不同气调包装对冷却猪肉在冷藏过程中的微生物变化的研究

冷却猪肉分别采取真空包装、CO-MAP(CO+CO2+N2)包装、高氧-MAP(高浓度O2+CO2+N2)和低氧-MAP(低浓度O2+CO2+N2)包装后,在(4±1℃)贮存三周,每周测定各项微生物的变化。结果表明:1)CO-MAP和真空包装在贮存末期的优势菌为乳酸菌而含氧气调包装的优势菌是假单胞菌属。2)CO-MAP组可抑制腐败细菌的生长除对乳酸菌抑制作用较弱外,对假单胞菌、肠杆菌科菌均具有很强的抑制作用,其对腐败菌的抑制作用明显好于真空包装组。     

天然保鲜液和气调包装协同作用对延长冷却猪肉货架期和色泽稳定性的效果研究

冷却猪肉分别经天然保鲜液处理和未经任何处理,采用真空包装和CO+CO2+O2气调包装,在1±1℃贮存过程中,测定第0、3、6、9、12、15、18和21天的细菌总数、致病菌(金黄色葡萄球菌、粪大肠菌群和单核细胞李斯特增生菌)和理化指标(TVB-N值、TBA值、汁液流失率、红度a值和剪切力值),并进行感官评定.实验结果表明(1)在本实验条件下,CO-低O2-MAP对冷却猪肉的抑菌效果明显好于真空包装,而且这种气调包装与1#保鲜液配合,具有非常强的协同作用,它通过抑制冷却肉上的腐败菌和致病菌、延迟TVB-N值的变化、稳定鲜红色泽和降低汁液流失率来达到延长冷却肉货架期的目的,使冷却肉的货架期和色泽稳定期在1±1℃温度下达到16～18天.未经保鲜液处理的气调包装冷却猪肉,其货架期和色泽稳定期达到12～15天.(2)CO-低-MAP冷却猪肉,在贮存过程中,TBA值有所升高,嫩度有所降低,但都未超过极限值,在第18天的感官评分高于真空包装组.     

不同气调包装条件下冷却猪肉贮藏过程中的品质变化

研究不同CO2、O2、N2气体组分配比的气调包装条件对气调包装冷却猪肉品质的影响,对6组在不同气调组分条件下,冷却猪肉在7d冷藏期内的菌落总数、挥发性盐基氮(TVB-N)值、脂肪氧化值(TBA)、感官指标进行监测。结果表明:不同气调保鲜条件下冷却猪肉贮藏过程中的品质变化显著;气调包装组分为40%CO2+40%O2+20%N2时,冷却猪肉的菌落总数未达到腐败水平,TVB-N值、TBA值均符合新鲜肉的标准,可作为优选气调保鲜条件用于实际肉类贮藏。     

冷却猪肉进行气调保鲜的货架期研究

猪肉在0-4℃冷却条件下,采用空气、真空、气调等不同包装方式进行保鲜实验,通过测定冷却肉的菌落总数、pH值、TVB-N值、以及颜色、气味等感官指标,对冷却肉的颜色与防腐效果进行了比较和研究。结果表明:O270％,CO230％和O250％,CO250％气调包装猪肉的保鲜效果较真空包装和空气包装的要好,货架期可延长6天。     

气调包装对辐照生鲜猪肉保鲜效果及品质的影响

为降低辐照处理对生鲜猪肉品质的影响,进一步优化生鲜猪肉的保鲜工艺,该实验采用未经辐照处理的空气包装(A组)和经辐照处理(辐照剂量3kGy)的空气包装(B组)、35％O2+65％CO2(C组)和35％O2+35％CO2+30％N2(D组)气调包装,在4℃下进行贮藏,研究其在贮藏期内的理化指标(色度、持水力、TBARS值、...     

对冷却猪肉进行气调保鲜的货架期研究

猪肉在 0～ 4℃冷却条件下 ,采用空气、真空、气调等不同包装方式进行保鲜试验 ,通过测定冷却肉的菌落总数、pH值、TVB N值以及颜色、气味等感官指标 ,对冷却肉的颜色与防腐效果进行了比较和研究。结果表明 :O2 70 % ,CO2 3 0 %和O2 5 0 % ,CO2 5 0 %气调包装猪肉的保鲜效果较真空包装和空气包装好 ,货架期可延长 6d。     

气调比例对冷却鲜猪肉贮藏品质影响的研究

以新鲜冷却猪肉为原材料,以PA为包装材料,分别进行了O2和CO2的单因素试验,通过测定能够反映猪肉新鲜程度的指标(如感官评价、pH值、H2S、氨)分别确定适合冷却猪肉气调包装的O2和CO2比例;然后通过O2、CO2和N2(填充气体)混合气体的正交试验,确定适合冷却猪肉气调包装的最佳混合气体比例。结果显示,气调包装混合气体比例为O2-50%、CO2-40%和N2-10%时,可保持冷却猪肉良好的色泽,并可保持其pH值在规定的范围内,对冷却猪肉的贮藏期起到了一定的延长作用。     

包装方式对四角蛤蜊卤制风味产品贮藏品质的影响

目的：研究不同包装方式对其贮藏期品质的影响。方法 对四角蛤蜊卤制风味产品进行普通包装、真空包装、30% CO2+70% N2、50% CO2+50% N2、30% N2+70% CO2气调包装,并在4 ℃贮藏条件下,测定菌落总数、质构特性、色差、TVB-N值、风味特性等理化指标,选择最佳的包装方式。结果 普通包装样品在第3 d、真空包装组样品在第6 d时菌落总数超标,而气调包装组的货架期可达12 d左右。气调包装组的硬度、弹性、咀嚼性的下降程度都低于普通包装和真空包装组,气调包装的护色效果也优于其他两组。气调包装对TVB-N值、TBA值、pH值变化的延缓作用明显优于真空包装和普通包装。结论 不同包装方式对四角蛤蜊卤制风味产品贮藏品质的保持能力依次为气调包装、真空包装、普通包装,其中50% CO2+50% N2气调包装保鲜效果最佳,能显著延长产品货架期。     

CO气调包装对冷却猪肉货架期及色泽的影响

冷却猪肉采用不同浓度CO气调包装和真空包装,(4±1)℃下贮藏,研究CO气调包装对其货架期和色泽的影响。结果表明,CO气调包装肉在贮藏到第25天时,TVB-N值已超过0.15mg/g,细菌总数超过106cfu/g,与真空包装相比,并不能显著地延长肉的货架期;CO气调包装肉在贮藏期中一直保持稳定的鲜红色,不同浓度CO气调包装对肉色无显著性差异,真空包装肉呈褐色或暗紫色。     

冷藏过程中不同包装德州扒鸡的微生物及理化特性

以气调包装(Q)、真空包装二次杀菌(S)和真空包装不杀菌(N)3种包装德州扒鸡为研究对象,采用高通量测序分析冷藏期间3种包装德州扒鸡的优势腐败菌,并通过菌落选培计数与pH值、TVB-N值、TBARs值测定,研究不同包装条件下扒鸡的微生物与理化特性。结果表明,冷藏条件下Q样品优势腐败菌为假单胞菌属(70.50%),N和S样品均为肠杆菌属(62.40%和57.80%);冷藏初期3种包装样品理化指标无显著差异,冷藏期间均呈现pH值下降、TVB-N值显著升高、TBARS值波动上升的趋势,冷藏末期S样品pH值(6.12)、TVB-N值(10.05 mg/100 g)和TBARS值(0.06 mg/kg)波动趋势显著低于其他2种。各包装方式对微生物生长有不同抑制作用,微生物种类与数量对样品理化性质具有显著影响,真空包装后杀菌处理能更好地保持德州扒鸡品质。     

含CO气调包装对冷却肉护色效果的研究

本试验采用0.5%CO/60%CO2/39.5%N2(CO组)真空(真空组)、70%O2/30%CO2(高氧组)和60%CO2/40%N2(无氧组)四种不同的气调包装,以及三种不同CO浓度的气调包装分别包装冷却肉并在1±1℃下贮藏,研究CO气调包装对肉色稳定性的影响。结果显示,CO组可明显延长冷却肉色泽稳定的时间,使冷却肉在整个贮存期中都保持鲜艳的红色,优于真空组、高氧组和无氧组,CO可向肉中不断渗透,生成稳定的鲜艳红色的CO-肌红蛋白。     

包装材料对高氧气调包装冷鲜肉品质变化的影响

气调包装能有效延长冷却肉的货架期,但是不同阻隔性的包装材料对冷却肉的保质期影响差异显著,因此选用3种不同阻隔性的包装材料,对冷鲜肉进行高氧气调包装(35% CO2、65% O2),测定冷鲜肉在贮藏期的菌落总数、大肠菌群、色泽、挥发性盐基态氮、汁液流失率和pH值等指标,观察不同阻隔性的材料对冷却肉货架期品质的影响。结果表明：高氧包装条件下,高阻隔材料包装的冷却肉在贮存10d菌落总数已经超标,pH值在贮存期内处于二级鲜肉的范围内;中阻隔包装材料包装的冷却肉菌落总数对数值在保质期内未超过6(lg(CFU/g)),但是肉色保持的较好,感官评价相对较好,但是汁液流失较大;低阻隔包装材料低阻隔性的包装材料菌落变化最大,13d时菌落总数对数值达到6.46(lg(CFU/g)),肉的色泽相对较差,气味和总体可接受性也较差,因此,中阻隔性包装材料效果较好。     

3种天然香辛料液对冷却肉的保鲜效果

利用超声波辅助提取香辛料液,得到八角、白胡椒、肉桂的不同质量浓度水提取液,用以处理冷却猪通脊肉,并考查其在0～4℃贮藏条件下的保鲜效果.通过测定菌落总数、TVB-N值、汁液流失率、感官评分等指标,对冷却猪肉新鲜度进行综合评价.结果表明:八角、白胡椒、肉桂的水提取液质量浓度分别为0.2、0.05、0.05g/100mL时,对冷却猪肉具有良好的保鲜效果.在单因素试验的基础上,进行正交试验,通过感官评分和1/TVB-N值进行综合评价.结果表明:0.2g/100mL八角、0.02g/100mL白胡椒、0.1g/100mL肉桂复合保鲜液对冷却猪肉的保鲜效果较好.     

不同气体组分气调包装对冷鲜鸡肉贮藏品质的影响

以宰杀12 h内的新鲜鸡肉为供试样品,采用5% O2＋40% CO2＋55% N2（处理组1）、10% O2＋40% CO2＋50% N2（处理组2）、40% CO2＋60% N2（处理组3）3 种不同组分气体进行气调包装,以托盘包装为对照组,通过测定鸡肉贮藏过程中包装内的O2含量、CO2含量、样品的挥发性盐基氮（total volatile basic nitrogen,TVB-N）含量、红度值（a*）、菌落总数、pH值、硫代巴比妥酸反应物（thiobarbituric acid reactive substance,TBARs）值等指标的变化,分析3 种不同气体组分气调包装对0～4 ℃条件下贮藏14 d鸡肉品质的影响。结果表明：处理组1、3可显著延缓冷鲜鸡肉贮藏过程中pH值、TVB-N含量、菌落总数的增加（P＜0.05）;处理组1、2均可显著延缓冷鲜鸡肉贮藏过程中TBARs值的增加（P＜0.05）,且处理组1效果更好;处理组1、2均可显著抑制冷鲜鸡肉贮藏过程中a*的下降;总体来讲,保鲜效果最好的为处理组1（5% O2＋40% CO2＋55% N2）。     

Effects of modified atmosphere and vacuum packaging on microbiological and chemical properties of rainbow trout (Oncorynchus mykiss) fillets

Microbial (psychrotrophic, mesophilic aerobic bacteria and Enterobacteriacae counts), and chemical analysis [pH, total volatile bases nitrogen (TVB-N), lipid oxidation (Thiobarbituric acid reactive substance, TBARS)] of rainbow trout (Oncorynchus mykiss) fillets in air (control), vacuum and modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) with various gas mixtures conditions at 4+/-1 degrees C were determined. The gas mixtures evaluated were 100% CO2, 2.5% O2+7.5% N2+90% CO2 and 30% O2+30% N2+40% CO2. Psychrotrophic bacteria count was above 1 x 10(7) cfu/g on the 12th day in 100% CO2. However; mesophilic bacteria count was below 1 x 10(6) cfu/g at the end of the 14-day storage period. Enterobacteriaceae count was significantly lower in samples packaged with MAP. Lipid oxidation increased rapidly after 6 days of storage in the samples containing 30% O2. While minimum TBARS values were recorded in fillets containing 100% CO2 and vacuumed fillets, the lowest TVB-N values were obtained in fillets with 100% CO2.     

Effects of ε-Polylysine on Physicochemical Characteristics of Chilled Pork

The aim of this paper was to research effects of ε-polylysine (ε-PL) on physicochemical characteristics of chilled pork during storage. Chilled pork was treated with different concentrations of ε-PL. Sensory properties, total bacterial counts (TBC), pH, total volatile base nitrogen (TVB-N), metmyoglobin (MetMb) content, and α-thiobarbituric acid (TBA) of treated and control samples were analyzed periodically during refrigerated storage. Compared to control, significant reductions (p?<?0.05) for TBC, pH, TVB-N, and MetMb content of chilled pork treated with ε-PL during storage were found in this study. However, there were significant increments in sensory scores, and TBA almost did not change. TVB-N, pH, and log₁₀CFU/g showed a positive linear relationship among them. These results indicated that 1.25 % ε-PL could effectively inhibit the growth and reproduction of bacteria and enhance preservative effects of chilled pork. Thus, ε-PL has good potential to be a preservative and extends shelf life of chilled pork.     

气调包装对牛肉保鲜效果的影响

冷却牛肉的嫩化及保鲜问题在一定程度上制约了冷却牛肉的普及和发展,气调包装是一种通过调节和控制食品所处环境中气体组成的保鲜方法,并在一定时间内保持相对稳定,以抑制或延缓产品的变质过程,从而达到延长保鲜期和提高保鲜效果的目的。本实验以牛肉为包装对象,通过研究5种不同透气性包装材料在气调包装(45%氧气+30%二氧化碳+25%氮气)气体比例的充气包装方式下,每天对牛肉菌落总数、酸碱值、挥发性盐基氮值、色泽、包装袋内气体含量的变化和剪切力进行测定分析。结果表明:以聚丙烯-聚乙烯-聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯的气调包装材料效果最佳。     

Color stability of ground beef packaged in a low carbon monoxide atmosphere or vacuum

Ground beef was either packaged in an atmosphere of 0.4% CO, 30% CO₂, and 69.6% N₂ (CO-MAP) or vacuum. After storage (48 h, 2–3 °C), packages of CO-MAP and vacuum were opened and overwrapped with polyvinyl chloride. Other CO-MAP and vacuum packages were left intact. Packages were initially displayed for 7 days (2–3 °C). Intact packages were further displayed up to 35 days before being opened and displayed (1 or 3 days). Intact CO-MAP packaged ground beef was always more red than intact vacuum-packaged ground beef. Color was relatively stable for both types of intact packages over 35 days of display. Upon opening CO-MAP packaged ground beef, the red color decreased slower than in ground beef from vacuum packages.     

The storage life of beef and pork packaged in an atmosphere with low carbon monoxide and high carbon dioxide

Ground beef, beef loin steaks and pork chops were packaged in modified atmospheres of 0.4% CO/60% CO(2)/40% N(2) and 70% O(2)/30% CO(2). In addition ground beef was packaged in clipped chub packs, beef loin steaks were vacuum packaged, and pork chops were packaged in an atmosphere of 60% CO(2)/40% N(2) with each pack containing an O(2) absorber. The packs were stored in the dark at 4 or 8°C for up to 21 days. Meat in 0.4% CO/60% CO(2)/40% N(2) had a stable bright red colour that lasted beyond the time of spoilage. The storage lives in this gas mixture at 4°C, as limited by off-odours, were 11, 14 and 21 days for ground beef, beef loin steaks and pork chops, respectively. The 70% O(2)/30% CO(2) atmosphere resulted in an initially bright red to red colour of the meat, but the colour was unstable and off-odours developed rapidly. The off-odours probably were caused by Brochothrix thermosphacta, which grew in all meat types, or by pseudomonads in ground beef. Meat stored in chub packs, vacuum packs or 60% CO(2)/40% N(2) with an O(2) absorber developed off-odours and microflora similar to those of meat in 0.4% CO/60% CO(2)/40% N(2), but with less acceptable appearances. These results show that a low CO/high CO(2) atmosphere is effective for preserving retail-ready meat. ?