环保型石油干洗剂测试纺织品干洗色牢度方法研究

现在纺织品干洗色牢度测试普遍采用四氯乙烯作干洗剂，至2006年底必须停止使用(四氯乙烯属环保禁用之列)。文章对环保型石油干洗剂(象王、EXXSOLD40)测试纺织品干洗色牢度的方法进行了全面系统的研究，包括干洗剂用量、干洗温度、干洗时间、干洗剂对常用染料结构的影响等，并对干洗剂对织物的净洗力作了测试，与四氯乙烯作了对比试验。结果表明：石油干洗剂与四氯乙烯干洗后织物变色色差灰卡级在0．5级范围内。可以替代四氯乙烯，干洗条件参照GB／T5711-1997。     

质检总局发布多项纺织服装行业国家标准

<正>日前,国家质检总局、国家标准委发布公告,批准发布了《机织儿童服装》《服装测量方法》和《纺织品色牢度试验耐四氯乙烯干洗色牢度》等354项国家标准。其中,《纺织品色牢度试验耐四氯乙烯干洗色牢度》标准名称明确修改为"四氯乙烯"干洗后,更加贴近市场中实际运用的干洗溶剂,使得与商业干洗所得结果有良好的关联性。同时修改了试验原理,增加"试样与贴衬织物贴合后进行试验",并将评定溶剂沾色改为贴衬沾色。     

耐干洗色牢度标准变更差异及影响

耐干洗色牢度是纺织品常用技术指标之一,本文用试验数据分析了GB/T 5711《纺织品色牢度试验耐四氯乙烯干洗色牢度》新旧标准给结果带来的差异,同时分析了新标准启用后检测机构在测试时的注意事项以及对企业带来的影响。     

环保型羊毛织物干洗剂的应用研究

对石油干洗剂SD60添加表面活性剂,提高其增溶作用,使干洗剂对羊毛织物有了更好的干洗效果,可代替毒性较强的四氯乙烯干洗剂。     

四氯乙烯商业干洗技术规范的标准化

研究了采用四氯乙烯作为干洗剂的商业干洗技术规范的标准化.通过分析国内外相关技术标准的现状,从干洗剂和干洗设备的选择、干洗时间和干洗程序的设定等方面探讨了影响商业干洗技术规范标准化的技术因素,并提出了四氯乙烯商业干洗技术规范的标准化方案.     

耐干洗色牢度新旧标准的比较

本文主要介绍了GB/T 5711—2015《纺织品色牢度试验耐四氯乙烯干洗色牢度》修改和增加的技术内容,总结了2015年版标准与1997年版标准的差异。     

干洗对服装面辅料配伍性影响的聚类分析

干洗对服装面辅料配伍性的影响程度与服装的品质紧密相关。以冬季女上装常用面料和里料为例,在对试样进行结构参数测试和四氯乙烯、石油溶剂商业干洗,对干洗前后试样的长宽厚尺寸、折皱回复性、悬垂性、刚柔性、色牢度等相关性能指标进行测试的基础上,以SPSS聚类分析法就四氯乙烯和石油溶剂干洗对服装面辅料配伍性的影响进行分析,就干洗对服装面辅料的结构和性能的影响程度以及干洗对面辅料配伍性的主要影响因素作了探讨,并对服装设计师和行业有关部门提出了相关建议。     

有色织物耐汗渍-摩擦色牢度测试探讨

为探寻实际穿着中纺织品褪色的原因，对织物色牢度采用先浸汗液再进行摩擦牢度测试，测试结果表明某些被测织物的变色程度、沾色程度均比单一色牢度测试变化大，对其原因作了分析。     

涤氨面料深色染色工艺

针对深色涤氨混纺织物湿摩擦色牢度和干洗色牢度较差的问题,试验采用酸性染料与分散染料在助剂DFM和ELA的作用下对涤氨混纺织物进行染色,优化染色工艺,并测试染色织物的各项色牢度。结果表明,采用125℃高温对涤氨织物染色,很好地解决了色牢度的问题。     

试验比较国内外纺织品耐干洗色牢度标准

本文用试验数据分析了耐干洗色牢度现行国家标准GB／T5711-1997《纺织品色牢度试验耐干洗色牢度》和国际标准ISO105-D01：2010《纺织品色牢度试验第D01部分：耐干洗色牢度》间的差异。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Contribution of European research to risk analysis

The European Commission's, Quality of Life Research Programme, Key Action 1—Health, Food & Nutrition is mission-oriented and aims, amongst other things, at providing a healthy, safe and high-quality food supply leading to reinforced consumer confidence in the safety of European food. Its objectives also include the enhancing of the competitiveness of the European food supply. Key Action 1 is currently supporting a number of different types of European collaborative projects in the area of risk analysis. The objectives of these projects range from the development and validation of prevention strategies including the reduction of consumers risks; development and validation of new modelling approaches; harmonization of risk assessment principles, methodologies, and terminology; standardization of methods and systems used for the safety evaluation of transgenic food; providing of tools for the evaluation of human viral contamination of shellfish and quality control; new methodologies for assessing the potential of unintended effects of genetically modified (genetically modified) foods; development of a risk assessment model for Cryptosporidium parvum related to the food and water industries; to the development of a communication platform for genetically modified organism, producers, retailers, regulatory authorities and consumer groups to improve safety assessment procedures, risk management strategies and risk communication; development and validation of new methods for safety testing of transgenic food; evaluation of the safety and efficacy of iron supplementation in pregnant women; evaluation of the potential cancer-preventing activity of pro- and pre-biotic ('synbiotic') combinations in human volunteers. An overview of these projects is presented here.