——河口、滨海相——河湖相;上部旋回层的沉积序列是,河湖相——河口、滨海、近岸线海相——湖沼相。两旋回层呈假整合接触。     

四川理塘甲洼组地层时代与环境演化

川西理塘甲洼盆地中的甲洼组是一套厚度在300m左右的松散状河湖相沉积物。磁性地层结果表明,B/M界线位于剖面中部157.0m处,剖面底部记录了奥尔都维正极性亚时。对比Cande和Kent的极性年表,理塘甲洼组的始沉积年代约为2.10MaBP,结束于0.10MaBP.孢粉记录显示该地经历亚高山针叶林植被→高山草甸植被的演变过程,沉积环境经历了河湖相→冲积相的转变过程。      

长江三角洲平原BZK03孔更新世以来古环境演变及多重地层划分对比

对长江三角洲平原BZK03钻孔进行沉积物同位素测年、孢粉组合、微体古生物、粒度和磁学的测试分析,讨论了更新世以来钻孔揭示的沉积环境演化、沉积相和古气候特征,建立了钻孔的第四纪多重地层划分对比框架。研究结果表明,钻孔自下而上依次为白垩纪衢县组的风化粉砂岩及第四纪沉积的嘉兴组、前港组、东浦组、宁波组、镇海组。孢粉组合可划分出18个孢粉带,按暖期温暖潮湿冷期寒冷干燥古气候旋回变化的周期律,BZK03钻孔反映该区域共存在6个古气候旋回。根据岩性分层、沉积环境、古气候建立的钻孔多重地层划分对比揭示:144.6～198.5m为早更新世时期河流相和河湖相交替沉积环境的嘉兴组,存在2个气候旋回过程;88.3～144.6m为中更新世河湖相河流相河湖相河流相沉积环境的前港组,包含2个气候旋回过程;16.6～88.3m为晚更新世沉积,沉积环境为河湖相滨海相河湖相潮坪相河湖相的宁波组和河口相浅海相的东浦组,包括2个气候旋回;0～16.6m为河湖相浅湖相河湖相潮坪相沉积环境的镇海组,古气候时期对应北方期和大西洋期。     

金沙江中游云南龙街粉砂层沉积环境演化特征

沿金沙江攀枝花三堆子至武定县白马口段河谷两岸分布一套以灰黑色、灰黄色、灰白色粉砂、粘土质粉砂和粘土为主的湖相地层,尤以云南省元谋县龙街盆地内最为发育,被称为龙街粉砂层。通过龙街YA钻孔和龙街、白泥湾剖面的磁性地层学和光释光年代学的研究,探讨龙街粉砂层的时代与归属。龙街YA钻孔地层厚度101.18m,其中龙街粉砂层厚92.96m,上覆7.5m的红棕色细砂和砂砾石层,下伏厚度大于0.72m的灰绿色含角砾粗砂。综合分析YA钻孔的磁性地层学和光释光年龄,认为获取龙街粉砂层的沉积时代为150~30ka BP,属于晚更新世。通过地层沉积特征变化,反演晚更新世以来湖泊的形成及沉积环境变化,探讨晚更新世以来区域新构造的活动阶段及其对河流演化过程的控制作用。     

中国第四纪研究的新进展

在地层学研究中, 中国第四纪陆相沉积基本上可划分为四种成因类型:河湖相沉积、土状堆积、山麓砾石沉积和洞穴堆积。泥河湾层是下更新统的典型剖面, 它是一套河湖相沉积, 以其含维拉弗朗动物群而闻名。中更新统典型剖面是周口店洞穴堆积, 1929年在这里发现了第一个北京人(Homoerectus pekinensis)头盖骨。     

从榴辉岩与围岩的关系论苏鲁榴辉岩的形成与折返

位于华北和扬子两板块碰撞带中的苏鲁榴辉岩形成的温压条件不但是超高压，而且是高温。榴辉岩的PTt轨迹表明其为陆-陆磁撞俯冲带的产物。榴辉岩的区域性围岩花岗质片麻岩为新元古代同碰撞期花岗岩，榴辉岩及其他直接围岩皆呈包体存在于其中，并见新元古代花岗岩呈脉状侵入榴辉岩包体中。区域性围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石中发现有柯石英、绿辉石等包裹体，表明新元古代花岗岩的组成物质也经受过超高压变质作用，且榴辉岩与围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石U-Pb体系同位素年龄基本相同。但新元古代花岗岩所记录的变质作用和变形作用期次（或阶段）却少于榴辉岩。椐上述可得如下推断：超高压榴辉岩与新元古代花岗岩岩浆是同时在碰撞带底部（俯冲板块前部）形成的；榴辉岩的第一折返阶段是由新元古代花岗岩岩浆携带上升的，其第二折返阶段是和新元古代花岗岩一起由逆冲及区域性隆起而上升，遭受剥蚀。     

某高速公路下伏煤矿采空区稳定性分析

在论述某高速公路下伏砦脖煤矿采空区地质、采矿和工程地质特征的基础上, 进行了稳定性数值模拟分析, 定性与定量地分析与评价了该煤矿采空区的地表变形特征及稳定性。研究结果表明: 该煤矿采空区的变形尚未完成, 对拟建的高速公路将产生很大的危害, 必须采取相应的工程治理措施。      

摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值问题探讨

通过对广珠东线高速公路横沥大桥的试桩及土体的工程地质条件分析,总结出影响摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值的一般问题以及解决问题的方法和措施。     

The Importance of the Precipitation and the Susceptibility of the Slopes for the Triggering of Landslides Along the Roads

In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning.     

混凝剂处理钻井废泥浆液的研究

通过烧杯搅拌实验对混凝剂处理钻井废泥浆液进行研究,从混凝剂适应p H值范围、混凝效果、沉降速度三方面研究比较,找出一种较为理想的混凝剂,并分析了影响混凝剂性能的主要因素,确定了混凝剂的最佳投放剂量。      

黄河源区水环境变化及黄河出现冬季断流的原因

自1954年有水文观测资料以来，黄河曾在青海省玛多县黄河沿水文站发生过3次断流。本文在分析黄河源区水环境特征及其影响因素的基础上指出，鄂陵湖、扎陵湖的环湖融区调节能力低，当遇到连续干旱、冬季其调节水量不足以维系黄河径流时便会发生断流，这是断流的主因。湖水位降低、开采沙金、过度放牧等自然和人为因素也会对黄河发生断流产生影响。鄂陵湖口附近黄河上修建的水电站开始蓄水，提高了两湖及环湖融区的调节能力，今后黄河冬季出现断流的可能性将大为降低。     

Unity of the national and the international in the socio-cultural development of the peoples of the USSR

International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen.     

The evolution of the magmatism in the external zones of the Betic Cordilleras during the mesozoic

Abstract

The Mesozoic igneous rocks from the External Zones of the Betic Cordilleras extend for some 300 km along the Subbetic Zone. They are poorly differentiated basic rocks which, altogether, correspond to a transitional series containing tholeiitic and sodium-alkaline terms. They crop out as small ophite stocks and dykes intruded into middle- and upper-Triassic rocks, or as submarine flows and sills interlayered with Jurassic materials.

Geological and radiometric evidence points to an upper-Triassic-Liassic age for the ophite-generating magmatism, while the fissure volcanism began locally in the early-Liassic and extended throughout the Dogger. It reached its climax in the Tithonian and ceased abruptly in the lowermost Cretaceous.

The magmas that generated the two groups of rocks originated within the mantle. During the ascent through a continental crust they were contaminated by deep-crust granitoid rocks and by the assimilation of pelites from the basement. The chemical composition and fractional-crystallization differentiation trends of the ophites belong to the tholeiitic series, while those of the middle-uppermost Jurassic magmas to the sodic-alkaline series. This magmatic evolution may be attributed to a geodynamic change from distensive in the Triassic to transtensive from the middle-Jurassic onwards.     

悬板开孔对排沙漏斗流场特性的影响

排沙漏斗的水沙分离性能取决于其流场特性,为了弄清楚悬板开孔对流场特性的影响,利用粒子图像测速技术和数值模拟方法,分别对悬板溢流段和非溢流段同时均匀布孔、仅在非溢流段布孔和无孔时的排沙漏斗流场特性开展研究。结果表明：①布孔位置不影响涡流性质但影响其强度,均匀布孔时涡流强度最小,不利于水沙离心分离;②无孔和仅在非溢流段布孔时的流场特性有利于泥沙径向输移、沉降和排出,均匀布孔径向速度和二次流流速减小不利于泥沙输移和排出;③仅在悬板非溢流段布孔时悬板表面速度大于其他方案,泥沙不易淤积于悬板。为减少悬板上的泥沙淤积量且同时要保证较高的泥沙截除率时可采用仅在悬板非溢流段布孔的方案优化悬板体型。     

Artemia in the Salt Lakes of Russia:the Productivity of Populations,the Reserves of the Cysts and the Fisheries

正Artemia cysts are an extremely important component of aquaculture diets.It is well established that the cultivation of fish and shellfish derive substantial health and growth advantages when Artemia are included in the diets of the