Eliminating spiral waves and spatiotemporal chaos using feedback signal

Spiral waves and spatiotemporal chaos are sometimes harmful and should be controlled. In this letter we present a feedback scheme to eliminate them. We first collect feedback signals at a certain time t₀. Then wait for the system at the excitable position to enter the recovering state. When the time comes, the feedback signals are added. This scheme has two advantages. Firstly, the tip can be eliminated together with the body of spiral wave. Secondly, the injected feedback signals can be very weak and the duration can be very short so that the original system is nearly not to be affected, which is important for practical applications.     

用同步复极化终止心脏中的螺旋波和时空混沌

为了模拟电击除颤导致动作电位持续时间缩短, 在Luo-Rudy相I心脏模型中引入了同步复极化. 研究了同步复极化对螺旋波和时空混沌动力学的影响. 数值结果表明: 在控制周期比较小的情况下, 同步复极化可以有效消除螺旋波和时空混沌, 在有一些控制参数下, 同步复极化只能消除螺旋波, 或者只能消除时空混沌. 当螺旋波不被控制时, 观察到螺旋波转变为长周期和长波长的螺旋波或破碎成时空混沌的现象. 并对控制机制进行了分析. 关键词： 螺旋波 时空混沌 同步复极化 控制     

局域反馈抑制心脏中的螺旋波和时空混沌

采用LuoRud91模型研究了螺旋波和时空混沌的抑制,提出用局域反馈控制方法抑制螺旋波和时空混沌,采用静止和运动控制器两种控制策略.结果表明:适当选择控制参数,静止控制器的局域反馈方法能很好抑制螺旋波,但不能有效抑制时空混沌;采用运动控制器的局域反馈方法能有效抑制螺旋波和时空混沌,抑制速度与控制器移动的速度有关,在选择适当的控制参数下,螺旋波和时空混沌能在很短的时间内被抑制.     

心脏中的螺旋波和时空混沌的抑制研究

以Luo-Rudy相I心脏模型为基础,研究心脏中螺旋波和时空混沌的控制,提出了两种控制方法: (Ⅰ)通过交替改变细胞外钾离子浓度来产生平面波,再利用弱外电场辅助平面波抑制螺旋波和时空混沌; (Ⅱ)先提高细胞外钾离子浓度,然后利用外电场激发波的方式产生平面波,再用平面波去抑制螺旋波和时空混沌. 研究结果表明,只要适当选择控制参数,这两种方法都能够有效抑制螺旋波和时空混沌. 当心肌出现局部缺血时,在心肌缺血处就会出现高的细胞外钾离子浓度,在这种情况下, 可以采用电场发射波的方法来抑制心脏中的螺旋波和时空混沌.对这些控制方法的优点和控制机制做了解释.     

用低通滤波方法终止心脏组织中的螺旋波和时空混沌

通过让心肌细胞钠离子通道的触发门变量延迟打开, 使介质具有激发延迟能力, 介质延迟激发时间随控制电压和刺激频率增加而增加, 当控制电压超过一个阈值时, 延迟激发介质具有低通滤波作用:低频波可以连续通过, 而高频波不能连续通过. 本文用Luo-Rudy相I模型研究了介质延迟激发对螺旋波和时空混沌的影响, 数值模拟结果表明: 当控制电压超过阈值时, 介质的延迟激发可有效消除螺旋波和时空混沌; 从小逐渐增大控制电压, 在钙最大电导率较小情况下, 延迟激发会导致介质激发性降低, 使螺旋波漫游幅度增大, 直至传导障碍导致螺旋波消失; 当钙最大电导率较大时, 延迟激发会导致螺旋波失稳变弱, 这样当控制电压增加到一定值时, 时空混沌可以演化成漫游螺旋波, 当控制参数被适当选取时, 观察到漫游幅度大的螺旋波漫游出系统边界消失现象, 继续增大控制电压将导致时空混沌直接消失.     

复Ginzburg-Landau方程中模螺旋波的稳定性研究

研究了复Ginzburg-Landau方程系统中模螺旋波与其他斑图在同一平面内的竞争行为,发现演化结果在系统参数平面内可分为四个主要区域:在I区和III区中,模螺旋波与相螺旋波相比稳定性较差,模螺旋波的空间被相螺旋波所入侵.在II区中,模螺旋波具有较强的稳定性,相螺旋波的空间被模螺旋波所入侵.在IV区内,由于时空混沌所导致的频率不稳定性,演化的结果较为复杂.我们通过对模螺旋波、相螺旋波以及时空混沌的频率分析,发现当模螺旋波的系统参数为α1=-1.34,β1=0.35时,较高频率的模螺旋波具有较好的稳定性,高频模螺旋波可以入侵低频斑图空间.竞争结果主要受系统变量实部的频率影响,频率分析所得到的理论结果与数值实验结果符合得非常好.     

用钙离子通道激动剂抑制心脏组织中的螺旋波和时空混沌

本文以LuoRudy91模型为基础,研究心脏组织中的螺旋波和时空混沌的抑制.提出应用钙离子通道激动剂来提高慢速内行钙离子流的最大电导率—Gsi,达到抑制螺旋波和时空混沌的目的.研究结果表明:该方法可以有效抑制心脏组织中的螺旋波和时空混沌,即使系统出现含时外行钾离子流的最大电导率—GK分布不均匀,该控制方法仍然有效.对控制机理进行了分析.     

Emergence of spatiotemporal chaos arising from far-field breakup of spiral waves in the plankton ecological systems

It has been reported that the minimal spatially extended phytoplankton--zooplankton system exhibits both temporal regular/chaotic behaviour, and spatiotemporal chaos in a patchy environment. As a further investigation by means of computer simulations and theoretical analysis, in this paper we observe that the spiral waves may exist and the spatiotemporal chaos emerge when the parameters are within the mixed Turing--Hopf bifurcation region, which arises from the far-field breakup of the spiral waves over a large range of diffusion coefficients of phytoplankton and zooplankton. Moreover, the spatiotemporal chaos arising from the far-field breakup of spiral waves does not gradually invade the whole space of that region. Our results are confirmed by nonlinear bifurcation of wave trains. We also discuss ecological implications of these spatially structured patterns.     

Control of Spiral Waves and Spatiotemporal Chaos by Exciting Travel Wave Trains

Spiral waves and spatiotemporal chaos usually are harmful and need to be suppressed. In this paper, a method is proposed to control them. Travel wave trains can be generated by periodic excitations near left boundary,spiral waves and spatiotemporal chaos can be eliminated by the trains for some certain excitation periods. Obvious resonant behavior can be observed from the relation between the periods of the trains and excitation ones. The method is against noise.     

Control of Spiral Waves and Spatiotemporal Chaos by Exciting Travel Wave Trains

Spiral waves and spatiotemporal chaos usually are harmful and need to be suppressed. In this paper, a method is proposed to control them. Travel wave trains can be generated by periodic excitations near left boundary, spiral waves and spatiotemporal chaos can be eliminated by the trains for some certain excitation periods. Obvious resonant behavior can be observed from the relation between the periods of the trains and excitation ones. The method is against noise.     

利用短期心脏记忆消除螺旋波和时空混沌

在Luo-Rudy的心脏模型中引入了记忆效应, 该记忆效应表现为膜间电压的延迟耦合. 研究了记忆效应对螺旋波的影响, 数值模拟结果表明:心脏记忆可导致螺旋波无规则漫游;当延迟时间适当选取时, 增加记忆强度会导致螺旋波的频率减小, 如果记忆强度超过临界值, 心脏记忆效应还可以使螺旋波和时空混沌消失, 因为含时外行钾离子电流被心脏记忆过度抑制.     

Elimination of spiral waves and spatiotemporal chaos by the synchronization transmission technology of network signals

A method to eliminate spiral waves and spatiotemporal chaos by using the synchronization transmission technology of network signals is proposed in this paper. The character of the spiral waves and the spatiotemporal chaos in the Fitzhugh—Nagumo model is presented. The network error evolution equation with spatiotemporal variables and the corresponding eigenvalue equation are determined based on the stability theory, and the global synchronization condition is obtained. Simulations are made in a complex network with Fitzhugh—Nagumo models as the nodes to verify the effectiveness of the synchronization transmission principle of the network signal.     

Size transition of spiral waves using the pulse array method

The domain size of spiral waves is an important issue in studies of two-dimensional (2D) spatiotemporal patterns. In this work, we use the 2D complex Ginzburg--Landau equation (CGLE) as our model and find that an initially big spiral can successfully transfer to several small spirals by applying a pulse array method. The impacts of several important factors, such as array density, controlling intensity and pulsing time, are investigated. This control approach may be useful for the control of 2D spatiotemporal patterns and has potential applications in the control of some realistic systems, such as meteorological and cardiac systems.     

时空调制对可激发介质螺旋波波头动力学行为影响及控制研究

本文首先研究了时空调制对可激发介质中周期螺旋波波头动力学行为的影响. 随着时空调制的增大, 螺旋波经历了周期螺旋波、外滚螺旋波、旅行螺旋波和内滚螺旋波的显著变化. 通过定义序参量来定量的描述由时空调制引起的螺旋波在不同态之间非平衡跃迁的临界条件, 及漫游螺旋波波头圆滚圆半径随调制参数的变化情况. 当时空调制增大到某个临界值时, 螺旋波发生了破碎; 再增加时空调制, 螺旋波则发生了衰减, 系统最终演化为空间均匀静息态. 在文中给出了螺旋波发生破碎和衰减的机理和原因. 最后将时空调制方法运用于漫游螺旋波, 实现了将漫游螺旋波控制成周期螺旋波, 或将其控制为空间均匀静息态.     

Suppression of Spiral Waves and Spatiotemporal Chaos Under Local Self-adaptive Coupling Interactions

In this paper, a close-loop feedback control is imposed locally on the Fitzhugh-Nagumo (FHN) system to suppress the stable spirals and spatiotemporal chaos according to the principle of self-adaptive coupling interaction. The simulation results show that an expanding target wave is stimulated by the spiral waves under dynamic control period when a local area of 5×5 grids is controlled, or the spiral tip is driven to the board of the system. It is also found that the spatiotemporal chaos can be suppressed to get a stable homogeneous state within 50 time units as two local grids are controlled mutually. The mechanism of the scheme is briefly discussed.     

通过控制钙和钾离子流抑制心脏中的螺旋波和时空混沌

采用LuoRudy91心脏模型研究螺旋波和时空混沌的控制,提出联合使用钙通道激动剂和钾通道阻滞剂的控制策略来增大钙离子电导率和减小钾离子电导率,达到消除心脏组织中的螺旋波和时空混沌的目的.数值模拟结果表明,该方法可以有效抑制螺旋波和时空混沌,即使介质存在无扩散功能的缺陷时该方法仍有效.对控制机制做简单探讨.     

旋转中心力场消除螺旋波和时空混沌

研究了中心力场中螺旋波和时空混沌的控制问题.通过外界机械力旋转系统来产生中心力场，数值计算表明：该方案可以很好消除Fitzhugh-Nagumo 和Panfilov系统的螺旋波和时空混沌，即使在外部力场作用一小段时间 (大约20到50时间单位)后，系统也将很快达到均匀稳定态. 而且该方案对于噪声具有一定的鲁棒性，与所选择的模型无关. 关键词： 螺旋波 Fitzhugh-Nagumo Panfilov     

Forecasting confined spatiotemporal chaos with genetic algorithms

A technique to forecast spatiotemporal time series is presented. It uses a proper orthogonal or Karhunen-Loève decomposition to encode large spatiotemporal data sets in a few time series, and genetic algorithms to efficiently extract dynamical rules from the data. The method works very well for confined systems displaying spatiotemporal chaos, as exemplified here by forecasting the evolution of the one-dimensional complex Ginzburg-Landau equation in a finite domain.     

用晚钠电流终止心脏中的螺旋波和时空混沌

采用人类心脏模型研究了用晚钠电流控制二维心脏组织中的螺旋波和时空混沌,我们提出这样的控制策略来产生晚钠电流:让慢失活门变量j始终等于0.7,同时实时调节钠电流的快失活门变量h的阈值电压V_I,即先让阈值电压V_I经过T_1时间从71.55 mV均匀减少到50.55 mV,然后经过T_2时间再从50.55 mV均匀增加到71.55 mV,当阈值电压V_I回到71.55 mV,钠电流的快、慢失活门变量恢复正常变化.数值模拟结果表明:只要适当选择控制时间,不论心肌细胞是否存在自发的晚钠电流,控制产生的晚钠电流都可以有效抑制螺旋波和时空混沌,而且需要的晚钠电流都很小,且控制时间都很短,因为螺旋波和时空混沌消失主要是通过传导障碍消失,少数情况下时空混沌是通过转变为靶波消失.我们希望这种控制方法能为室颤控制提供新的思路.     

局部不均匀性对时空系统振荡频率的影响

以复金兹堡一朗道方程为模型,利用数值实验方法观察了时空系统中螺旋波斑图的演化行为,发现在局域非均匀参数条件下,系统的螺旋波可以受到该杂质区域的影响而演化成为稳定的靶波.研究表明,内传的螺旋波转换为稳定靶波的必要条件是非杂质系统和杂质系统的振荡频率相等且小于系统的固有频率,并在参数一频率空间形成一个特殊的V形区域,进一步分析表明,该V形区域具有左右对称、两侧靶波传播方向相反以及随杂质区域参数α_2的增大而向参数β_2减小方向平移等性质.