共沉淀法制备钛酸钡微粉的研究

对以ＴｉＣｌ_４和ＢａＣｌ_２为原料,以ＮＨ_４ＨＣＯ^３＋ＮＨ_３·Ｈ_２Ｏ作沉淀剂,制备钛酸钡粉末的过程进行了详细的热力学分析,找出了合成钛酸钡的条件和范围,详细地讨论了反应方式和前躯体洗涤条件．实验研究了反应物钡钛比,终点ｐＨ值,煅烧温度,以及分散剂对产物理化性能的影响．结果表明：在ＮＨ_４ＨＣＯ_３／ＢａＣｌ_２＝１．２,ＴｉＣｌ_４／ＢａＣｌ_２＝１－１．０１,充分搅拌反应１ｈ,煅烧温度９２０℃,煅烧时间２ｈ条件下,可以制得较理想的产物．在反应体系中加入适量分散剂可以明显降低产物的粒径．     

LiNiO2热分解反应动力学研究

用ＤＴＡ和ＸＲＤ研究了ＬｉＮｉＯ_２在空气中的热分解过程为：ＬｉＮｉＯ_２（ｓ）→(６５０～７２０℃)Ｌｉ_２Ｎｉ_８Ｏ_{１０（ｓ）}＋４Ｌｉ_２Ｏ_（ｓ）＋Ｏ_２（ｇ）→(８５０～９５０℃)Ｌｉ_２Ｏ_（ｓ）＋８ＮｉＯ_（ｓ）＋１／２Ｏ_２（ｇ） →(１０００～１１５０℃)ＮｉＯ（ｓ）＋Ｌｉ_２Ｏ_（ｇ）用 Ｄｏｙｌｅ－Ｏｚａｗａ法和 Ｋｉｓｓｉｎｇｅｒ法计算了各反应阶段的表观活化能分别为 ７４７．１８±１．０ ｋＪ·ｍｏｌ^－１、９３２．４６±１．０ ｋＪ·ｍｏｌ^－１和 １１２６．９７±１．０ ｋＪ·ｍｏｌ^－１．用 Ｋｉｓｓｉｎｇｅｒ法确定了反应级数和频率因子,确定了三个阶段的动力学方程分别为 ｄα／ｄt＝１．７３６ｘ１０３９ｅ^{－９００００／Ｔ}（１－α）^{１．０５７}; ｄα／ｄｔ＝１８０６×１０^３９ｅ^{－１１１５００／Ｔ}（１－α）^{０．８４４};ｄα／ｄｔ＝４．２６２×１０４２ｅ^{－１３５０００／Ｔ}（１－α）^{１．２７５}     

嵌有纳米碳颗粒凝胶玻璃的制备及其发光特性

以磷酸三乙酯、硝酸铝和正硅酸乙酯为原料,通过它们的水解制备了ｘＡｌ_２Ｏ_３·ｘＰ_２Ｏ₅·１００ＳｉＯ_２（ｘ＝０．２５～３）凝胶．在６００℃对凝胶进行热处理,使其中的有机基团炭化,从而制备出了镶嵌有碳纳米颗粒的ｘＡｌ_２Ｏ_３·ｘＰ_２Ｏ_５·１００ＳｉＯ_２（ｘ＝０．２５,０．５）凝胶玻璃．在室温下以５３２ｎｍ激光（Ｎｄ：ＹＡＧ）激发,在 ６３０ｎｍ处有一强的发光峰,该发光现象是由镶嵌在凝胶玻璃中的纳米碳颗粒产生的．     

聚乙烯醇(PVA)对无支撑氧化铝膜微观结构的影响

聚乙烯醇（ＰＶＡ）能够避免溶胶－凝胶法制备的Ａｌ_２Ｏ_３膜在干燥阶段产生微裂纹,同时也对Ａｌ_２Ｏ_３膜的微观结构产生影响．利用ＸＲＤ、ＤＴＡ、ＴＧＡ、ＦＴ－ＩＲ及Ｎ_２吸附等手段研究掺杂ＰＶＡ对Ａｌ_２Ｏ_３膜的物相组成、热稳定性以及比表面积、孔径分布、孔表面分形性等微观结构的影响．研究表明,经过４００℃煅烧ＰＶＡ完全排除．与纯Ａｌ_２Ｏ_３膜相比,添加ＰＶＡ的Ａｌ_２Ｏ_３膜吸附量较大,比表面积有所增大,但并不随着ＰＶＡ含量的增多而增加．ＰＶＡ有利于 Ａｌ_２Ｏ_３膜孔径的调整,使孔径分布更狭窄,孔体积也有较大程度的增加．随着 ＰＶＡ的加入,Ａｌ_２Ｏ_３膜的孔表面分形维数降低．     

前驱体制备途径对PFN-PMN二元铅基铁电陶瓷性能的影响

综合运用 ＸＲＤ、ＳＥＭ、ＴＥＭ、ＥＤＳ和介电测量等方法,考察了一步预煅烧法和二步预煅烧法等前驱体制备途径对Ｐｂ（Ｆｅ_１／２Ｎｂ_１／２）Ｏ_３（ＰＦＮ）－Ｐｂ（Ｍｇ_１／３Ｎｂ_２／３）Ｏ_３（ＰＭＮ）二元系铁电陶瓷显微结构和介电性能的影响．研究结果表明,对（１－Ｘ）ＰＦＮ－ＸＰＭＮ二元系而言,在所考查的组成范围内（Ｘ＝０～０.５）;其居里温度与ＰＭＮ的含量近似成线性关系,且随Ｘ的增加,居里温度向低温方向移动.峰值介电常数随Ｘ的增加而降低．（预）煅烧和烧结条件对显微结构和介电性能都有不可忽视的影响．对用一步预煅烧法和二步预煅烧法得到的样品的介电性能和其他性能进行了比较,并对其差异产生的可能机制进行了讨论．     

Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3-BaTiO3陶瓷的介电和压电性能研究

研究了Ｎａ_０．５Ｂｉ_０．５ＴｉＯ_３和（Ｎａ_０．５Ｂｉ_０．５）_０．９４Ｂａ_０．０６ＴｉＯ_３陶瓷的电滞回线、压电性能和热滞现象·得到（Ｎａ_０．５Ｂｉ_０．５）_０．９４Ｂａ_０．０６ＴｉＯ_３陶瓷的剩余极化Ｐ_ｒ＝１９ｕＣ／ｃｍ^２、矫顽场Ｅ_ｃ＝４．７ｋＶ／ｍｍ．发现用适量的Ｂａ^２＋取代（Ｎａ_０．５Ｂｉ_０．５）^２＋尽管压电性能有所提高,但同时使得材料的温度稳定性大大降低．     

氮化碳薄膜的结构与特性

采用射频等离子体增强化学气相沉积（ＣＶＤ）＋负偏压热丝辅助方法直接在Ｓｉ（１００）衬底上制备了多晶Ｃ_３Ｎ_４薄膜．Ｘ射线衍射测试表明,薄膜同时含有α－和β-Ｃ_３Ｎ_４晶相以及未知结构,没有观测到石墨衍射峰．利用扫描电子显微镜观测到线度约２μｍ、横截面为六边形的β－Ｃ_３Ｎ_４晶粒．纳米压痕法测得薄膜的硬度达７２．６６ ＧＰａ．     

二氧化钒薄膜在α-Al2O3衬底上的外延生长及其金属-半导体相变特性研究

利用ＸＲＤ及ＸＲＤ极图技术表征了用激光剥离技术生长的ＶＯ_２薄膜．结果表明：在衬底温度为５００℃,氧气偏压６．６７Ｐａ的条件下,在Ａｌ_２Ｏ_３（１１２０）衬底上能实现ＶＯ_２的二维外延生长．薄膜的结构除了与沉积工艺有关外,还和衬底的取向密切相关．在Ａｌ_２Ｏ_３（１１２０）衬底上,定向生长的（１００）ＶＯ_２在Ｍｉｌｌａｒ指数＜５时,除了［０１０］以外,不存在其他晶格矢量与衬底相匹配,从而不可能实现三维单晶薄膜的外延生长．电学特性的测试结果显示,在温度为６５℃左右,ＶＯ_２薄膜出现相交,薄膜的电阻率变化达４个数量级．     

表面诱导沉淀法制备Al2O3-ZrO2纳米复合粉体

采用表面诱导沉淀法,制备了Ａｌ_２Ｏ_３－ＺｒＯ_２（１５ｖｏｌ％）纳米复合粉料,利用透射电子显微镜对其形貌进行了表征．结果表明：在ｐＨ＝５时,可以使ＺｒＯ_２前驱体均匀地包裹在Ａｌ_２Ｏ_３颗粒表面,经过８００℃煅烧之后,Ａｌ_２Ｏ_３颗粒表面均匀地结合着粒径约为３０ｎｍ的ＺｒＯ_２颗粒,ＺｒＯ_２颗粒尺寸均匀．该粉体经过２４ｈ球磨和超声波处理之后,未发生ＺｒＯ_２颗粒脱落现象,表明ＺｒＯ_２颗粒与Ａｌ_２Ｏ_３颗粒表面结合紧密．     

PTCR陶瓷材料的超低温烧结

主要研究了ＢＮ对ＰＴＣＲ陶瓷材料低温烧结的作用．对Ｌａ掺杂ＢａＴｉＯ_３ＰＴＣＲ陶瓷,在１１００℃的低温下烧结可以得到室温电阻率为１５０Ω·ｃｍ、升阻比为４．９个数量级的样品．对居里温度为３６０℃的高居里点（Ｂａ_０．４Ｐｂ_０．６）ＴｉＯ_３ ＰＴＣＲ陶瓷材料,选用 Ｎｂ_２Ｏ_５为半导化剂,ＢＮ和ＡＳＴ为助烧剂时,可以在１０００℃左右的超低温下烧成．同时,对ＢＮ助烧剂的液相烧结机制进行了初步的探讨．     

PZT陶瓷中由氧空位与畴壁相互作用引起的内耗

采用低频倒置扭摆内耗仪对组分为 Pb(Zr0.7Ti0.3)O3 (PZT73)和 Pb(Zr0.3Ti0.7)O3 (PZT37) 的两种陶瓷的内耗 Q-1及振动频率的平方 f 2（正比于材料的剪切模量 G）与温度的关系进行了 测定。在纯三角相的 PZT73陶瓷中发现两个内耗峰。高温内耗峰 PM起源于材料的顺电－铁 电相变 ,低温内耗峰 P1本质上是一个宽化的 Debye峰,可归因于氧空位作用下的畴壁振荡弛豫。 对纯四方相的 PZT37陶瓷,除了 P1和 PM峰外,在 P1与 PM峰之间另有内耗峰 P2,这与 900畴附 近的氧空位团簇的弛豫有关 ,其特征可用描述强关联系统的关联态模型（ Coupling model）描述。     

C/SiC复合材料的氧化对其内耗行为的影响

通过分析C/SiC在高温(1250、1300和1350℃)空气氧化过程中质量、强度、物相、气孔率、微观形貌演变规律, 并同时采用动态热机械分析仪测得内耗的变化趋势, 研究了氧化对其内耗行为的影响规律, 进而为以内耗表征复合材料的氧化行为奠定基础。为明确C/SiC各组元在氧化与内耗行为对应关系中所发挥的作用, 进一步研究了SiC陶瓷在1300℃、空气中的氧化与内耗行为之间的对应关系。结果表明: SiC陶瓷氧化对其内耗行为的影响规律不明显且影响程度较弱; C/SiC在氧化过程中的内耗行为受C相的氧化损伤控制, 且作用规律明显, 其内耗保持率曲线均出现峰值, 其中1250、1300和1350 ℃的峰值分别为6.65、3.48和1.59。     

The mechanism investigation of deep cryogenic treatment on high alloy martensitic steel by low frequency internal friction

Effects of deep cryogenic treatment (DCT) on the internal friction (IF) in high-carbon alloy steel are investigated. The temperature dependent internal friction (TDIF) of the quenched and DCT treated samples were measured in an inversed torsion pendulum with high vacuum by using free decay method. The TDIF of quenched sample is decomposed into four peaks: P1 at 342 K, P2 at 443 K, P3 at 492 K and P4 at 580 K. Peak P1 is attributed to the relaxation associated with the reorientation of interstitial solute atoms in metals under the application of oscillatory stress. Peak P2 is related to the carbides precipitation. Peak P3 is considered as the Snoek-Kê-Köster (SKK) peak, which is caused by both dislocations interaction and interstitial atoms decorating these dislocations. Peak P4 is attributed to retained austenite transformation basing on the peak disappearing while the samples carried out DCT treating.     

B2 Fe-Al合金中与空位有关的弛豫

利用内耗方法对空冷B2 Fe-Al合金中原子缺陷的运动特征进行了研究.在210℃(称为P1峰)和410℃(称为P2峰)附近观察到两个与样品热空位浓度密切相关的弛豫型内耗峰.研究表明,P1峰产生于应力作用下双空位(V_(Fe)V_(Al))的重新取向,而P2峰起源于反位置原子与Fe空位之间的相互作用.对于富Fe的B2 Fe-Al合金,P2峰产生于应力作用下三倍体缺陷(2V_(Fe)Fe_(Al))的重新取向;而对于富Al的B2 Fe-Al合金,P2峰则产生于应力诱导下Al反位置原子在Fe空位之间的运动.     

New lithium bismuth phosphate ceramic: crystal structure,microstructure, microwave dielectric properties and co-firing compatibility with aluminum electrode

A new type of lithium bismuth phosphate 3Li₂O–Bi₂O₃–6P₂O₅ (3L1B6P) microwave dielectric ceramics were prepared via a conventional solid-state route. Crystal structure, microstructure, microwave dielectric properties and aluminum electrode co-firing compatibility of the 3L1B6P ceramics were investigated. The 3L1B6P ceramics mainly consists of a new phase similar to the NdLiP₄O₁₂ with monoclinic structure [C2/C(15)]. The 3L1B6P ceramics are composed of BiLiP₄O₁₂ grains of?~?10 μm in length and?~?2 μm in width and BiPO₄ grains of?~?1 μm in size. The 3L1B6P ceramic sintered at 625 °C shrinkage and the corresponding microwave dielectric properties are dielectric constant ε_r?=?6.8, Q?×?f?=?16,900 GHz and negative temperature coefficient of resonant frequency TCF?=???71 ppm/°C. More importantly, the 3L1B6P ceramic with ultra-low sintering temperature (625 °C) can be co-fired with aluminum electrode, which illustrates it can be applied for the ultra-low temperature co-fired ceramic (ULTCC) application.

     

微波辐照增韧高密度聚乙烯共混材料的研究

采用自行设计的聚合物微波辐照装置，研究微波辐照对填充高密度聚乙烯共混材料力学性能的影响。结果表明，微波辐照能在不影响材料刚性的基础上，提高材料的韧性和断裂伸长率，炭黑、钛酸铅锆（PZT）、碳酸钙填充的高密度聚乙烯经微波辐照后在保持屈服强度基本不变的情况下断裂伸长率分别提高了270％、100％、41％。透射红外光谱（FT－IR）、光电子能谱（ESCA）和扫描电镜（SEM）分析表明，微波辐照对以微波导体为填料的高密度聚乙烯的增强是界面化学反应和物理浸润协同作用的结果；微波对介电材料为填料的高密度聚乙烯的增强主要是物理浸润的结果。微波辐照对不同填料填充高密度聚乙烯的界面相互作用的强弱顺序为：微波导体＞磁性材料＞介电材料。     

几种等离子涂层在蒸馏水润滑下的摩擦学特性

研究了等离子喷涂Cr₃C₂-NiCr、WC-Co和Cr₂O₃涂层自配对以及Cr₂O₃涂层与WC＋Co硬质合金和增韧SiC陶瓷配对在蒸馏水润滑下的摩擦学特性．结果发现：三种涂层自配对组成摩擦副在水润滑下,以Cr₂O₃涂层的耐磨性能最好,显示出＜10^-6mm³N^-1m^-1的磨损系数;三种涂层的磨损机理均主要表现为裂纹扩展和颗粒断裂,涂层的断裂韧性越高,气孔率和微裂纹长度越低,其耐磨性能越好．异质材料配对能有效地改善Cr₂O₃涂层的摩擦学特性,这主要与摩擦副材料的表面状态及摩擦化学反应有关．     

Correlation of electrical properties and internal friction in mixed conduction glasses containing ionic and electronic conduction (1) Fe2O3-Na2O-P2O5 glasses

The electrical properties and internal friction in (40–x)Fe₂O₃·xNa₂0.60P₂O₅ glasses were measured. Two or three peak on internal friction were observed in the temperature range of –100 to 300° C at a frequency of about 1 Hz. The peak area of internal friction could be explained quantitatively by the additivity law of diffusion of Na⁺ ion and hopping of electrons which are carriers similar to those of dielectric loss. Activation energy, peak temperature of dielectric loss and internal friction showed almost the same value. Both relaxation phenomena have the same mechanism which is due to the diffusion of Na⁺ion and the hopping of electrons between Fe²⁺ Fe³⁺. The high-temperature peak is assumed to result from the interaction between protons or alkali ions and non-bridging oxygen.     

石墨烯/纳米Al2O3增韧Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷的力学及摩擦磨损性能

采用真空热压烧结工艺制备了石墨烯(GNPs)和纳米Al₂O₃增韧的Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷复合刀具材料(TAG)。研究了GNPs和纳米Al₂O₃对复合陶瓷材料微观结构、力学性能和摩擦磨损性能的影响。研究表明,GNPs和纳米Al₂O₃的添加对复合陶瓷材料的力学性能有明显的提高,当GNPs和纳米Al₂O₃含量(质量分数)为1%和5%时,复合刀具陶瓷材料(TA5G1)综合力学性能最优,其硬度、抗弯强度和断裂韧性分别为21.50 GPa、810.80 MPa和10.51 MPa·m^1/2。研究了复合刀具材料的摩擦磨损性能和磨损机理,研究结果表明,在TAG复合刀具材料中,TA5G1的摩擦磨损性能最优,其摩擦系数和磨损率分别为0.338和4.921×10^-6 mm³/(N·m),复合刀具材料的主要磨损形式为磨粒磨损和黏着磨损。     

Phase-transition temperatures and piezoelectric properties of (Bi1/2Na1/2)TiO3-(Bi1/2Li1/2)TiO3-(Bi1/2K1/2)TiO3 lead-free ferroelectric ceramics.

The phase-transition temperatures and piezoelectric properties of x(Bi(1/2)Na(1/2))TiO3-y(Bi(1/2)Li(1/2))TiO3-z(Bi(1/2)K(1/2))TiO3 [x + y + z = 1] (abbreviated as BNLKT100(y)-100(z)) ceramics were investigated. These ceramics were prepared using a conventional ceramic fabrication process. The phase-transition temperatures such as depolarization temperatures T(d), rhombohedraltetragonal phase transition temperature T(R-T), and dielectric-maximum temperature T(m) were determined using electrical measurements such as dielectric and piezoelectric properties. The X-ray powder diffraction patterns of BNLKT100(y)-100(z)) show the morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) between rhombohedral and tetragonal at approximately z = 0.20, and the piezoelectric properties show the maximum at the MPB. The electromechanical coupling factor k(33), piezoelectric constant d(33) and T(d) of BNLKT4-20 and BNLKT8-20 were 0.603, 176 pC/N, and 171 degrees C, and 0.590, 190 pC/N, and 115 degrees C, respectively. In addition, the relationship between d33 and Td of tetragonal side and rhombohedral side for BNLKT4-100z and BNLKT8-100z were presented. Considering both high Td and high d(33), the tetragonal side of BNLKT4-100z is thought to be the superior composition. The d(33) and T(d) of BNLKT4-28 were 135 pC/N and 218 degrees C, respectively. Moreover, this study revealed that the variation of T(d) is related to the variation of lattice distortion such as rhombohedrality 90-alpha and tetragonality c/a.