急诊心肌梗塞尿激酶静脉溶栓临床观察

目的:评价急性心肌梗塞(AMI)病人实施绿色通道尿激酶(UK)静脉溶栓治疗效果。方法:统计分析我院189例AMI病人尿激酶给药剂量、平均发病至溶栓时间、院内溶栓时间、再通率、死亡率并和国内外公开发表文献比较。结果:采用绿色通道快速诊断和急诊溶栓治疗,使平均急诊溶栓准备时间减至18min,发病至溶栓平均时间2·4h,再通率78·3%,病死率3·17%,优于已发表的同类治疗报道。结论:急诊绿色通道快速静脉溶栓治疗AMI减少了院内溶栓前时间,提高了AMI再通率,是AMI救治成功的关键环节。     

急性肠系膜上静脉血栓形成的诊断与治疗

目的探讨急性肠系膜静脉血栓形成(AMVT)的诊断与治疗方法。方法将1995年7月—2002年12月13例以手术治疗为主AMVT患者(A组)和2003年1月—2010年6月14例以抗凝溶栓治疗为主的AMVT患者(B组)的临床资料进行历史对照分析,比较两组的住院时间、治愈率、病死率。结果 A组和B组的住院时间分别为(22.38±2.81)d和(12.21±2.32)d;治愈率分别为69.2%和100%;病死率分别为30.8%和0,以上指标在两组之间的差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论早期诊断、早期抗凝、溶栓治疗可以提高急性肠系膜上静脉血栓的治愈率,是提高患者预后的关键。     

行为管理降低慢性心力衰竭患者再住院率

目的探讨行为管理降低慢性心力衰竭患者再住院率的效果。方法将189例慢性心力衰竭患者随机分为对照组94例和干预组95例。对照组采用常规护理及出院后电话随访,干预组在此基础上实施行为管理,包括制定随访计划、强化教育内容、培训自我行为能力、监督落实效果等。1年后比较两组患者的再住院率、再住院平均住院日和病死率。结果干预组再住院率、再住院平均住院日分别为23.16%、(8.67±4.62)d,对照组分别为39.36%、(12.47±4.76);两组比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05,P0.01)。两组病死率比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论行为管理可促使慢性心力衰竭患者改变不良生活习惯,提高自我行为管理能力,降低再住院率,提高生活质量。     

置入支架后择期手术与急诊手术在梗阻性结直肠癌中的对比研究

目的:探讨置入支架后择期手术与急诊外科手术2种治疗方式的临床价值。方法:回顾性分析90例梗阻性结直肠癌患者的临床资料。其中30例临时置入金属支架,择期手术治疗(支架组);60例行急诊手术治疗(急诊手术组)。比较支架组与急诊手术组的一期切除吻合率、手术时间、术后通气时间、并发症发生率和住院期间病死率等指标。结果:支架组一期切除吻合率(96.67%)明显高于急诊手术组(56.67%,P<0.001)。支架组术后并发症(6.67%)明显低于急诊手术组(26.67%,P<0.05)。支架组住院期间病死率与急诊手术组相比,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。支架组手术时间、术后通气时间分别为(156.13±49.79)min,(3.60±1.40)d,明显低于急诊手术组(P<0.05)。结论:置入支架可迅速、有效缓解梗阻性结直肠癌症状。置入支架后择期手术与急诊手术相比可增加一期切除吻合率,减少并发症,可作为缓解梗阻性结直肠癌的一项有效治疗方法。     

模块化膳食干预对急诊PCI患者便秘及血脂水平的影响

目的探讨模块化膳食营养干预对急性心肌梗死(AMI)行急诊PCI术患者便秘和血脂水平的影响。方法将在CCU住院接受急诊PCI术的166例AMI患者按时间段分为对照组和观察组各83例。对照组行常规低盐低脂饮食指导;观察组针对急诊PCI术患者设计模块化膳食清单管理患者日常饮食。结果观察组住院期间日摄入能量及便秘发生率显著少于和低于对照组(均P0.01),术后第7天、出院1个月时TG、LDL-C及HDL-C值显著优于对照组(P0.05,P0.01)。结论对AMI行急诊PCI术患者设计和应用模块化膳食营养干预可以有效改善其血脂水平,减少便秘发生。     

绿色通道急性心肌梗死急诊静脉溶栓

目的:评价我院2002年8月至2004年9月急诊收治的急性心肌梗死患者开展急诊绿色通道急诊静脉溶栓治疗的临床疗效。方法:48例患者随机选择尿激酶、重组组织型纤溶酶原激活剂、重组链激酶给予急性心肌梗死静脉溶栓治疗。结果:尿激酶再通率83.33%(30/36),重组组织型纤溶酶原激活剂再通率88.89%(7/8),重组链激酶再通率66.67%(2/3),无1例出血、过敏并发症,1例死亡。结论:对急性心肌梗死患者,开展急诊绿色通道静脉溶栓治疗,在急诊溶栓准备时间仅用了21±8min,比以往溶栓提前2～6h,减少院内溶栓前时间延误,提高了静脉溶栓的再通率,是提高 AMI 救治成功率的关键环节。     

院前急救对急性心肌梗死患者预后的影响

目的:探讨院前急救处理对急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者预后的影响.方法:将我院2007年2月至2011年1月重症监护病房(ICU)收治的无溶检禁忌症的81例AMI患者作为研究对象,其中经院前急救入院的42例为院前急救组,自行来院的39例为对照组.入院后两组均予以的尿激酶(UK)150万U溶栓及其他对症治疗,并比较两组从发病到住院溶栓时间,住院后并发症的发生率及病死率.结果:院前急救组发病到溶栓时间明显短于对照组(P＜0.05),且住院后心律失常、休克、心力衰竭等并发症的发生率及病死率亦显著低于对照组(P＜0.05).结论:院前急救处理能够缩短AMI患者发病到住院溶栓治疗时间,减轻患者症状,改善患者预后.     

经皮机械性血栓清除联合导管溶栓与单纯导管溶栓治疗急性下肢缺血的疗效比较

目的比较PMT联合CDT与单纯CDT治疗急性下肢缺血的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析2017年1月至2018年12月苏州大学附属第一医院收治的64例急性下肢缺血患者的临床资料,其中24例行PMT联合CDT治疗(PMT组),40例行单纯CDT治疗(CDT组)。比较两组手术成功率、尿激酶用量、手术时间、溶栓时间、住院时间、住院期间并发症发生率和术后30 d内截肢率、再次手术率及死亡率。结果两组手术均取得成功,技术成功率为100%;PMT组和CDT组的尿激酶用量分别为(56.67±8.16)万U和(106.50±47.56)万U,手术时间分别为(103.33±25.57)min和(72.13±25.74)min,溶栓时间分别为(24.96±12.52)h和(61.20±29.24)h,住院时间分别为(7.13±2.52)d和(9.35±2.65)d,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。两组住院期间并发症发生率(16.7%vs 17.5%)、术后30 d内截肢率(12.5%vs15.0%)、再次手术率(4.2%vs 7.5%)及死亡率(8.3%vs 2.5%)差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。不同缺血时间患者的缺血改善情况,两组比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论采取PMT联合CDT治疗急性下肢缺血患者在手术疗效、并发症发生情况结果和单纯CDT相似,但可降低溶栓药物用量、缩短溶栓时间和住院时间。     

深静脉血栓形成置管溶栓的临床分析

探讨系统溶栓与置管溶栓在深静脉血栓形成中的应用及临床效果。回顾分析91例深静脉血栓患者的临床资料,采取系统溶栓治疗(A组,50例)及置管溶栓治疗(B组,41例),并根据患者肢体治疗前后的周径变化、血管造影评估溶栓治疗效果。治疗前后两组患者肢体肿胀程度均获得了不同程度的改善,A组大、小腿消肿率分别为(51.41±34.43)%、(53.61±29.10)%;B组大、小腿消肿率分别为(71.74±32.17)%、(68.33±28.62)%,两组消肿率差异有统计学意义(P0.05);A、B组住院时间分别是(13.92±2.36)d、(12.05±3.91)d,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。A组并发症发生率8.00%;B组并发症发生率7.31%,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。两组尿激酶用量差异亦无统计学意义(P0.05)。系统溶栓和置管溶栓治疗深静脉血栓均有效,置管溶栓起效迅速,不增加并发症。     

急性心肌梗死患者心肺复苏后静脉溶栓疗效观察

目的探讨急性心肌梗死（AMI）患者心肺复苏（CPR）后静脉溶栓的疗效和安全性。方法选择AMI合并呼吸、心脏骤停患者70例，其中治疗组29例，CPR后即刻给予尿激酶（UK）或重组组织型纤溶酶原激活剂（rt-PA）静脉溶栓治疗；对照组41例，CPR后给予除静脉溶栓外的积极抢救治疗。观察两组自主呼吸恢复率、自主呼吸恢复时间、冠状动脉再通率、24h病死率、出院存活率以及出血并发症的发生率。结果治疗组自主呼吸恢复率[48.3％（14／29）]、冠状动脉再通率[75.9％（22／29）]、出院存活率[44.8％（13／29）]明显高于对照组[分别为14.6％（6／41）、9.8％（4／41）、14.6％（6／41）]（P〈0.01），24h病死率[44.8％（13／29）]、自主呼吸恢复时间[（60.6±63.4）min]明显低于对照组[分别为82.9％（34／41）、（122.3±13.8）min]（P〈0.01）。治疗组与对照组出血并发症的发生率比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论AMI患者CPR后溶栓治疗效果显著，且相对安全。在无条件施行急诊血管重建时，施行静脉溶栓可能是较好的选择。     

Combined effects of hematoporphyrin derivative phototherapy and adriamycin in a murine tumor model

Hematoporphyrin derivative phototherapy (HpD-PT) is currently being used experimentally in the treatment of various malignancies. The effectiveness of HpD-PT appears to be limited to superficial malignancies because of its inability to penetrate more than 0.5-1 cm. The mechanism of action has been demonstrated to result from the formation of toxic singlet oxygen and other oxygen radicals. Preliminary work suggested that the addition of other chemical agents known to produce toxic oxygen radicals may enhance the effect of HpD-PT. To test this hypothesis, we examined the effectiveness of HpD-PT in the Walker 256 carcinosarcoma with and without Adriamycin. Tumor kill was estimated by calculating the area of necrosis on photomicrographic sections. From this area, a radius of tumor necrosis was determined and compared among various control and experimental groups. HpD-PT was effective in this model when compared to control groups (radius of necrosis 3.79 +/- 0.97 mm vs. 2.60 +/- 1.26 mm, P less than .05). The addition of Adriamycin significantly increased the radius of necrosis when compared to HpD-PT (4.57 +/- 1.70 mm vs. 3.69 +/- 0.97 mm, P less than .01). From this work we conclude that HpD-PT demonstrates effective tumor killing in this murine model. The addition of Adriamycin significantly increased tumor kill.     

胆囊切除术后胆瘘的处理体会

本文报告７例胆囊切除术后胆瘘，根据具体情况选择治疗方法：其中保守治疗４例，治愈２例，失败２例；再手术治疗４例均治愈；内镜乳头括约肌切开术治疗１例治愈。作者认为；保守治疗治愈率不高，时间长；再手术治疗愈较高，但手术较困难、危险性高，易导致副损伤的发生；内镜治疗具有创伤小侵入外科并发症少，治愈率高等优点，可作为术后胆瘘的首选治疗方法，值得进一步推广应用。     

Facing the Reality: The World Cannot Afford Uremia Therapy at the Start of the 21st Century

Abstract: Although remarkably successful in prolonging useful life, there is minimal probability that the majority of the world's population will benefit from contemporary therapy for irreversible renal failure because of its inordinately high cost in light of available resources. While affluent nations establish priorities for allocation of slots for maintenance dialysis or recipients of organ transplants, poor and developing countries must await the development of inexpensive, low technology treatments to substitute for absent kidney function. One attractive potential alternative to contemporary uremia therapy is the use of the intestine as a giant substitute and somewhat displaced nephron. Possible means of extracting wastes via the gut include ingestion of a mixed oral sorbent, instillation of bacterial crystallized enzymes to transform nitrogenous wastes to essential amino acids, or administration of high osmolality laxatives to promote diarrhea containing nitrogenous wastes. Any of these approaches may extract sufficient solute and water to sustain anephric life. An optimistic view of evolving uremia therapy is that within the next decade pills and purges for the poor may supplant more effective though expensive high technology approaches now encompassed in so-called modern nephrology.     

系统治疗在肝癌术前新辅助治疗中应用进展

近年来，肝癌的系统治疗进展迅速，新的免疫治疗药物、靶向药物不断涌现，新的治疗理念和治疗方案不断创新。但关于系统治疗应用于肝癌术前的方案选择和疗效分析，探讨相对较少。肝癌的新辅助系统治疗按其目的和后续手术方式可分为可切除性肝癌的新辅助系统治疗、不可切除肝癌的转化治疗和肝移植术前的降期或桥接治疗。新辅助系统治疗策略的制定需基于术前诊断特别是病理学诊断、多学科讨论及分子肿瘤学委员会讨论、系统的疗效评估、科学的终点选择及术中术后的全过程管理。由于肝癌肝移植涉及系统免疫调节和免疫微环境重塑，其综合治疗的方案、方式都处于探讨阶段。新辅助治疗用于肝癌肝移植的术前降期或术前桥接在免疫治疗时代，是亟需探讨的重要问题。     

单剂疗法和10天疗法治疗尿路感染疗效对比分析

对比治疗尿路感染的疗法的疗效。方法 将女性尿路感染患者进行随机双盲分组,使用复方新诺明单剂治疗与10天治疗。同时测定两组各期阴道,肠道大肠杆菌感染情况。结果 开始治疗两周内,10天治疗治愈率明显高于单剂治疗组(P<0.05)。6周后后治愈率相近。在根绝阴道和肠道细菌方面,单剂治疗效果较差,导致治疗两周内同种菌株复发率增高。10天治疗副作用高于单剂治疗组(P<0.05)。结论 单剂及10天疗法各有优缺点。     

合理抗病毒治疗在实现慢性乙型肝炎指南治疗目标中的应用

本文就核苷类药物（NAs）和干扰素（IFN）两类药物的作用机理和特点以及如何选择和应用来实现慢性乙型肝炎治疗目标进行探讨。为逐步达到满意甚至理想的治疗目标,通过评估和监测乙型肝炎病毒表面抗原（HBsAg）和乙型肝炎病毒e抗原（HBeAg）定量的变化,需要在适合的时机联合序贯干扰素治疗。合理的抗病毒治疗可最大限度地提高慢性乙型肝炎的疗效。     

抗骨质疏松症药物序贯治疗研究现状

骨质疏松症是一种常见的全身性骨骼疾病，其造成的骨折等一系列临床终末事件正严重影响着我国国民健康水平。目前抗骨质疏松药物长程用药的风险、疗效尚不明确，骨质疏松症的慢病管理面临挑战。近年来许多临床研究表明不同类型药物的序贯治疗可以有效改善患者的骨密度、降低骨折风险，序贯治疗已经成为治疗骨质疏松症的重要手段，但是具体的序贯方案还有待进一步研究、探讨。笔者旨在对近年来抗骨质疏松药物序贯治疗的重要研究成果进行归纳总结，为临床工作提供参考和借鉴。     

原发性肝癌综合治疗的进展和热点

原发性肝癌（本文特指肝细胞癌,以下简称肝癌）的治疗原则是以手术为主的综合治疗。围绕提高根治性手术切除率和降低术后复发率等难题,肝癌的转化治疗、新辅助治疗和术后辅助治疗应运而生,极大地丰富了综合治疗的内涵,也成为研究热点。肝癌侵袭转移性强且常合并肝硬化等,综合治疗必不可少,但因手术适应证仍存在争议、个体间异质性大等原因,...     

Virtual reality: Feasibility of implementation in a regional burn center

Objective

Burn care providers continue to search for non-pharmacologic adjuncts for pain control. Virtual reality (VR) has been shown to be a useful adjunct by reducing pain during burn care and therapy. The feasibility of implementation for clinical use (non-research related) has not been studied in a burn center. The purpose of this study was to determine staff resources needed to implement VR in a regional burn center.

Methods

Ten patients with burns participated in VR during occupational or physical therapy sessions. A portable computer and VR head mounted device (Proview VO35, Kaiser Electro-Optics, Inc.) and the “SnowWorld” software (Patterson and Hoffman, University of Washington) were used. Two staff members trained in the use of VR participated in each session in order to adhere to infection control policies. VR set-up time, patient instruction time, VR therapy time, and equipment cleaning time were recorded and rounded to the nearest minute.

Results

A mean of 59 staff time minutes (S.D. 18; range 29–85) were required for set-up, instruction, VR therapy, and cleaning. Set-up required the most time, averaging 23 min. Instruction, participation, and clean-up means were 6, 13, and 16 min respectively. Time for set-up decreased over time, however technical difficulties with the VR equipment accounted for most of the variability in the time required.

Conclusions

These results suggest VR requires a significant time commitment from staff for implementation. One clear disadvantage was the lack of on-site technical support for equipment troubleshooting. In the current healthcare environment where therapists and nurses are accounting for each minute, it would be difficult for smaller burn centers to allocate staff and resources to implement a VR program. Further research is needed to determine if VR benefits are worth the implementation costs.     

A critical analysis of nonsurgical treatment of Peyronie's disease

OBJECTIVE: Because the efficacy of nonsurgical therapy of Peyronie's disease is controversial, this review analyses the current status of conservative therapy of Peyronie's disease. METHOD: A systematic survey on results of studies published as original papers in peer-reviewed journals is provided. RESULTS: Oral drug therapies include potassium para-aminobenzoate (Potaba), vitamin E, colchicine, tamoxifen, propoleum, acetyl-L-carnitine, and propionyl-L-carnitine. Verapamil, interferon-alpha2a and interferon-alpha2b, collagenase, cortisone, hyaluronidase, and superoxide dismutase are considered intralesional therapies that have had various degrees of success. Other treatments include local gels, iontophoresis, extracorporeal shock wave therapy, and radiation. CONCLUSION: This review analyses the current status of the conservative therapy of Peyronie's disease, because the efficacy of the nonsurgical therapy is controversial.