18F-FDG PET/CT显像联合HRCT对孤立性原发肺浸润性黏液腺癌的诊断价值

目的探讨孤立性原发肺浸润性黏液腺癌18F-FDG PET/CT显像和HRCT征象及两者联合对该病的诊断价值。方法回顾性分析经病理证实为浸润性黏液腺癌、有18F-FDG PET/CT双时相显像及病灶层面同机HRCT扫描资料的9例患者,对PET/CT早期、延迟显像及滞留指数、HRCT征象进行综合分析。结果HRCT图像上表现为2例呈实性结节、病灶周围无类似卫星灶样影,6例实性结节周围伴小点片及磨玻璃样影,1例为单纯磨玻璃样结节;分叶征(6例)、血管集束征(6例)、支气管充气征(4例)、空泡征(2例)、毛刺征(1例);18F-FDG PET/CT融合图像上8例病灶表现为不均匀FDG代谢增高,早期显像平均SUVmax为3.2±2.5,延迟现象SUVmax增高6例、降低2例,平均SUVmax为3.5±2.4,平均滞留指数为(10.4±29.3)%,9例均未见纵隔、双侧肺门淋巴结及其他部位转移征象,其18F-FDG PET/CT融合图像上18F-FDG摄取与HRCT相匹配,18F-FDG摄取相对集中于结节的实性区域,病灶磨玻璃区18F-FDG摄取不明显;综合手术病理结果等临床资料证实,9例均为T1N0M0期,与PET/CT分期一致。结论对于影像学检查发现肺孤立性占位患者,在单一影像学检查难以明确诊断的情况下,18F-FDG PET/CT双时相显像上病灶不均匀18F-FDG摄取相对集中于其实性区域的代谢方式与HRCT相联合,可辅助孤立性原发性肺浸润性黏液腺癌的诊断。     

CT值直方图鉴别肺不典型腺瘤样增生和细支气管肺泡癌

目的:探讨CT值直方图对鉴别肺不典型腺瘤样增生和细支气管肺泡癌的临床应用价值。方法:测量呈小片状毛玻璃样密度影的8例肺不典型腺瘤样增生病灶直径(0.7±0.3)cm和10例细支气管肺泡癌病灶直径(1.1±0.5)cm的CT值,获得病灶的CT值直方图并记录其平均CT值和峰值CT值,比较两种病变的CT值直方图的差异。结果:所有病灶在CT值直方图上均有一个明显的峰值,不典型腺瘤样增生的峰值CT值(-707±36HU)和平均CT值(-697±56HU)明显低于细支气管肺泡癌(-573±72)HU和(-541±73)HU,差异均有极显著性意义(P<0.001),但两者间峰值CT值的重叠范围小于平均CT值。结论:对≤1cm的磨玻璃密度影,CT值直方图在鉴别肺不典型腺瘤样增生和细支气管肺泡癌有重要的临床价值。     

18F-FDG PET/CT对肾脏肿瘤的诊断价值

目的 探讨18F-FDG PET/CT对肾脏肿瘤的临床诊断价值.方法 回顾性分析近5年经18 F-FDG PET/CT诊断为肾脏肿瘤且病理或临床综合诊断明确的79例患者资料,其中男52例,女27例,平均年龄(57.3±14.1)岁.PET/CT诊断根据肾脏轮廓改变、病灶密度异常及FDG摄取程度做出.计算18F-FDG PET/CT诊断肾脏肿瘤的效能指标.结果 79例中恶性肿瘤70例(包括肾细胞癌40例、肾盂癌5例,淋巴瘤8例,转移瘤16例,肾筋膜囊脂肪肉瘤1例);良性肿瘤9例(包括血管平滑肌脂肪瘤7例,肾嗜酸细胞腺瘤1例,后肾腺瘤1例;不含小脂滴样错构瘤病例).18 F-FDG PET/CT对病灶检出率达97.5％(77/79),对肾脏良恶性病灶判断的灵敏度为92.9％ (65/70),特异性为7/9,准确性为91.1％ (72/79),阳性预测值为97.0％(65/67),阴性预测值为58.3％ (7/12).结论 18 F-FDG PET/CT能够检出并判断大部分肾脏占位病变性质,对肾脏肿瘤患者进行全身检查并做出综合评价是18F-FDG PET/CT的优势之一.     

肺局灶性磨玻璃密度结节的多层螺旋CT诊断

目的探讨肺局灶性磨玻璃密度结节(fGGO)的多层螺旋CT(MSCT)特征与病灶良恶性的相关性。资料与方法回顾性分析36例fGGO患者的影像学资料,包括8例炎症,18例肺泡癌,8例腺癌,2例非典型腺瘤样增生,评价病灶形态学特征及内部结构与良恶性的相关性。结果 8例炎症中7例呈斑片状;肺不典型腺瘤样增生(AAH)均为圆形或类圆形;细支气管肺泡癌(BAC)和腺癌主要呈圆形、不规则形及分叶征。11例BAC和腺癌边缘毛糙或伴毛刺征,16例边缘清晰、光整。15例胸膜凹陷征,均见于BAC和腺癌;16例胸膜增厚,3例见于炎症,13例见于BAC和腺癌。6例炎症和2例AAH为纯GGO,18例BAC和8例腺癌为混杂GGO。结论 fGGO的CT征象与病灶病理类型具有较高的相关性,对于提高其诊断准确率具有重要的临床价值。     

细支气管肺泡癌^18F—FDG PET／CT显像的代谢和形态特征

目的分析细支气管肺泡癌（BAC）在^18F-脱氧葡萄糖（FDG）PET／CT图像中的代谢和形态结构特征,并与非细支气管肺泡型腺癌（non—BAC AC）的显像结果进行比较,探讨PET／CT在BAC诊断及鉴别诊断中的价值。方法回顾性分析经病理检查确诊的32例BAC及55例non—BAC AC的FDG PET／CT显像资料。测量病灶最大标准摄取值（SUVmax）,分析病灶位置、形态及边界、密度分布及其他典型CT结构征象。统计分析比较2组的平均SUVmax,评价与肿瘤分型有关的CT征象,比较单独PET、CT及PET和CT联合诊断的准确性。采用SPSS12．0软件对数据行t检验、McNemar检验、Fisher精确检验等。结果BAC组共47个病灶,non—BACAC组共63个病灶,组间SUVmax差异有统计学意义（1．51±0．17与6．28±3．04,t=-10．374,P〈0．0001）。BAC组纯磨玻璃密度影（45％的病灶,21／47）是相关的CT征象（Fisher精确检验,P〈0．0001）。结合PET代谢和CT解剖结构特征的联合诊断准确性与单独PET或CT对比,差异均有统计学意义（P=0．001和0．039）,诊断准确性分别为88％（28／32）、47％（15／32）和66％（21／32）。结论理解FDG PET／CT显像中BAC的代谢和形态结构特征,有利于提高诊断准确性。如动态观察中呈持续的CT磨玻璃密度影,即使低FDG摄取,也要考虑BAC可能。     

肺腺癌浸润前病变的CT诊断

【摘要】目的：探讨肺腺癌浸润前病变的CT表现。方法：回顾性分析2011年3月－2016年12月经手术病理证实的45例肺腺癌浸润前病变患者的临床和CT资料,其中不典型腺瘤样增生（AAH）10例、原位癌（AIS）35例,主要分析指标包括病灶分布、大小、密度、分叶征、毛刺征、空泡征、充气支气管征、肿瘤微血管成像征和胸膜凹陷征。结果：35例表现为纯磨玻璃密度结节、10例为部分实性成分磨玻璃密度结节;AAH组和AIS组中病灶直径分别为（10.15±3.72）和（11.73±4.58）mm,平均CT值分别为（－514±70.66）和（－477.2±168.08）HU,两组间差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）。CT征象中以肿瘤微血管成像征最多见（出现率为68.9％）,其次是分叶征、空泡征（均为26.7％）,充气支气管征最少见（4.4％）;两组间各征象的差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论：肺腺癌浸润前病变的CT征象中肿瘤微血管成像征具有一定特异性,CT形态学征象并不能准确鉴别不典型腺瘤样增生和原位癌。     

表现为磨玻璃密度影的细支气管肺泡癌与非典型腺瘤样增生的CT鉴别诊断

目的分析58例表现为肺单纯性磨玻璃密度结节(pGGO)的细支气管肺泡癌(BAC)与非典型腺瘤样增生(AAH)的薄层螺旋CT表现。方法回顾性分析经病理证实的薄层螺旋CT扫描的40例BAC和19例AAH资料,分析其病灶大小(直径)和薄层螺旋CT表现:如病灶形态、边缘形态、内部结构、邻近结构等。统计学方法用χ2检验进行分析。结果薄层螺旋CT所示病变直径、球形度和空泡征对鉴别BAC和AAH最有意义,两者之间均有统计学差异(P均<0.05)。结论较小的球形结节多是AAH。空泡征多见于BAC。     

肺部病变18F-FDG PET显像的适应证

目的探讨18F-脱氧葡萄糖(FDG) PET显像鉴别诊断肺部病变良恶性的适应证.方法 86例患者先行X线胸片和CT检查,然后行胸部或全身PET检查,依据病灶形态、代谢水平[标准摄取值(SUV)]、有无肺外病灶等指标鉴别病变的良恶性.结果 6例肺不张和4例胸腔积液患者中,18F-FDG PET显像发现有隐匿性肿瘤灶7例,并区分出3例良性病变,鉴别准确性为100%.7例炎症和7例结核,FDG PET正确识别4例治疗后未见明显变化的肿瘤灶,区分7例良性病变,鉴别准确性分别为85.7%和71.4%.46例可疑肺癌但放射学征象不典型者,FDG PET正确鉴别41例,准确性89.1%.16例有典型肺癌放射学表现者FDG PET判断为恶性15例,并鉴别出1例良性病变.5例FDG PET假阳性者为肺结核2例、炎症1例和结节病2例;3例假阴性为腺癌1例和小细胞肺癌2例.结论未见肿块影的肺不张或胸腔积液、正规治疗后无明显变化的炎症或结核及可疑肺癌但放射学征象不典型肺结节者应行18F-FDG PET显像.     

甲状腺良性病变的18氟-脱氧葡萄糖PET/CT表现探讨

目的探讨甲状腺良性病变的18氟-脱氧葡萄糖(18 F-fluorodexyoxyglucose,18F-FDG)PET/CT表现,以提高对该病变PET/CT影像的认识。方法回顾性分析经手术病理明确诊断的24例甲状腺良性病变的18 F-FDG PET/CT影像学资料,包括结节性甲状腺肿13例、甲状腺腺瘤10例、甲状腺局限性增生2例、桥本氏甲状腺炎4例、慢性甲状腺炎1例、亚急性甲状腺炎1例,其中10例患者甲状腺存在两个或多个病变。结果结节性甲状腺肿的异常PET/CT征象包括①甲状腺低密度结节或密度弥漫性减低;②甲状腺肿大;③钙化;④甲状腺局灶性或弥漫性FDG代谢增高。13例结节性甲状腺肿4例未见PET/CT异常征象,仅2例FDG代谢增高(局灶性、弥漫性)。甲状腺腺瘤的PET/CT异常征象包括①甲状腺低密度或略低密度结节;②囊变;③钙化;④甲状腺局灶性FDG代谢增高。10例甲状腺腺瘤仅2例局灶性FDG代谢增高。甲状腺局限性增生的PET/CT异常征象包括①甲状腺低密度结节;②甲状腺局灶性FDG代谢增高。2例甲状腺局限性增生1例局灶性FDG代谢增高。桥本氏甲状腺炎的PET/CT异常征象包括①甲状腺密度弥漫性减低;②甲状腺肿大;③甲状腺弥漫性FDG代谢增高。4例桥本氏甲状腺炎2例弥漫性FDG代谢增高。亚急性甲状腺炎和慢性甲状腺炎的PET/CT异常征象包括①甲状腺片状低密度灶;②甲状腺局灶性或弥漫性FDG代谢增高。结论甲状腺良性病变可出现FDG摄取增高,但在结节性甲状腺肿、甲状腺腺瘤、甲状腺局限性增生出现比例低,而在桥本氏甲状腺炎等炎性病变比例相对较高;甲状腺弥漫性FDG摄取多提示良性病变,而局灶性FDG摄取需作进一步的鉴别。     

18F-FDG PET/CT在黑色素瘤中的应用价值

目的 探讨18F-脱氧葡萄糖(FDG)PET/CT显像在黑色素瘤诊断、临床分期及监测治疗后肿瘤复发与转移灶中的应用价值.方法 黑色素瘤患者61例,均进行18F-FDG PET/CT全身显像.所有PET、CT及PET/CT融合图像均通过融合软件进行帧对帧对比分析.肿瘤病灶根据病理学检查、多种影像学检查及临床随访结果诊断.结果 18F-FDG PET/CT显像对黑色素瘤病灶检出的灵敏度、特异性和准确性分别为90.9%(40/44)、88.2%(15/17)和90.2%(55/61).其中12例治疗前患者中,18F-FDG PET/CT显像诊断的灵敏度为83.3%(10/12).在黑色素瘤病灶局部切除、尚未进行其他治疗的9例患者中,5例残余病灶18F-FDG PET/CT显像检出3例;4例远处转移灶患者全被检出,提高了临床分期,改变了治疗方案.首先发现转移性黑色素瘤病灶并且手术切除后,寻找原发灶的7例患者中,18F-FDG PET/CT检出原发灶2例,4例其他转移灶全被检出.黑色素瘤患者根治术后监测肿瘤复发或转移患者33例,18F-FDG PET/CT显像灵敏度、特异性和准确性分别为100.0%(19/19)、85.7%(12/14)和93.9%(31/33).与同期临床其他影像学检查比较,18F-FDG PET/CT显像发现更多,33例患者中,16例(48.5%)病灶提高临床分期;7例(21.2%)排除可疑病灶,降低临床分期;10例(30.3%)检出病灶与临床一致.结论 18F-FDG PET/CT显像对于黑色素瘤的诊断,残余病灶、复发病灶及转移灶的检出,临床分期的明确具有重要价值.     

Optimization of the system of medical service of students of Cadet Schools of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation

One of the factors of the successful military career guidance Cadet schools students is preserving and promoting their health. Medical support of children and adolescents aged 10-17 years should include the full range of medical and preventive measures defined for this group. The state of providing outpatient care for pupils at the Cadet School in St. Petersburg was studied. These results show that full medical care in accordance with the standards can be based only on children's health clinics. It is important that the organization of medical support pupils cadet schools should be cooperate with civilian health care.     

带状疱疹83例误诊原因分析

带状疱疹是由水痘—带状疱疾病毒引起的皮肤科常见疾病。其主要的病理损害,一是受累神经的严重炎症性浸润,继而导致受侵犯神经节内神经细胞变性、坏死;二是皮肤的水泡。迅速抑制神经节和相应的感觉神经纤维的充血、水肿和坏死,防止粘连形成,达到迅速镇痛、改善皮损,缩短病程及防止后遗症的发生是治疗的关键。因而,尽早明确诊断,     

Estimation of accumulated dose of radiation by method of ESR-spectrometry of dental enamel of mammals

ESR-spectrometry was used to investigate radiation-induced paramagnetic centers in enamel of mammals: carnivores (polar bear and fox), ungulates (reindeer, European bison, moose), and man. Values at half the microwave power saturation of the radiation signal, P_1/2, evaluated at room temperature, was found to range from 16 to 26 mW for animals and man. A new approach to discrimination of the radiation induced signal from the total ESR spectrum of reindeer enamel is proposed. ‘Dose-response’ dependencies of enamel of different species mammals were measured within the dose range from 0.48 up to 10.08 Gy. Estimations of ‘radiosensitivity’ enamel of carnivores and ungulates showed good agreement with radiosensitivity enamel of man by ESR method.     

Analysis of the results of the international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of Fe

The results of an international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of ⁵⁵Fe organized by the BIPM in 2005 are reported and analysed. This exercise, which follows the procedures of the CIPM mutual recognition arrangement to update older comparisons, is a renewal of the comparison organized by the BIPM that took place in 1978. A EUROMET comparison was organized in 1996 specifically to compare activity measurements of a ⁵⁵Fe solution by means of liquid-scintillation techniques. Results of these three comparisons are presented and discussed in this paper.

The radionuclide solution was provided by the NPL, which also distributed the samples to the participants. The activity of the ampoules was measured by 16 laboratories using 12 methods producing 25 results. Some general considerations on uncertainty assessments pertaining to the different techniques used are drawn. The outcome of four different estimators is compared from which the presence of at least one outlier can be confirmed. Further measurements should be made to try to reduce the discrepancy between the results. To date the outcome of the present comparison does not show an improvement to that of the 1996 comparison.     

Evaluation of the results of various technics of non-surgical therapy of varicocele

A new method of non-surgical treatment of varicocele syndrome is described: it consists in sclerotherapy of spermatic vein by trans-femoral percutaneous catheterization with balloon-catheters. In 8 cases venous thrombosis has been induced by direct electric clotting. The techniques and a 6 months follow-up are discussed. It is pointed out that this procedure should be considered as the method of choice for tubular lesions and sub-fertility prophylaxis in young people and in childhood.     

延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因分析

目的探讨延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因和预防措施.方法回顾性分析总结12例延迟性脾破裂中的诊断和误漏诊的经验与教训.结果本组延迟性脾破裂的误漏诊5例(41.66%).对多发伤与脾破裂并存可能认识不足,外伤史轻微或伤员隐瞒外伤史,缺乏腹痛-缓解-突然再腹痛的典型病史,缺乏“对冲性脾破裂”力学分析和整体化诊断思路等为其误漏诊的主要原因.结论详细的外伤史和全面系统检查,重视腹以外多发伤掩盖腹内脏器伤及延迟性脾破裂可能.确立外伤-腹内脏器伤-脾破裂整体化诊断思路.不间断地辅以B超检查脾形态学变化和腹内有无积液,腹腔穿刺确定有无血腹、X线胸腹部检查观察左侧胸肋角和膈肌运动情况、必要时CT检查以尽早发现脾包膜下血肿,降低延迟性脾破裂误漏诊率.