共查询到17条相似文献,搜索用时 187 毫秒
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本文给出了用红外测温仪直接测定常温物体表面真实温度的方法和实验结果,并对直接用红外测温仪的温度读数来计算环境辐射等效黑体温度TB及目标的比辐射率ε进一步加以说明。
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当目标为灰体时,尤其是目标温度与环境物体的温度相近时,必须同时考虑目标的自身辐射和它对环境辐射的反射。这样,各种红外系统的灵敏度方程就需要修正。根据这些修正后的方程,就可以解释原来只考虑自身辐射的方程所无法解释的实验现象。其中,对于热成象系统,我们作了重点讨论,不但考虑了场景中相邻单元的温差、比辐射率差和反射率差的影响,而且考虑了扫描效率、扫描重迭率、串联或并联列阵元件、加场镜或浸没透镜等的影响,得到比较完整的灵敏度方程和噪声等效温差NETD的表达式。对于NETD中的积分XT的计算方法,我们也作了介绍并给出数值表。
关键词: 相似文献
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本文叙述了显微测温仪的结构原理和温度灵敏度,并根据光学系统的参数和黑体辐射定律及探测器的噪音等效功率,推导出了NET的计算公式,从而为研制和应用显微测温仪器提供了重要依据. 相似文献
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采用低压等离子体聚合技术,通过调整工作气压和反式二丁烯(T2B)与H2流量比制备了辉光放电聚合物(GDP)涂层. 利用傅里叶变换红外吸收光谱和元素分析法讨论了工作气压和T2B与H2流量比对GDP涂层内部H原子含量及结构的影响,并且通过纳米压痕技术对GDP涂层的硬度及杨氏模量进行了表征.研究结果表明:降低工作气压和T2B与H2流量比,GDP涂层内sp3 C
关键词:
傅里叶变换红外光谱
纳米压痕
杨氏模量
硬度 相似文献
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基于图像的飞行器红外辐射特性测量 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
通过将目标在一定波段内的红外辐射等效为红外成像系统前一定距离下黑体在对应波段内的红外辐射,建立了等效辐射方程。根据黑体辐射定标实验数据,利用非线性回归方法确定了在不同的积分时间条件下红外凝视成像系统输出红外图像的灰度值与在一定距离下的黑体温度之间的定量关系,建立了辐射定标方程。在Visual C++6.0平台下,在对红外目标图像进行SUSAN滤波等预处理后,分析了已知目标距离的红外图像的灰度均值。首先根据辐射定标方程计算出目标等效为黑体的温度,然后利用等效辐射方程反推目标的红外辐射强度,以达到根据跟踪的红外图像确定红外目标辐射特性的目的。此项研究不仅可以为目标识别提供目标分类、识别和辨认所必需的光谱数据库,而且还可以为红外预警提供重要的参考数据。 相似文献
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用1H NMR、13C NMR谱、自旋-晶格弛豫时间(T1)和自旋-自旋弛豫时间(T2)研究了丙烯腈在60Co γ射线辐射聚合后的大分子结构变化与大分子链的运动. 结果表明随着辐射剂量增大,在单体形成聚合物的过程中,聚合物主链上出现了少量的-OH基团,继续增大辐射剂量, -OH部分被氧化. 对聚合物溶液的变温氢谱的研究表明,溶剂中的残余水与上述-OH形成氢键,且随着温度升高氢键被破坏,同时H2O与-OH之间还存在着质子交换. 利用13C NMR谱对丙烯腈辐射聚合的产物进行了序列结构分析. 对T1和T2的研究表明,辐射剂量的增大并未影响到聚丙烯腈的链运动,证明了在丙烯腈的辐射聚合过程交联反应未发生. 相似文献
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红外光纤测温仪光学系统设计原理 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
介绍红外光纤测温仪光学系统的设计原理,指出在测温仪中严格限制红外视场来消除杂散辐射的干扰可使温度测量值不随被测目标距离的改变而变化。 相似文献
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A blackbody cavity is used as a temperature sensor for measuring the average temperature of the molten liquid. Due to the deviation of fabrication and installation, the detector usually receives the radiation from the different regions of the measuring cavity, so the local effective emissivity distribution is an important parameter to evaluate the measuring temperature discrepancy of a blackbody cavity sensor. We introduced the net-radiation method into the finite element method and extended it to calculate the local effective emissivity of blackbody cavities. It was applied to three typical cavities, and the calculated results are in very well agreement with those in references. This method is simple, easy to use, replicable, and very suitable to evaluate and design a novel cavity. 相似文献
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近年来,随着国防、工业、科技等领域飞速发展,无论是对于军用动力发射系统还是对于民用钢铁冶炼以及高科技新兴产业,辐射温度测量都具有重要意义。尤其在温度极高且伴随着瞬态测温(小于1 μs)需求的场合,多光谱辐射测温法被广泛运用。多光谱辐射测温法是通过选取被测目标多个特征波长,测量特征波长的辐射信息,再假设发射率与波长相关的数学模型,最终求解得到辐射温度。目前,利用该方法实际测温时,光谱发射率都采用固定的假设数学模型,而针对目标在不同温度状态下,该固定模型则无法进行自适应变化。同样,在不同温度下,如何解算最终的发射率和辐射温度也没有普适性的方法。基于普朗克黑体辐射定律,提出一种被测目标在不同温度下光谱发射率函数基形式不变的思想,简称发射率函数基形式不变法。通过该方法,发射率模型可以根据物体在不同温度状态下,函数系数动态改变来进行自适应变化。同时对于如何解算最终的发射率和辐射温度也相应提出了普适性的方法。通过大量仿真验证以及实际测量光谱辐射照度标准灯和溴钨灯温度实验,证明本文提出的方法比现有的光谱发射率处理方法更加简单实用并且能够有效地提高光谱发射率的计算精度,从而提高辐射温度测量精度。同时具有实用性好、应用广泛等特点。 相似文献
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针对空间目标与地基望远镜红外成像传感器终端之间的不确知参量将降低双波段比色测温法求解精度,且精度影响程度未知,假设目标为灰体,对包含不确知参量的最大似然估计函数关于发射率求偏导,建立基于红外探测器测量电子数的双波段比色测温数学模型,并进行双波段比色测温法的蒙特卡洛仿真实验与精度分析。对于大气透过率的估算,提出应用红外自然星体的大气透过率现场标校方法。空间目标温度反演精度与成像探测器的信噪比、大气透过率、地球热辐射以及波段之间的发射率差异等未知参量的估算精度有关。结果表明:信噪比高于20,波段之间发射率差异小于0.03,地球热辐射预测精度优于50%,大气透过率预测精度优于10%时,比色测温法优于40 K的温度估计精度。 相似文献
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Miao Yin Ze Cheng Qi-Jun Zeng Jian-Hui Yuan 《International Journal of Theoretical Physics》2011,50(2):581-593
Thermodynamic properties of a Kerr nonlinear blackbody (KNB) are investigated. It is found that below a transition temperature
T
c
, the free energy of a KNB radiation is larger than that in a normal blackbody. At the transition from KNB radiation state
to a normal blackbody radiation state, the photon system undergoes a first-order phase transition. The thermodynamic system
of an atom interacting with a KNB radiation bath is also investigated by using a thermodynamic perturbation theory. It is
found that below a transition temperature T
c
, the increment of the free energy of the atom is larger than that in a normal blackbody. Above T
c
, the KNB becomes a normal blackbody, and the properties in a KNB turn to be the same as those in normal blackbody radiation. 相似文献
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Salvador Rego-Barcena 《Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer》2008,109(7):1325-1334
Passive diagnostics offer new ways of obtaining real-time data for the control and modeling of industrial furnaces. It has been proposed elsewhere that from the intensity profile between 3.8 and 4.7 μm one may derive the temperature of a gas-particle medium and the particle emissivity (εp) at 3.95 μm. This technique applies to large columns of combustion products with enough CO2. The temperature is retrieved by finding the best fit between Planck's function and the intensity profile between 4.56 and 4.7 μm, which is that of a blackbody due to CO2 saturation. Here we consider the effect of particles on the intensity profile and, therefore, on the retrieved temperature and particle emissivity. We derive an analytic approximation of the effective emissivity for an optically thick gas-particle mixture that includes emission and absorption due to particles and gases, along with isotropic particle scattering. The derivation follows the method of embedded invariance and has been used already for particle-only clouds. It yields a spectral solution that is applicable in other infrared regions where gas and particle optical thicknesses are large. A key parameter (χ) is the ratio of the gas absorption coefficient to the particle extinction coefficient. For χ=1 and εp=0.5, particle effects decrease the gas band profile by 5% from that of a blackbody. For χ<1 and εp<0.5, particle effects on the calculated temperature and particle emissivity are noticeable and particle effects should be considered. If χ is known, an iterative procedure may be used to calculate temperature and particle emissivity. We illustrate this procedure with data from a coal-fired boiler. Accounting for particle effects, temperatures were 4% higher (at about 1500 K) and particle emissivities 28% lower (for εp within 0.3-05) than without considering these effects. 相似文献