冠状动脉扭曲的研究现状

冠状动脉扭曲为冠状动脉造影术中的常见现象,表现为冠状动脉三支主干血管存在明显且较多的弯曲.冠状动脉造影为诊断冠状动脉扭曲的主要方法,但目前尚无对冠状动脉扭曲较为统一的诊断标准.冠状动脉扭曲发病机制可能为冠状动脉血流量和血流压力改变引起冠状动脉结构的重构,与性别、左室压力及容量负荷等相关.冠状动脉扭曲可能会影响冠状动脉血...     

椎动脉起始部迂曲对血管性眩晕的影响及其临床危险因素

目的 探讨椎动脉起始部迂曲对血管性眩晕的影响及其临床危险因素. 方法 连续入选神经内科病房住院的老年眩晕患者206例,记录脑血管病相关的临床危险因素、眩晕分级、治疗缓解天数,检测血清总胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)、超敏C-反应蛋白(hsCRP),进行颈部CT血管成像(CTA)或对比增强磁共振血管成像(CEMRA)检查.将眩晕患者分为椎动脉起始部迂曲组(137例)与非迂曲组(69例),采用Logistic回归分析探讨椎动脉起始部迂曲的临床危险因素. 结果 椎动脉起始部迂曲组合并椎动脉优势者多于非迂曲组,差异有统计学意义(75例比26例,x2 =2.496,P＜0.01).椎动脉起始部迂曲患者眩晕级别:1级17例,2级36例,3级79例,4级4例,5级1例;治疗缓解天数为1～1o d.非迂曲组眩晕级别:1级18例,2级35例,3级10例,4级3例,5级1例,治疗缓解天数1～6 d,两组比较差异均有统计学意义(t=2.014,2.849,均P＜0.01).单因素分析结果表明,年龄、高血压病、高LDL-C、糖尿病、吸烟、脑卒中史、椎动脉优势及颈椎病等两组之间差异有统计学意义(x2=7.498、5.182、3.724、10.461、6.883、2.748、4.496、8.265,均P＜0.05).Logistic回归分析表明,年龄＞65岁(95％CI:5.36～18.23,OR=4.84)、高血压病(95％CI:2.79～16.45,OR=3.21)、椎动脉优势(95％CI:3.25～13.49,OR=5.48)和颈椎病(95％ CI:4.38～21.28,OR=3.57)为椎动脉起始部迂曲的临床高危因素. 结论 椎动脉起始部迂曲者眩晕级别高、治疗缓解天数延长;年龄＞65岁、高血压病、椎动脉优势和颈椎病为椎动脉起始部迂曲的临床高危因素.     

Percutaneous intervention on the LIMA: tackling the tortuosity

Percutaneous intervention on a tortuous left internal mammary artery (LIMA) graft is often challenging as the LIMA develops straightening and accordioning after the guidewire and dilatation balloon are placed in the graft, making angiographic assessment of the result impossible if there is no flow through the graft. We describe a new technique that overcomes this problem.     

Cardiovascular findings in arterial tortuosity syndrome

A boy presented at birth with an axial diaphragmatic hernia,hyperelastic skin, hyperextensible joints, and arachnodactyly.During infancy, he developed bilateral inguinal herniae andgeneralized muscular hypotonia. Echocardiography showed an anomaloustortuous course     

基底动脉弯曲及其临床意义

随着神经影像学的发展,基底动脉弯曲检出率明显增高.基底动脉弯曲的发生和发展过程受年龄、基底动脉长度、椎动脉优势等因素的影响.基底动脉弯曲会影响后循环血液供应,并可能造成脑干和脑神经压迫导致相应的临床症状.     

Histochemical comparison of the enzyme profiles of healthy veins and varicose veins

In the context of studies bearing on the enzymatic activity in healthy veins and varicose veins, sample sections of veins were excised in eight patients with primary varices of the long saphenous vein. The veins were subjected to histochemical methods for identifying enzymes. The histochemical dosage related to lactate-dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase, adenosine triphosphoric acid enzymes, as well as lysosomal beta-glucuronidase, non-specific esterase and phosphatase acid enzymes. The authors deal with the specific problems involved in the different enzymatic methods, and their relevance to prognosis. In conformity with the results of our histochemical studies, the comparison between the enzymatic profiles of healthy and varicose veins showed an increase in lysosmal enzyme activity in the vein walls leading to varicose degeneration. The increase in activity was more pronounced in the media than in the intima. A reverse pattern was observed in the behaviour of enzymes involved in energetic metabolism. The enzymatic activity in the venous wall leading to varicose degeneration proved to have decreased. This reduction in the enzymatic activity was more marked in the intima than in the media and was particularly pronounced in the case of the histochemical identification of adenosine triphosphoric acid Ca++.     

CT of the pulmonary veins

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a common cardiac rhythm disturbance and its incidence is increasing. Radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA) is a highly successful therapy for treating AF, and its use is becoming more widespread; however, with its increasing use and evolving technique, known complications are better understood and new complications are emerging. Computed tomography (CT) of the pulmonary veins, or more correctly, the posterior left atrium (LA), has an established role in precisely defining the complex anatomy of the LA and pulmonary veins preablation and has an expanding role in identifying the myriad of possible complications postablation. The purposes of this article are: to review AF and RFCA; to discuss CT evaluation of the LA and pulmonary veins preablation; and to review the complications of RFCA focusing on the role of CT postablation.