Geochemical evidence of paleogeography and paleoclimate during deposition of the 2nd Member of Kongdian Formation in Kongnan area

The 2nd Member of Kongdian Formation has been made up of a large number of oil shale and mudstone in the Kongnan aera of Huanghua depression around the Bohai Bay. In the Kongnan area, the lake basins were very large and deep during the deposition of the 2nd Member of Kongdian Formation. During that period,the lakes were sealed, uncommunieated with the sea water and the paleoclimate was very warm and wet in Kongnan area. Analyzing the content of the trace element and the rare earth element, carbon and oxygen isotope in the disquisition, The authors prove the two views correct.     

川东北元坝西部须家河组致密砂岩裂缝发育特征及控制因素

川东北元坝西部上三叠统须家河组受晚期构造活动影响小,裂缝发育程度较中东部低,前人对其重视不够,裂缝发育控制因素不清楚。通过岩心观察、薄片鉴定、测井解释、裂缝充填物包裹体分析等多种技术手段,对元坝西部须家河组致密砂岩裂缝发育特征及控制因素开展了系统研究,明确了裂缝类型和特征参数,建立了裂缝发育模式。结果表明：(1)元坝西部须家河组以低角度剪切缝和成岩收缩缝为主;须三段裂缝多为方解石充填,须二段裂缝以泥质充填为主。(2)元坝西部须家河组裂缝可划分为3期,分别对应晚侏罗世、早白垩世晚期和晚喜山期,前2期裂缝全充填-半充填,第三期未充填。(3)研究区裂缝发育程度受地层变形强度、至断裂距离、单层砂岩厚度和砂岩类型的控制。九龙山背斜枢纽部位和东南翼地层曲率较大部位以褶皱相关裂缝为主,在东南翼断裂附近以断层相关裂缝为主,2类裂缝区为开发评价有利区。须三段砾岩区发育由砾缘缝和穿砾平缝组合而成的、开度小、未充填的网状缝,须二段石英砂岩发育沿层理破裂的低角度剪切缝及微裂缝,也是元坝西部须家河组气藏下一步开发评价需关注的有利区。     

陆相页岩气的泥页岩评价——以延长下寺湾区上三叠统延长组长7段为例

以鄂尔多斯盆地的延长下寺湾区中生界延长组长7段陆相泥页岩为研究对象,在样品实验数据分析和单井岩心观察的基础上,根据泥页岩的发育与分布特点和有机地球化学特征对陆相页岩气的泥页岩进行评价.结果表明:延长下寺湾区延长组长7段泥页岩主要为浅湖—深湖相沉积,泥页岩累计厚度适宜,有机质类型以Ⅱ1为主,有机质丰度较高,具备页岩气生成的物质基础,有机质演化主要处于成熟阶段.分析美国海相产气页岩与中国陆相产气页岩的综合特征,长7段泥页岩脆性矿物质量分数大于25%,有利于储层的后期改造.相对美国储层物性较好的页岩,根据现场解析法测得的长7段泥页岩含气量较高(平均为4.5m3/t),埋深适中,分布稳定,具有勘探潜力和开发前景.     

Early Cretaceous precious fossil-bearing beds in Weijialing—Yaolugou of Jianchang Basin,western Liaoning

The Jianchang Basin is one of the main localities of the precious fossils of Jehol Biota in western Liaoning. The fossil-bearing horizons are mainly in the Yixian- and Jiufotang formations. In the Weijialing- Yaolugou of southwest Jianchang Basin, many precious fossils have been found at Luojiagou Bed of the 2nd Member of the Yixian Formation and at Xidian Bed of the 1 st member of the Jiufotang Formation. The geologic setting, sedimentary environment and paleogeography of the precious fossil-bearing beds were also studied.     

歧口凹陷沙一下亚段页岩形成环境及页岩油潜力综合评价

渤海湾盆地是目前我国主要的陆相页岩油资源开采区,歧口凹陷位于盆地腹地,是渤海湾盆地内典型的富油气凹陷之一,但长期以来缺少对不同层位页岩形成环境及页岩油潜力的综合评价。选取歧口凹陷沙一下亚段富有机质页岩为研究对象,综合运用地化录井技术和生排烃模拟技术,进行歧口凹陷沙一下亚段页岩沉积特征的描述和页岩油潜力的综合评价。研究结果显示,①歧口凹陷沙一下亚段沉积于水体盐度较高的还原-强还原环境,营养物质丰富,气候炎热湿润,适宜生物大量繁殖,生产力水平高;②结合生排烃模拟实验结果,研究区沙一下亚段页岩生烃能力强、生烃效率高、排油率较低,生成的原油仍大部分残留在页岩中,具有良好的勘探潜力;③研究区沙一下亚段页岩中含有适量碳酸盐矿物,在成岩过程中改善了储集条件,为页岩油提供了良好的储集场所。歧口凹陷西南缘海侵的发生从沉积环境、古生产力及对成岩作用影响等方面促进了沙一下亚段有机质的富集,而有机质富集、生烃强度高以及良好的储集条件共同控制了沙一下亚段页岩油的大面积分布。研究区沙一下亚段页岩油储层可分为碳酸盐岩和混合沉积岩2种类型,综合2种储层的含油性特征后发现,碳酸盐岩矿物含量和脆性指数对页岩含油性有着极大影响。有利勘探区域为构造裂缝发育的宽缓斜坡区和白云岩化程度较高的地区; 有利勘探层段为孔隙和微裂缝发育的白云岩、白云质页岩和灰质页岩层段。该研究成果可为歧口凹陷页岩油的勘探开发提供指导。      

泌阳凹陷下二门地区核桃园组油气成藏再认识

泌阳凹陷下二门地区位于泌阳凹陷东部,区内已发现下二门油田。该油田在核三上段至核二段下部为纯油藏,核二段上部为具气顶的油藏,核一段和廖庄组为纯气藏。经过40多年勘探开发,在下二门地区油气藏的发现难度越来越大,油气勘探陷入瓶颈期。为了进一步扩大该区勘探规模,取得新的油气发现,需要对该地区油气成藏机制再认识进而决定其下一步勘探方向。利用最新勘探和油藏资料,通过烃源条件分析、油源对比、天然气成分分析及油藏精细解剖,重新认识了该地区油气成藏机制。研究结果表明:泌阳凹陷深凹区的核二段泥页岩发育广,生烃指标较好,已进入低成熟阶段,具备较好的生油条件;下二门地区各层系油气与深凹区的源岩关系明确,表明油气以顺层运移为主,即核二段低熟油应该来自深凹区核二段低熟烃源岩,核三上段和核三下段原油分别来自深凹区核三上段和核三下段的成熟烃源岩;下二门地区核二段产出的天然气为低成熟伴生气,明显不同于深层凝析气,并非深层油气沿断层调整而来;下二门地区深层油气资源量大,但目前已发现储量规模有限,这预示着该区仍有较大的勘探潜力。因此,总结下二门地区的油气成藏特点及成藏模式,不仅可为该区油气勘探提供指导,而且可为我国东部类似断陷湖盆含油构造的进一步勘探提供借鉴。      

Early Cretaceous precious fossil-bearing beds in Weijialing－Yaolugou of Jianchang Basin , western Liaoning

The Jianchang Basin is one of the main localities of the precious fossils of Jehol Biota in western Liaoning. The fossil-bearing horizons are mainly in the Yixian- and J iufotang formations. In the Weijialing－Yaolugou of southwest Jianchang Basin, many precious fossils have been found at Luojiagou Bed of the 2nd Member of the Yixian Formation and at Xidian Bed of the 1st member of the Jiufotang Formation. The geologic setting, sedimentary environment and paleogeography of the precious fossil-bearing beds were also studied.     

致密砂岩储层“甜点”识别及评价方法

四川盆地北部须家河组须四段为辫状河三角洲前缘沉积,砂体极其发育,而因须四段整体埋深大、储层非均质性强、孔隙结构复杂,储层"甜点"识别和综合评价成为制约该区低渗透致密砂岩储层勘探开发的关键。基于大量薄片观察鉴定,结合测井、录井资料,分析了控制特低渗透致密砂岩储层的关键地质因素,提出因子分析法定性识别致密砂岩储层"甜点"模型和定量评价标准,并对四川盆地北部目标区块须四段储层进行综合评价。结果证实:①致密砂岩储层局部存在物性较好的"甜点"区;②因子分析法提取的3个参数因子能定性解释致密砂岩储层特征,准确识别"甜点"段;③因子分析法定量评价结果与四川盆地北部须四段实际勘探开发效果吻合,相对于常规评价方法准确率大幅提高;④川北地区须四段储层可划分为三类,目标区块主要发育Ⅱ类储层,该区块东南部北东向为天然气富集区,是气藏开发的重点区域。      

Sedimentary Basin Analysis and Petroleum Potential of the Cretaceous Yuchon Group In Haenam Depression, SW Korea

The Yuchon Group in the Late Cretaceous of Haenam and Mokpo area on the southwest coast of Korea peninsula can be divided into two Formations: (1) the intermediate volcanic Formation (Hwawon Formation), about 500m thick, (2)the acidic volcanic Formation (Hwangsan Formation), about 400m thick in ascending order.The former comprises intermediate volcaniclastics interlayered with volcanic rocks, and red mudrock and tuffaceous sandstone indicating fluvial deposits. The latter is subdivided into the upper part (Hwangsan Tuff Member) consisting of subaerial pyroclastics and intercalated rhyolites, and the lower part (Byeongonri Member) including subaqueous volcaniclastics, lake deltaic sandstone and gravelstone, lacustrine black shale and limestone and chert, and lake turbidite sandstone.The Late Cretaceous basin including Haenam subbasin in southwest Korea was largely formed of extensional nonmarine depressions (volcano- tectonic) bounded by NE- SW sinistral fault system.The thermal maturation based on geochemical and mineralogical studies for the black shales and tuffaceous sandstones reached the late stage of oil generation zone or gas generation stage. It seems that black shales and limestones are fairly good as source rock. The porosity of potential reservoir sandstone and tuff ranges from 5 % to 11%, but their permeability except the fractured rocks is very low ( ＜1md) because of fine pore throats reduced by diagenetic cementation of tuffaceous sandstones. Numerous potential traps might have been formed by the later folding and faulting along with lateral facies change and abundant mudrocks and volcaniclastics should make excellent seals.     

In Search of the Cretaceous-Tertiary Boundary in Heilongjiang River Area of China

Abstract A new geological section recognized in Baishantou of Jiayin, Heilongjiang Province, China, was studied preliminarily in searching for the K/T boundary. An early Paleocene florule characrerized by abundant Tiliaephyllum tsagajanicum leaves and its associated plants, was collected from the Baishantou Member (new member representing the lower part of the Paleocene Wuyun Formation) overlying the possible K/T boundary. A tuff bed was found from the upper part of the Furao Formation (uppermost Cretaceous) in this section. The new findings imply that the K/T boundary is probable lying in the interval between the base of the Baishantou Member and the tuff bed, based on the correlation of the present strata with the stratotype of the Tsagajan Group spanning the K/T boundary in "Belaya Gara" of the Bureya Basin, Russia. The early Paleocene florule from the Baishantou Member and the early-middle Maastrichtian dinosaurs found from the Yuliangzi Formation underlying the Furao Formation suggest that the Baishantou section is more promising for searching for the K/T boundary in this area. Further studies of the section is needed, integrating paleontological, biostratigraphic, geochemical, paleomagnetic, and sedimentary research would benefit our understanding the mass extinction event and biotic recovery in the Heilongjiang River area, China, and even all of northeast Asia during the K/T boundary interval.     

黄陵背斜东南缘埃迪卡拉系碳稳定同位素组成特征及有机质发育关系讨论

通过在黄陵背斜东南缘部署实施的一口页岩气调查井(EYD5),获取了埃迪卡拉系碳同位素参数和相关有机碳数据,建立了该区埃迪卡拉系陡山沱组-灯影组蛤蟆井段碳同位素曲线,在陡山沱组识别出4次负漂移,2次正漂移区间,在灯影组蛤蟆井段识别出1次负漂移,1次正漂移区间,并可在区域范围内有效对比。探讨了该区陡山沱组四段至灯影组蛤蟆井段在区域上的对比标志,明确了该区陡山沱组碳同位素异常与有机碳含量无相关性,碳同位素的正、负漂移区间均可发育富有机质层段,持续的δ13C负值区间对应富有机质页岩层段发育。      

Sedimentary Basin Analysis and Petroleum Potential of the Cretaceous Yuchon Group in Haenam Depression, SW Korea

IntroductionThe Haenam Depression filled with the LateCretaceous sediments and volcanics lies to the southwestern coast of Korea peninsula. The Cretaceousstrata (Yucheon Group) cover an area of ca. 200km2in the Haenam and Mokpo area. Regional geologicalsu…     

四川广元地区朝天剖面上二叠统吴家坪组凝灰岩成因及其地质意义

四川广元地区朝天剖面上二叠统吴家坪组凝灰岩位于茅口组顶部王坡层黏土岩之上,其成因可能对认识峨眉山大火成岩省火山活动时限具有重要意义。对朝天剖面吴家坪组2个凝灰岩样品进行全岩矿物含量、地球化学特征、锆石U-Pb定年、锆石微量元素和Hf同位素分析,探讨凝灰岩的成因,进而讨论其对峨眉山大火成岩省火山活动时限的启示。结果表明:广元地区朝天剖面上二叠统吴家坪组凝灰岩主要由黏土矿物组成,锆石U-Pb年龄为(260.1±2.8)Ma,并具有较高的Al2O3/TiO2值(分别为37.90和31.49)、明显的Eu负异常(Eu/Eu*值分别为0.13和0.06)及缺失Nb、Ta负异常;凝灰岩样品中,锆石具有较高的εHf(t)值(7.8~11.4)和较低的Th/Nb值(5.4~14.9),与宾川剖面峨眉山火山序列酸性熔结凝灰岩及上寺剖面上二叠统下部凝灰岩基本一致,而明显不同于清音阁王坡层黏土岩锆石εHf(t)值和Th/Nb值。综上所述,四川广元地区朝天剖面上二叠统吴家坪组凝灰岩的形成与峨眉山大火成岩省酸性火山活动有关,且峨眉山大火成岩省的火山活动时限可能一直持续到晚二叠世早期。     

东营凹陷博兴洼陷深洼区古近系沙河街组三段中亚段沉积特征

利用岩心、测井、录井、地震等资料,应用层序地层学与沉积学理论,建立博兴洼陷深洼区古近系沙河街组三段中亚段层序地层格架,识别沉积相类型,揭示研究区沙河街组三段中亚段湖底扇砂体的充填期次和规律.结果表明:沙河街组三段中亚段地层划分为2个三级层序,层序内部细分为6个体系域;识别湖底扇中扇、湖底扇外扇、深湖3种沉积亚相,以及辫状水道、水道间、席状浊积岩、远源浊积岩和深湖泥5种沉积微相;总结各沉积微相在岩心、测井、地震上的识别特征;在层序格架内识别各体系域沉积相平面展布规律.此研究对该区下一步油气资源的勘探开发具有指导意义.     

运用压实模拟实验进行埋藏史恢复: 以辽河西部凹陷雷家地区沙四段为例

辽河西部凹陷雷家地区具有良好的油气勘探开发潜力,但目前对该地区的埋藏史分析缺乏清晰的认识。运用沉降史的恢复原理对研究区残余地层进行原始厚度的恢复,首先利用声波曲线法和邻层对比方法恢复地层的剥蚀厚度,然后配比5个实验样品（含砾细砂岩、泥质粉砂岩、泥质灰岩、灰质泥岩、泥岩）进行压实模拟实验,根据实验得出样品的孔隙度-深度曲线。利用现有的埋藏资料进行地层骨架厚度计算,并根据骨架体积不变公式,以每个单一岩性分层作为最小单位逐一进行回剥计算,得到各组、段地层在不同地质时期的沉积厚度以及埋藏深度。通过埋藏史分析认为雷家地区新生界地层埋藏过程中,古近系沙河街组时期地层的沉积速率较大,沉积地层较厚,但在沙河街组二段地层抬升遭受剥蚀,地层较薄;东营组时期,地层沉积变缓,末期地层遭受抬升剥蚀;在新近系、第四系时期,地层沉积速率小,沉积的地层厚度不大。      

辽阳鸡爪金矿床元素组合规律

鸡爪金矿主要金矿脉赋存在近东西向的褶皱轴部的挤压破碎带中,容矿岩石为大石桥组二段矽线黑云片岩、二云片岩,围岩蚀变为硅化、钾长石化、黄铁矿化。通过57个矿床原生晕样品部分微量元素相关分析、R型聚类分析和正交因子、斜交因子分析,表明Au、Cu、Ag组合为主要矿化阶段的元素组合,是化探找矿的重要指示元素。     

渤中凹陷深层特低孔特低渗砂砾岩储层储集空间精细表征

利用自动矿物定量识别系统（QEMSCAN）、二维大尺寸背散射图像拼接技术（MAPS）、多尺度微米CT、铸体薄片、恒速压汞等实验技术,对渤中凹陷深层孔店组特低孔特低渗砂砾岩储层的储集空间进行了二维、三维多尺度精细表征,并系统研究了砂砾岩储层渗流能力影响因素。实验结果显示,研究区砂砾岩孔隙毫米-微米-纳米级多尺度连续分布,孔隙度相对大的储层,孔径分布范围较宽,储层粒间原生孔、粒间溶蚀孔等大孔隙占比较高,粒内溶蚀孔、晶间孔占比较低。基于三维孔喉网络模型,孔隙主要半径分布区间为1.5~60 μm,喉道半径分布在0.5~8.0 μm之间,孔喉连通性的分布形态有条带状、连片状、孤立状,储集性较好的储层孔喉在三维空间多为连片状,渗透率相对较差的储层孤立状的大孔较多。孔隙型储层的渗透率与孔喉形态、喉道半径、配位数等参数密切相关。裂缝明显改善了砂砾岩的物性,也为酸性流体对储层的溶蚀提供了有效通道,导致溶蚀孔隙相对发育。综合研究认为,渤中凹陷深层砂砾岩储层的渗流能力受裂缝发育程度、孔喉连通性双重控制,储层中黏土矿物和碳酸盐矿物胶结对孔隙结构、储层渗流能力有重要影响。      

The First Discovery of the Earliest Devonian Conodont Zonal Fossil from the "Gavuu Member" in Mushgai Area of South Gobi,Mongolia

Conodont Caudicriodus woschimidti woschmidti has been found from a big outcrop (hill) of the Bayan-Kho-shuu Ruins Section which was previously assigned to the Silurian Gavuu Member of the Mandalovoo Formation. This isfirst time to find the lowermost Devonian conodont zonal fossil in Mongolia. The lower part of the Gavuu Member is Silurian. But the strata from where we collected samples M-9～M-12 definitely belong to Lower Devonian (lower Lochko-vian) rather than Lower Silurian. The Mandalovoo Formation should be named Mandalovoo Group, and its three members should be changed into three formations.     

新疆卡拉麦里姜巴斯套组火山岩地球化学特征与构造意义

通过对新疆卡拉麦里姜巴斯套组火山岩野外地质特征、岩石学和高精度同位素年代学的研究,发现姜巴斯套组火山岩具典型双峰式组合,岩石类型包括玄武岩-酸性火山碎屑岩-玄武粗面安山岩;得到玄武粗面安山岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄为(319.8±2)Ma(加权均方偏差值为3),表明姜巴斯套组火山岩形成于早石炭世谢尔普霍夫阶。对火山岩地球化学特征的研究表明,姜巴斯套组火山岩钙碱性系列、高钾钙碱性系列和钾玄岩系列岩石兼而有之,岩石的稀土元素配分曲线均为轻稀土元素富集型,无明显Eu异常,玄武岩和玄武粗面安山岩具有K正异常和Sr负异常,酸性火山碎屑岩表现出Nb、Ta和Ti显著亏损。总体来说,姜巴斯套组火山岩富集大离子亲石元素,相对亏损高场强元素。玄武岩和玄武粗面安山岩表现出大陆裂谷(大陆板内拉张区域)岩石特征;酸性火山碎屑岩表现出岛弧或者活动大陆边缘岩石属性。总之,姜巴斯套组火山岩形成于卡拉麦里洋盆闭合碰撞造山后的拉张伸展环境,卡拉麦里地区在早石炭世末期就进入了碰撞后的陆内伸展拉伸阶段。     

潍北凹陷页岩气资源潜力分析

页岩气作为一种非常规能源,在北美已经取得了相对较成熟的勘探开发经验,潍北凹陷沉积了较厚的暗色泥页岩,为摸清页岩气"家底",笔者通过分析潍北凹陷央5井、昌64井等一系列钻井取芯测试结果,对潍北凹陷孔店组二段地层暗色泥页岩厚度、有机质类型、丰度、成熟度等页岩气形成条件进行了系统研究,结果表明,潍北凹陷孔二段泥页岩形成于浅湖相-深湖相环境,暗色泥页岩厚度较大,有机质含量、成熟度均较高,且埋藏较浅,具备页岩气形成条件,是省内页岩气勘探的有利目标层位。