全氟碳化合物在离体心脏长时程低温保存中的作用

目的 研究全氟化碳化合物(PFC)在大鼠离体心脏长时程低温保存中的作用.方法 30只Wistar大鼠随机分为对照组(Celsior保存液)、Celsior 液通氧组(Celsior+O2)、双层法通氧组(PFC/Celsior+O2),每组10只.制备大鼠离体心脏Langendorff灌注模型.离体心脏在4 ℃条件下保存8 h,于复灌期分别检测血流动力学指标、冠脉流出量及磷酸肌酸激酶(CK) 、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH) 和天门冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)漏出量,观察心肌超微结构的改变.结果 心脏复灌后,与对照组和Celsior+O2组比较,Celsior/PFC+O2组左心室舒张压和左心室压力变化速率明显上升(P<0.01),LDH、CK和AST漏出量明显减少(P<0.01);而Celsior+O2组与对照组上述指标比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05).超微结构观察发现,与对照组和Celsior+O2组比较,低温保存后PFC/Celsior+O2组心肌纤维排列较整齐,肌浆网扩张、线粒体肿胀及嵴结构破坏程度均较轻.结论 氧合的PFC与常规心脏保存液联合应用能够通过向缺血心肌提供更多的氧来改善能量代谢,提高离体大鼠心脏长时程低温保存的效果.     

线粒体ATP敏感性钾通道开放剂改善大鼠心脏冷保存

目的:探讨线粒体ATP敏感性钾通道开放剂二氮嗪 (DE)对离体大鼠心脏冷保存效果的影响及作用机制.方法:SD大鼠随机分成对照组、DE组、DE 5-HD组.利用Langendorff离体鼠心灌注法,各组心脏在4℃条件下分别保存3 h和8 h后,复灌60 min,观察各组大鼠血流动力学的恢复情况、冠脉流出液中心肌酶漏出量、心肌水含量的变化及心肌超微结构改变.结果:在Celsior心麻痹液中添加30 μmol/L的DE后,能明显改善冷保存3 h心脏的左心室发展压力的恢复,降低心肌酶(LDH、CK)在某些复灌时间点上的漏出,但对保存后左心室舒张末期压力的抬高和冠脉流量的恢复及心肌水肿程度无明显作用;而相同浓度的DE添加到Celsior心麻痹液中,可明显降低冷保存8 h心脏左心室舒张末期压力的抬高,改善左心室发展压力和冠脉流量的恢复,降低心肌酶(LDH、CK、GOT)的漏出,缓解心肌水肿,对心肌的超微结构也有较好的保护作用,其中30和45 μmol/L DE组对冷保存8 h心脏的保护作用优于15 μmol/L DE组,而3 0及45 μmol/L DE组之间并无显著性差异.DE的上述作用可被线粒体ATP敏感性钾通道的特异性阻断剂5-HD所取消.结论:DE可通过激活线粒体ATP敏感性钾通道显著改善离体大鼠心脏冷保存效果.     

全氟碳化合物在离体心脏长时程低温保存中的作用

目的 研究全氟化碳化合物（PFC）在大鼠离体心脏长时程低温保存中的作用。方法 30只Wistar大鼠随机分为对照组（Celsior保存液）、Celsior 液通氧组（Celsior+O₂）、双层法通氧组（PFC/Celsior+O₂）,每组10只。制备大鼠离体心脏Langendorff灌注模型。离体心脏在4 ℃条件下保存8 h,于复灌期分别检测血流动力学指标、冠脉流出量及磷酸肌酸激酶(CK) 、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH) 和天门冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)漏出量,观察心肌超微结构的改变。结果 心脏复灌后,与对照组和Celsior+O₂组比较,Celsior/PFC+O₂组左心室舒张压和左心室压力变化速率明显上升（P<0.01）,LDH、CK和AST漏出量明显减少（P<0.01）;而Celsior+O₂组与对照组上述指标比较差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）。超微结构观察发现,与对照组和Celsior+O2组比较,低温保存后PFC/Celsior+O₂组心肌纤维排列较整齐,肌浆网扩张、线粒体肿胀及嵴结构破坏程度均较轻。结论 氧合的PFC与常规心脏保存液联合应用能够通过向缺血心肌提供更多的氧来改善能量代谢,提高离体大鼠心脏长时程低温保存的效果。     

乌拉坦增强延长离体大鼠心脏的低温保存效果

目的：观察乌拉坦对延长离体大鼠心脏的低温保存作用.方法：成年雄性SD大鼠分为两组（n=6）：对照组：HTK保存液; 试验组：HTK保存液加乌拉坦（30mmol/L）.心脏分别置入两种保存液4℃下保存6和18h.采用Langendorff心脏灌注装置进行保存前及保存后再灌注30min时心脏功能测定,比较心脏功能恢复率、ATP含量、细胞凋亡和超微结构变化.结果：低温保存后实验组左室功能恢复率较对照组明显升高,细胞凋亡及超微结构损伤较对照组减轻; 保存18h后实验组ATP含量显著高于对照组.结论：乌拉坦加入HTK心脏保存液能够显著增强离体大鼠心脏的低温保存效果.     

低温氧合血+Celsior液微流量持续灌注对大鼠右心的保护效果

目的 探讨低温氧合血+Celsior液微流量持续灌注对大鼠右心的保护效果.方法 Wistar大鼠切取全心,随机分为3组,实验组的心脏以4℃氧合血+Celsior液微流量(1 mL/h)持续灌注低温保存4 h;对照组以4℃Celsior液微流量持续灌注低温保存4 h;单纯冷保存组以4℃Celsior液单纯浸泡保存4 h.保存后的鼠心用Langen-dorff装置灌注,切除右心耳,将一球囊放入右心室.测定右心室血流动力学指标;高效液相色谱仪测定ATP含量;光镜和电镜观察心肌组织的形态学改变.结果 灌注30 min时,实验组的右心室收缩压(RVSP)为(26.64±3.3)mmHg,右室舒张压(RVDP)为(19.07±3.23)mmHg,右心室压力微分(±dp/dt)为(752±77)mmH/s;对照组的RVSP为(23.98±4.02)mmHg,RVDP为(11.31±2.46)mmHg,±dp/dt为(548±103)mmHg/s;单纯冷保存组的RVSP为(22.38±3.65)mmHg,RVDP为(9.43±2.44)mmHg,±dp/dt为(457±151)mmHg/s,实验组的血流动力学指标优于对照组和单纯冷保存组(P<0.05).实验组心肌细胞的ATP含量为(1.225±0.316)μmol/L,对照组为(0.852±0.303)μmol/L,单纯冷冻保存组为(0.587±0.232)μmol/L,实验组ATP含量明显高于对照组和单纯冷保存组(P<0.05).实验组的组织学损害轻于对照组和单纯冷保存组.结论 低温氧合血+Celsior液微流量持续灌注对大鼠右心有保护效果.     

含吡那地尔心脏保存液的供心保存效果

目的观察含不同浓度吡那地尔的心脏保存液对供心的保存效果。方法 40只SD大鼠根据供心保存方式随机分为正常对照组、Celsior液对照组、Celsior液+0.25 mmol/L吡那地尔组、Celsior液+0.5 mmol/L吡那地尔组和Celsior液+1 mmol/L吡那地尔组(n=8)。建立Langendorff离体心脏灌注模型,离体心脏置各保存液中6 h,再灌注30 min,观察并比较各组心功能指标[左心室收缩末压(LVESP)、左心室发展压(LVDP)、冠脉流量(CF)、左心室内压最大上升速率(dp/dtmax)和左心室内压最大下降速率(dp/dtmin)]、心肌超微结构和心肌细胞凋亡指数。结果与Celsior液对照组、Celsior液+0.25 mmol/L吡那地尔组和Celsior液+1 mmol/L吡那地尔组比较,Celsior液+0.5 mmol/L吡那地尔组大鼠供心LVESP、LVDP、CF、dp/dtmax和dp/dtmin显著提高(P<0.05),心肌细胞凋亡指数显著降低(P<0.05),且心肌细胞和线粒体结构较为完整。结论与单纯Celsior心脏保存液相比,含0.5 mmol/L吡那...     

含二氮嗪的Celsior液和HTK液对移植鼠心脏超时低温保存效果的分析

目的评价含二氮嗪的Celsior液和HTK液对移植鼠心长时间低温保存的效果。方法将32只同种系雄性SD大鼠随机分为Celsior液组和HTK液组，每组8对。采用改良Heron法大鼠颈部异位心脏移植术建立模型。供体麻醉抗凝后，4℃ stanford停搏液灌注心脏停跳，制备离体鼠心，保存于4℃两种不同保存液中10h。之后移植于受体，成功复跳后观察1h，留取标本并测定心率（HR）、心肌含水量（MWC）、心肌肌钙蛋白Ⅰ（cTnⅠ）、心肌酶谱[乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）、磷酸肌酸激酶（CK）]，并观察心肌超微结构。结果两组大鼠心脏复跳后均跳动有力、心律齐，与Celsior液组比较，HTK液组大鼠HR明显较慢（P〈005），cTnⅠ、LDH及CK含量明显较高（P〈005），但MWC并无明显变化（P〉0．05）。心肌超微结构显示，Celsior液组大鼠心肌结构清楚，肌纤维排列较整齐，肌节清晰，偶见肌丝溶解；线粒体肿胀不明显，嵴结构相对清楚。HTK液组大鼠心肌结构尚清楚，肌纤维疏松，个别区域肌丝肌节溶解，线粒体轻度肿胀，嵴排列尚整齐，偶有空泡变性。结论含二氮嗪的Celsior液和HTK液低温长时间（10h）保存离体心脏均具有良好的心肌保护效作用，而且相对于HTK液，Celsior液的保存效果更好，可作为临床上心脏移植手术中心脏保存的一种有效的方法。     

氯胺酮对大鼠肾脏低温延时保存影响的形态学观察

目的:观察氯胺酮对大鼠肾脏低温保存期间肾皮质形态学的影响。方法:雄性SD大鼠分别用0～4℃单纯高渗枸椽酸盐嘌呤溶液(HC-A)保存液、加入氯胺酮10-5μmol/L的HC-A保存液50～100 ml原位逆行灌注肾脏,离体低温保存24、48、72 h,取材在光镜和电镜下作形态学观察。结果:低温保存72 h内氯胺酮组肾脏光镜和电镜下组织形态学有明显改变,细胞和细胞器变性坏死,肾间质高度水肿;单纯HC-A保存液组上述改变较轻。结论:在器官保存液中加入氯胺酮,不利于肾脏低温保存。     

尼可地尔对离体兔心不同保存时间的超微结构变化

目的：探讨尼可地尔预处理及超极化保存液对离体兔心的保存效果，以及不同保存时间对心肌超徽结构的影响。方法：健康大白兔32只，随机分成4组，每组8只，Ⅰ组：低温保存2h；Ⅱ组：低温保存6h；Ⅲ组：低温保存8h；Ⅳ组：低温保存10h。每组供心均用超极化心肌保存液进行低温保存。用电镜观察保存后的心室肌超微结构。比较不同保存时间心肌超微结构的变化。结果：从电镜观察来看，兔心保存4h时心肌间连接完整，肌丝捧列规则，线粒体结构与形态基本正常；在保存6h以后心肌纤维捧列尚整齐，线粒体轻度肿胀；在保存8h后心肌纤维捧列紊乱，线粒体嵴肿胀，个别线粒体出现空泡化；10h时心肌组织出现明显的局灶性肌丝消失，内皮细胞肿胀、血管腔狭窄。结论：超极化心脏保存液在低温保存供心10h后心肌组织出现明显的超微结构改变。     

肝脏缺血再灌注损伤大鼠嘌呤核苷磷酸酶活性的研究

目的:探讨大鼠肝脏低温保存及常温缺血再灌注过程中,不同保存液中嘌呤核苷磷酸酶(PNP)活性的变化.方法:将大鼠肝脏在3种不同保存液中低温保存不同时限后,用37℃Krebs-Henseleit液连续循环灌注90min,分别于不同灌注时间检测灌洗液中PNP活性的变化.结果:经过8 h的低温保存,再灌注90min后,HTK保存的肝脏中PNP明显高于UW和Celsior;经过16 h的低温保存后,再灌注60min前,HTK保存的肝脏中PNP明显高于UW和Celsior;60min后HTK和Celsior保存的肝脏中PNP明显高于UW;经过24 h的低温保存后,再灌注15min后,HTK保存的肝脏中PNP明显高于Celsior,而Celsior又明显高于UW.结论:随着低温保存和再灌注时间的延长,大鼠肝脏中PNP逐渐增高且UW液的保存效果明显优于HTK和Celsior     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Electro-Acupuncture Combined with the Trigger Point Needle-Embedding for Treatment of Primary Trigeminal Neuralgia in 31 Cases

In recent years, the author of this essay has applied electro-acupuncture combined with the trigger point needle-embedding for treatment of primary trigeminal neuralgia in 31 cases, yielding satis- factory results as reported in the following.     

Investigation of Matrix Metalloproteinase -1, 2 and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases-1 in Endometriosis

Objective： To explore the role of matrix metalloproteinase-1,2 （MMP-1, MMP-2） and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases-1 （TIMP-1） in endometriosis. Methods： The eutopic and ectopic endometria from 40 subjects suffering from endometriosis and regular.endometria from 40 subjects （excluding endometriosis） were collected and examined by in situ hybridization technology and western blot assay. Results： Both expressions of MMP-1 and -2 were stronger in ectopic endometrium and eutopic endometrium than in normal endometrium. On the contrary, the expression of TIMP-1 in ectopic endometrium and eutopic endometrium was lower. The differences were significant （P 〈 0.01 ）. Moreover, there was no relationship among the expressions of MMP-1, 2 and TIMP-1 in ectopic endometrium. Conclusion： The expressions of MMP-1, 2 and TIMP-1 lose balance and lack of periodic changes in ectopic endometrium , which explains the biological invasive behavior of endometriosis. It was suggested-that regulating the balance between the MMPs and TIMP-1 should be an ideal therapeutic target to endometriosis.     

Shi Da-zhuo (史大卓) —An outstanding cardiologist of integrative medicine

Prof. SHI Da-zhuo, Ph.D., male, was born on March 20, 1960. Prof. SHI entered the Ph.D. program in 1990 at the China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences under the supervision of Prof. CHEN Ke-ji, majoring in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. After receiving his Ph.D. degree in 1993, Prof. SHI started working at the Cardiovascular Center in Xiyuan Hospital affiliated to China Academy of Chinese Medical sciences.     

Persist in and Carry Forward the Integrative Medical Research——Speech at the 6th National General Congress of Chinese Association of Integrative Medicine by Academician CHEN Zhu,Minister of Ministry of Health

The 6th National General Congress of Chinese Association of Integrative Medicine （CALM） was convened at 19-20, April 2008 in Beijing. Academician CHEN Zhu, the minister of Ministry of Health indicated at the congress that the integration of Chinese and Western medicine is very well in keeping with the situation of our country and the general rule of development in medical science; and as a good integration of Chinese medicine and Western medicine, it is mutually beneficial and advantageous to both of them. Seeing the creativity shown in integrative medical investigation in theoretic and methodological sides, we should and must persist in and develop it.