硫酸盐还原菌对海底土中锌腐蚀的影响

利用微生物分析、交流阻抗测试技术、扫描电镜及表面能谱等方法，在室内模拟条件下研究了海底土中硫酸盐还原菌对锌腐蚀的影响，以及在以接菌及灭菌的海底土构成的宏电池腐蚀中锌的腐蚀行为。180d的试验结果表明：海底土中硫酸盐还原菌增强锌的腐蚀，锌在接菌泥中的平均腐蚀速率及点蚀深度均大于在灭菌泥中的平均腐蚀速率及点饰深度，平均腐蚀速率相差7．0倍，点蚀速率相差15．0倍以上。在接菌和灭菌海底土构成宏电池时，接菌海底土中锌作为阳极，腐蚀速率比自然腐蚀状态下有所增大，加速率为12．7％，而在灭菌海底土中锌作为阴极，腐蚀速率比自然腐蚀状态下有所减小。     

Sulfate‐reducing bacteria‐assisted hydrogen‐induced stress cracking of 2205 duplex stainless steels

The paper presents the results of a laboratory investigation of the microbiologically assisted hydrogen‐induced stress cracking (HISC) of 2,205 duplex stainless steel (DSS). The testing of susceptibility toward HISC was performed with two different methods. Precharged in sulfate‐reducing bacteria (SRB), inoculated medium samples were subjected to slow strain‐rate testing in artificial seawater. In situ constant load tests were performed directly in SRB‐inoculated medium under hydrogen charging at 70% of the ultimate tensile strength. Samples tested in the biotic (SRB) conditions showed a considerable loss of ductility as compared to those tested in sterile conditions. Quantitative characteristics of fracture surfaces indicated increased susceptibility to HISC of biotic samples, therefore, suggesting a role of SRB in promoting hydrogen damage of DSS.     

硫酸盐还原菌对低碳钢的腐蚀

本文用失重法测定半连续、不连续培养的硫酸盐还原菌对低碳钢的腐蚀速度,采用线性极化技术测定活性生长的硫酸盐还原菌中低碳钢的线性极化阻力(同时测定自腐蚀电位、菌数、硫化物浓度)随时间的变化,并测量不同电位变化区间的阴阳极恒电位极化曲线。结果表明:在一定Fe2 浓度的硫酸盐还原菌培养基中,硫酸盐还原菌对钢的腐蚀速度与菌的生长时期有密切关系。在活性生长的硫酸盐还原菌系统中一直发生强烈的阴极去极化腐蚀。     

硫酸盐还原菌与单质铁协同作用处理酸性含锌废水

研究利用硫酸盐还原菌(sulfate reducing bacteria,SRB)与单质铁协同作用处理含Zn2 废水的效果和相应机理。采用间歇式生物反应器,在Zn2 名义浓度为0~90 mg/L范围内,分别考察SRB和SRB Fe0两种体系的处理效果。实验表明:SRB Fe0体系的处理效果明显优于SRB体系;加入单质铁之后,高Zn2 浓度下(>75 mg/L)SRB适应期缩短20%以上;Zn2 对SRB的抑制浓度提高约20%;硫酸盐还原速率明显加快,硫酸盐最终还原率以及Zn2 的去除速率都有所提高。分析了单质铁对废水处理过程的强化机理,确定Zn2 的去除形式主要为硫化物沉淀。     

Hydrogen uptake by structural steels at cathodic protection in sea water inoculated with sulfate reducing bacteria

The effect of sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB) on the hydrogen permeation rate through ferrite‐pearlite and sorbite steels of quite similar chemical composition was studied using a specially designed facility. Tests were carried out in synthetic sea water, sterile or inoculated with bacteria, at potentials corresponding to cathodic protection (? 800 mV to ? 1400 mV_NCE). Cathodic polarization within the studied potential range did not stop the metabolism of SRB. Presence of SRB was found to increase the hydrogen permeation rate, to form S^2? ions, to increase the polarization current, to modify the impedance spectrum and to change the appearance of cathodic deposits in comparison with sterile conditions. The promoting effect of SRB on the hydrogen uptake was concluded to be the result of the increase in polarization current due to the formation of the less protective layer of cathodic deposits on the steel surface, the presence of S^2? ions and the possible decrease in pH. Despite the similar tendencies, the effect of SRB on hydrogen uptake was more pronounced in the case of sorbite steel. The bacteria action can cause hydrogen deterioration of steel at potentials, recognized as safe ones at cathodic protection.     

Corrosion resistance and corrosion behavior of high-copper-bearing steel in marine environments

Thus far, research on the corrosion resistance of copper-containing steel has been limited to Cu content of less than 1%, and the corrosion resistance of antibacterial Cu-containing steel with Cu content above 3% has not been reported. In this study, 0Cu3 carbon steel (CS), 0Cr15Cu3 stainless steel (SS), and Q345 CS were investigated. The corrosion resistance and corrosive behavior of high-copper (high-Cu)-bearing steel in a marine environment were examined by scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectrometry, X-ray diffraction, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and potentiodynamic polarization. Coupon test results showed that the Cu in the 0Cr15Cu3 SS and 0Cu3 CS can promote the formation of stable α-FeOOH from γ-FeOOH in the outer rust layers, and make the rust layers more thick and dense. In the electrochemical experiment, the impedance loop diameters and R_ct values of the 0Cr15Cu3 SS and 0Cu3 CS were higher than those of Q345, while the I_corr was less than that of Q345, which indicates that the anticorrosion property of these two types of high-Cu-bearing steel was higher than that of Q345. The aim of this study was to define the properties of corrosion resistance and corrosive behavior in high-Cu-bearing steels to promote their application in marine engineering.     

Microbiologically influenced corrosion of X60 carbon steel in CO2‐saturated oilfield flooding water

The corrosion behavior of X60 carbon steel in CO₂‐saturated oilfield flooding water inoculated with sulfate‐reducing bacteria (SRB) was investigated using polarization curves and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). With the propagation of SRB in the flooding water, the pH values of flooding water increased quickly in the initial 2 days and remained relatively steady during the later stage. Polarization curves showed that the corrosion current density decreased during the first 10 days due to the protection of corrosion products and SRB‐biofilms, and then increased possibly due to the partial detachment of the corrosion products and the biofilms. EIS analysis also showed that the charge transfer resistance increased initially and then decreased with exposure time. In the beginning of corrosion, the anodic dissolution of X60 steel was dominated by CO₂. After the formation of SRB‐biofilms, part of FeCO₃ corrosion products was converted to incompact FeS precipitates by SRB bio‐mineralization. Thus, the dispersed iron sulfide in SRB‐biofilms and X60 steel base may constitute a galvanic couple, accelerating the localized corrosion of the steel base in the flooding water.     

Corrosion resistance of a cast steel overpack for high-level radioactive waste disposal in Japan

The corrosion rate and stress corrosion cracking (SCC) susceptibility of a cast steel are studied for its application to metal containers (namely overpacks) for geological disposal of high-level radioactive waste. Specimens for corrosion tests are cut from a prototype overpack manufactured by full-scale casting. Casting defects are widely distributed in the prototype overpack; however, the flat-bottom hole equivalent diameters for all defects detected by an ultrasonic test are 3.6 mm or less, which is relatively small. Forged steels and rolled steels are also tested for comparison of their corrosion properties with the cast steel. The corrosion rates are obtained by immersion tests in bentonite saturated with synthetic seawater under anaerobic conditions at 80°C for up to 1 year. The corrosion rate for the cast steel calculated by the weight loss during the experiments is close to that for the forged steels and rolled steels. The SCC susceptibility is examined using slow strain rate tests in a 1.5-mol L⁻¹ carbonate–bicarbonate solution, in which the occurrence of high-pH SCC is often reported for carbon steels. The SCC susceptibility increased with the increase in the carbon content of the products; however, there are no clear differences between casting and forging.     

Effects of anaerobe in sea bottom sediment on the corrosion of carbon steel

The in‐situ study of steel corrosion in sea bottom sediment (SBS) was carried out by Transplanting Burying Plate method (TBP method). It was found that the corrosion rate of steel in the sea bottom sediment with sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB) could be as high as ten times of that in sea bottom sediment without SRB. The experiments in simulated sea bottom sediments with different SRB contents by artificial culturing showed that the electrochemical behavior of steel in the sea bottom sediment with SRB was different from that without SRB. SRB altered the polarization behavior of steel significantly. The environment was acidified due to the activity of SRB and the corrosion of steel was accelerated. The corrosion of carbon steel in sea bottom sediment is anaerobic corrosion, and the main factor is anaerobe. There are SRB commonly in SBS, and the amount of SRB decreases along with the depth of sediment. Because of the asymmetry and variation of sea bottom sediment, the most dangerous corrosion breakage of steel in SBS is local corrosion caused by SRB. So the main countermeasure of corrosion protection of sea bottom steel facilities should be controlling of the corrosion caused by anaerobe.     

微生物对Q235钢在黄壤土中腐蚀行为的影响

利用电化学阻抗(EIS)、极化曲线、扫描电镜(SEM)和表面能谱(EDS)等测试方法,研究了微生物对Q235钢在黄壤土中腐蚀行为的影响.结果表明:微生物加速了Q235钢在黄壤土中的腐蚀;试样在接菌和灭菌黄壤土中的电化学阻抗谱均为单容抗孤,在接菌土壤中发生了阴极去极化,其腐蚀速率高于在灭菌土壤中的腐蚀速率;随着腐蚀的进行...     

二氧化碳对X60钢微生物腐蚀行为影响

利用失重法和扫描电镜研究了CO₂与嗜热SRB共存条件下X60钢在海底污泥和污水中的腐蚀行为.结果表明:CO₂饱和条件下,随着温度的升高,污泥和污水中腐蚀速率均增加,且含SRB的污泥和污水中X60钢的腐蚀速率均大于不含SRB的腐蚀速率,SEM观察表明,X60钢遭受的破坏以点蚀为主;随着CO₂分压的增大,X60钢的腐蚀速率增大,且污泥中腐蚀速率大于污水中腐蚀速率.