Interdisciplinary, functional approach to quality review

Dramatic changes in the standards of the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations, as part of its "Agenda for Change," pose new challenges for health care managers. The goal of the "Agenda for Change" is to focus accreditation on the actual performance of important functions while continuously stimulating improvement in the organization's performance and outcomes of care. In 1994, seven important functions--improvement of performance, leadership, management of information, assessment of patients, education of patients and families, operative and other procedures, and treatment of patients--were identified by JCAHO. Performance, as defined by JCAHO, can be measured through observing specific dimensions, such as, availability, safety, timeliness, effectiveness, continuity, efficiency, and respect and caring. These are considered important elements in the determination of quality, value, cost, and patient outcome. In 1995, JCAHO identified 11 important functions--patient rights and organizational ethics, assessment of patients, care of patients, education, continuum of care, improving organizational performance, leadership, management of the environment of care, management of human resources, management of information, and prevention and control of infection. In addition each institution has the opportunity to decide by prioritization where it wants to devote resources. This article reports on one hospital's response to the new JCAHO initiatives.     

社会转型风险的衡量方法与经验研究(1993～2004年)

中国在经历迅速的转型与发展的同时,也正步入一个高风险时代。本文从简要评述人类社会风险的历时变迁入手,从社会紧张、社会脆弱和社会不安全3个维度界定中国正在经历的“社会转型风险”,构建了衡量社会转型风险的指标体系,并利用层次分析法(AHP)确定各类指标的权重,基于统计年鉴和相关文献提供的数据,具体计算了1993～2004年间的社会转型风险指数,发现这期间社会风险的平均增长速度快于经济增长,尤以社会不安全指数的增长最快,但近年来增速呈现下降趋势,在未来几年可能在高位进入“平台期”。最后,作者结合转型期中国社会的一些新特点,从5个方面简要讨论了中国在转型期社会风险快速增长的发生机制。     

企业战略信息管理的理论模型

企业战略信息管理是随着信息技术在企业应用的深入与发展、信息资源战略地位的凸显、电子商务的出现以及知识经济的兴起而出现的一个新的信息实践和研究领域,占据这个制高点有利于整合信息资源和信息力量,有利于制定和落实“以信息化带动工业化”的战略,有利于企业的转型和跨越式发展,从而也有利于放大信息技术、信息资源和信息人员的作用并提高其在企业中的地位。企业战略信息管理是企业信息资源管理发展的高级阶段,是制定、实施和评估企业信息战略的过程,是由相互关联的信息技术管理、信息资源管理和电子商务管理三部分组成的,关注的重点在于确立企业信息战略构架、整合企业内外部的信息资源、促进企业的转型和可持续发展、塑造学习型组织。企业战略信息管理理论也是培养高级信息管理人才特别是信息主管(CIO)不可或缺的理论支撑。     

一个价值网关联的协同电子商务解构模型

从管理学角度简明了价值网的基本含义,描绘了协同电子商务的网络结构,分析了二者的关联统一性,继而探讨了价值网关联的协同电子商务解决方案及设计范式,并从理论上刻划了其解构模型,以期为联盟体中新型管理平台的再造或重构提供理想范式.     

产能过剩偏向性与环境污染——基于中介效应的检验

如何从矫正制度性缺失来破解我国环境污染较难根治且易于反复之谜是我国当前亟待解决的问题之一。本文尝试从行业和企业两个维度,基于中介效应模型,以产能过剩偏向性为视角来廓清中国环境污染治理之殇,并以顶层设计为抓手来明晰环境污染治理之道。研究发现:(1)产能过剩与环境污染的关系依赖于产能过剩在行业和企业维度上的偏向性,产能过剩是影响我国环境污染的重要原因,不同维度产能过剩的偏向性能够对环境污染产生较为显著的影响;(2)产能过剩偏向于污染密集型行业主要通过能源结构锁定效应和产业结构固化效应而加剧环境污染,产能过剩偏向于国有企业主要通过技术结构低端化效应而影响环境污染;(3)产能过剩偏向性作用于环境污染的路径不仅存在显著的市场化程度的调节效应,还存在着严重的区域异质性、水平异质性和阶段异质性。文章为推进制度变革、优化存量产能和有效治理环境污染提供了理论支持。     

城市化建设在西部开发中的重要作用研究

西部地区生态环境脆弱,基础设施较差,要想尽快缩小东西部之间的发展差距,进行大规模的西部开发,必须在生态建设和环境保护的前提下,尽快、有序地把农村人口向城市转移,加快城市化建设的步伐。在城市化建设的过程中,大、中城市是建设的重点;城市经济辐射能力的加强、投资环境的改善和第三产业的规模经济效益是城市化发展的方向;在互联网日益普及、国家全面实施"禁采"、"禁伐"以及"退耕还林、还草"的背景下,尽快改革目前的二元户籍制度,建立新的、科学公正的一元户籍制度,是加快城市化进程的必要条件;另外,西部的城市化建设还必须考虑东西联动和区域经济不平衡协调发展等因素。     

中国未来养老模式研究——基于时间银行的拓展路径

随着人口老龄化的加剧,占中国总人口70%左右的广大低收入城乡居民的养老保障成为关系国计民生的重要问题,也是建成社会主义现代化强国亟待解决的短板。由于政府养老资源的供给有限和个人养老资金的储蓄不足,时间银行这一新型互助劳务养老模式为完善低收入老龄化群体自我养老提供了新思路。为推进时间银行的广泛发展,本文基于扎根理论,探明了时间银行的构建思路,并通过时间的时间价值、简单劳务与复杂劳务换算、是否回到物物交易、时间储蓄继承制度的理论探讨和政府市场共同发力、加强信任机制建设、融入现代信息技术的保障措施解决了时间银行"规范运行"、"公平交易"、"通存通兑"、"转移接续"等时间置换与时间序列难题。本文旨在打造全方位、宽领域、多层次、一体化的养老服务生态,开创具有中国特色的劳务养老模式,为解决世界养老难题贡献中国智慧和中国方案。     

Assets of Foreignness: A Theoretical Integration and Agenda for Future Research

International business scholars are increasingly focusing on the unique advantages of being foreign, or assets of foreignness (AOFs). Although scholars have identified a broad range of AOFs, it is unclear why they exist. In this paper, we bring together extant yet disparate literature and integrate insights from the institution-based view, resource-based theory, and transaction cost economics to advance theory of the underlying sources and workings of AOFs. In doing so, we elucidate the conceptual underpinnings of AOFs as well as their relation to multinational enterprise (MNE) success, complementing scholarship regarding the liability of foreignness. Critically, we also distinguish AOFs from related concepts, such as ownership advantages, explaining how and why they differ conceptually. We put forth several testable propositions that stem from our synthesis of theory in this research stream, bolstering the conceptual foundations of the drivers, dynamics, and longevity of AOFs. Finally, we draw attention to under-researched aspects of AOFs, thereby propelling a theory-based agenda for future research on AOFs and, consequently, MNE success.     

Investigating evolutionary models of leadership among recently settled Ethiopian hunter-gatherers

Humans are thought to have evolved in small, egalitarian hunter-gatherer societies. Evolutionary theories of leadership, which draw heavily on studies of contemporary hunter-gatherer and other small-scale societies, have proposed numerous traits that putatively characterize leaders in domains of sociality, productivity, reproduction, dominance, and cognition. We investigated many such traits among the Chabu, an Ethiopian population of former hunter-gatherers who now subsist on hunting, gathering, horticulture, and cash crops.There were strong positive correlations among most traits across domains, which, in turn, were positively associated with elected leader status among both women and men. Measures of prestige and dominance were largely independent, and although both predicted leader status, prestige was more important. Biased social learning was a modest predictor of leader status but a stronger predictor of respect. Revised evolutionary theories of leadership must account for the importance of women leaders and the strong covariation of traits.     

An Integrated Approach to Oversight Assessment for Emerging Technologies

Analysis of oversight systems is often conducted from a single disciplinary perspective and by using a limited set of criteria for evaluation. In this article, we develop an approach that blends risk analysis, social science, public administration, legal, public policy, and ethical perspectives to develop a broad set of criteria for assessing oversight systems. Multiple methods, including historical analysis, expert elicitation, and behavioral consensus, were employed to develop multidisciplinary criteria for evaluating oversight of emerging technologies. Sixty‐six initial criteria were identified from extensive literature reviews and input from our Working Group. Criteria were placed in four categories reflecting the development, attributes, evolution, and outcomes of oversight systems. Expert elicitation, consensus methods, and multidisciplinary review of the literature were used to refine a condensed, operative set of criteria. Twenty‐eight criteria resulted spanning four categories: seven development criteria, 15 attribute criteria, five outcome criteria, and one evolution criterion. These criteria illuminate how oversight systems develop, operate, change, and affect society. We term our approach “integrated oversight assessment” and propose its use as a tool for analyzing relationships among features, outcomes, and tradeoffs of oversight systems. Comparisons among historical case studies of oversight using a consistent set of criteria should result in defensible and evidence‐supported lessons to guide the development of oversight systems for emerging technologies, such as nanotechnology.     

Major Psychological Factors Affecting Acceptance of Gene-Recombination Technology

The purpose of this study was to verify the validity of a causal model that was made to predict the acceptance of gene-recombination technology. A structural equation model was used as a causal model. First of all, based on preceding studies, the factors of perceived risk, perceived benefit, and trust were set up as important psychological factors determining acceptance of gene-recombination technology in the structural equation model. An additional factor, "sense of bioethics," which I consider to be important for acceptance of biotechnology, was added to the model. Based on previous studies, trust was set up to have an indirect influence on the acceptance of gene-recombination technology through perceived risk and perceived benefit in the model. Participants were 231 undergraduate students in Japan who answered a questionnaire with a 5-point bipolar scale. The results indicated that the proposed model fits the data well, and showed that acceptance of gene-recombination technology is explained largely by four factors, that is, perceived risk, perceived benefit, trust, and sense of bioethics, whether the technology is applied to plants, animals, or human beings. However, the relative importance of the four factors was found to vary depending on whether the gene-recombination technology was applied to plants, animals, or human beings. Specifically, the factor of sense of bioethics is the most important factor in acceptance of plant gene-recombination technology and animal gene-recombination technology, and the factors of trust and perceived risk are the most important factors in acceptance of human being gene-recombination technology.     

基于SOAR模型的网民群体负面情感建模研究

面向网络舆情演变过程中政府应急响应需求,本文基于SOAR （State,Operator and Result）模型,将网民作为智能体Agent,将网络舆情中网民群体行为转变过程看作相应舆情问题空间中状态随时间的连续转换过程,设计突发事件中网民群体负面情感SOAR Agent模型,包括网民Agent的工作记忆、长期记忆、决策过程、学习机制,构建网民群体行为转换规则库和相应算法。在此基础上,设计仿真实验,结合典型网络舆情事件案例,对政府不同应急措施下微博用户群体行为演变过程进行建模。实证结果表明,基于网民群体负面情感的建模,可以分析和预测在不同网络舆情阶段、不同政府应急响应措施下网民群体的行为决策规律。     

中国NGO的发展分析

本文分三个方面 ,系统阐述了作者对中国ＮＧＯ发展的基本观点。作者认为：ＮＧＯ指的是不以营利为目的且具有正式的组织形式、属于非政府体系的社会组织 ,它们具有一定的自治性、志愿性、公益性或互益性。中国ＮＧＯ作为转型时期过渡性的社会组织 ,在广义上包括如下形式：会员制公益性组织 ,运作型组织 (基金会 ) ,实体型社会服务机构 (民办非企业单位 ) ,互益型的经济性团体和社会性团体 ,大量未登记或转登记团体 ,以及转型中的事业单位和人民团体。这些被称为ＮＧＯ的社会组织活跃在转型期中国的社会、经济、文化和政治生活的各个方面 ,特…     

Prior education and entrepreneurial intentions: the differential impact of a wide range of fields of study

Studies on entrepreneurial intentions often neglect the heterogeneity of individuals’ education background. This paper develops an integrated intention-based framework and analyzes the impact of fields of study on entrepreneurial intentions. Based on a sample of 2423 final-year students, enrolled in 32 fields of study, and resorting to logistic estimations, we find that, beside the attitude towards starting a business, fields of study, considered at a highly detailed level, are relevant (direct and indirect) predictors of entrepreneurial intention. We unambiguously show that there is a huge hidden potential for new venture creation in fields of study related to creative and leisure activities (e.g., Arts and humanities, or, more specifically, Literature and linguistics, History and archaeology, Audio-visual techniques and media production, Sports, and Architecture and town planning), Law, and Health (most notably, Pharmacy and Veterinary). Significant differences in the level of intention between students of different fields of study indicate that universities should more extensively focus entrepreneurship education on students in other subject area than business or engineering/technology sciences.     

责任式创新的多主体演化博弈研究——以新冠疫苗研发为例

责任式创新需要多主体的共同参与,探索企业、消费者、政府等多主体的演化博弈规律,对于推动以新冠疫苗研发为典型代表的责任式创新具有重要意义。本文以新冠疫苗研发为例,构建了企业、消费者和政府三方在实施责任式创新行为中的演化博弈模型,并通过MATLAB进行数值模拟。结果表明,在责任式创新过程中,三方最终的演化稳定策略是企业实施责任式创新、公众参与责任式创新,但政府弱干预(消极提倡)责任式创新;企业的收益和成本、政府补贴均影响企业和消费者的演化结果,而对政府决策影响较小;利益相关者的初始状态对三方演化收敛速度有显著影响。     

Unsicherheiten im Beratungsdiskurs

Uncertainties in discourses of consulting. Why consultees need philosophy — pragmatism for exampleThe author demonstrates, in which way the pragmatism, particularly the philosophy of John Dewey with his aspects of epistemology, theory of acting, theory of learning, theory of democracy and ethics, can help, how people in organisations can learn to act intelligently and successfully in processes of consulting, although just today uncertainties are wide-spread.     

产业共性技术产学研协同研发策略的微分博弈研究

针对产业共性技术产学研协同研发问题,本文以单个研究机构（大学、科研院所）和单个企业为研究对象,通过构建微分博弈模型,运用HJB方程分别分析了三种产业共性技术研发博弈情形下研究机构和企业各自的最优研发努力程度、最优研发收益、双方最优研发总收益以及企业对研究机构的研发投入补贴。通过对三种博弈结果的比较分析发现：（1）研发投入补贴作为一种激励策略,可促进研究机构研发努力程度、研究机构与企业各自研发收益以及双方研发总收益的提升;（2）协同合作博弈情形下研究机构与企业各自研发努力程度、各自研发收益和双方研发总收益均优于非合作情形。为协调研究机构与企业的产业共性技术协同研发行为,通过讨论收益分配系数α的取值范围进而分析产业共性技术产学研协同研发的收益协调机制。最后,通过算例分析验证了理论推导的结果。     

Transfer interest: measuring interest in training content and interest in training transfer

ABSTRACT

Motivational influences are important predictors of training effectiveness and transfer of training to the workplace. The present study introduces the Transfer Interest Questionnaire (TIQ) to measure trainee interest. Grounded in the person-object theory of interest, the construct encompasses two dimensions: interest in training content and interest in training transfer. The results of exploratory factor analyses of questionnaire data from 203 trainees provided strong support for the proposed scales. Based on the perspective of age-related motivational maintenance, socioemotional selectivity theory, the gender-similarities hypothesis, and research on training motivation and motivation to transfer, a series of moderator analyses tested the effects of six trainee and training-design characteristics: trainees’ age and gender, work experience, number of semesters completed, training course’s content area, and voluntary vs. mandatory training participation. Furthermore, based on social cognitive theory, the theory of planned behavior, and the expectancy-value model of achievement motivation, the study tested the TIQ scales’ associations with utility value, self-efficacy, normative beliefs, control beliefs, and transfer intentions. Implications for theorizing the role of interest in transfer of learning, screening training participants’ interest profiles in training evaluations, and future research directions on the role of interest in adult education, corporate training, and human resource development are discussed.     

创业研究回顾与展望

创业实践因新兴技术驱动的经济社会环境变革而发生了重大变化,涌现出了不少组织和战略理论甚至是创业研究也难以回答的新现象和新问题,这些现象和问题在中国情境下表现得非常突出,但并没有引起学者们的足够重视。基于此,本文采用扎根理论的编码设计,开展2008~2018年间发表的1842篇国际顶级创业研究文献的统计分析,在描述和评价研究主题发展态势和进展基础上,归纳出以创业前因、创业实施、创业结果与创业情境为体系的创业研究主题框架,进一步提出未来研究趋势和中国情境下开展创业研究的建议。研究结果对于推动我国创业研究的深化发展并开展具有国际学术影响力的高水平研究有着重要的理论价值。     

可持续发展管理:从指标体系到政策

本文提出可持续发展指标与政策的构成基础,强调对可持续发展管理来说,政策比指标更为需要。