十八醇/DMDBS凝胶态相变材料的制备与性能研究

研究了凝胶因子在醇类复合相变材料中的应用,以十八醇为储能材料,以二(3,4-二甲基苄叉)山梨醇(DMDBS)为凝胶因子制备了一种新的凝胶态复合相变材料,得到的复合相变材料具有较高的储能密度,相变材料的含量可达到94.2%。所制备的复合相变材料不易发生泄漏,DMDBS添加量为3%时,复合相变材料的凝胶解缔温度为177.4～189.8℃,远高于十八醇的熔点。DSC结果表明,复合相变材料的熔融焓变和凝固焓变分别为184.4和180.9J/g。经过100次热循环实验后,复合相变材料的相变温度没有明显变化,焓变值略有降低。通过SEM观察了复合相变材料和干凝胶的表面形态。通过添加膨胀石墨(EG)提高了复合PCM的导热性,使升温和降温时间分别缩短了54.75%和56.36%。     

十二醇/蒙脱土复合相变储能材料的制备及性能研究

采用超声震动和液相插层相结合的方法制备出十二醇/蒙脱土复合储能材料.用XRD、IR、SEM、DSC等方法对其结构及储能性能进行了研究.结果表明,复合相变材料具有较适宜的相变温度,较高的相转变焓,较好的热稳定性,储能性能适合做建筑相变材料.     

聚乙二醇/埃洛石复合相变材料的制备及其性能研究

以聚乙二醇为相变材料、埃洛石为基体材料,采用无水乙醇夹带的方法制备出了聚乙二醇/埃洛石复合相变材料.借助于SEM、FT-IR和TG-DSC等手段对复合相变材料的形貌特征、吸附效果、复合机理及热性能进行了研究.结果表明:复合相变材料中聚乙二醇的适宜含量为65％(质量分数,下同),复合相变材料的相变温度为58.7℃、相变焓...     

PEG/PVA复合物相变焓的影响因素研究

通过接枝共聚法制备了PEG/PVA复合高分子固-固相变材料,用DSC差示扫描量热法对其相变曲线进行了测试,讨论了影响PEG/PVA复合物相变焓的影响因素.结果表明,PVA含量、反应温度和反应时间都对复合物的相变焓有影响,且PVA含量对复合物相变焓值影响最大.     

相变材料的复合及其调温性能研究

为了进一步拓宽相变材料的应用范围和使用价值，开发新型储能材料，采用“溶胶-凝胶”工艺制备出不同相变材料A质量分数的复合相变材料。运用DSC、TG、DTG、IR以及偏关显微镜等手段对复合材料的热性能及结构进行了测试和分析。结果表明，复合相变材料的相变焓及相变温度随相变材料A质量分数不断增加而增大，复合后材料的相变焓及相变温度均低于纯相变材料的相变焓及相变温度。红外显示二氧化硅和相变材料之间仅仅是嵌合关系。偏光照片显示复合材料表面有多孔结构，材料被嵌入二氧化硅网络结构中，从而改善了固．液材料相变过程泄漏问题，提高了材料稳定性。     

吸热型隔热材料在冲压发动机热防护中的应用

首先介绍了相变吸热材料的概念、分类及部分相变材料的热物性,并探讨了其在冲压发动机热防护中的应用价值.无机熔融盐具有较高的相变温度和较大的相变焓,适于作为冲压发动机热防护热端相变材料;热防护层冷端选择多元醇作为相变材料,可通过相变吸热有效减缓冷端升温速率.以纤维多孔陶瓷作为基体制备复合相变材料可解决无机熔融盐的液相流动渗透问题,并讨论了复合材料的制备工艺.     

硅藻土吸附正十八烷高相变焓复合相变材料的制备及其性能研究

利用硅藻土比表面积大、孔洞多因而吸附性好的特点,吸附正十八烷,制备出形态稳定、高相变焓的硅藻土/正十八烷复合相变材料.利用扫描电镜(SEM)观察其表面形貌,采用红外光谱法(FTIR)分析材料的微观结构,用热重分析仪(TG)及受热形态变化对其热稳定性进行了表征,用示差扫描量热法(DSC)对其相变温度及相变焓进行了测定.结果表明:制得的复合相变材料的分解温度在240℃以上,当正十八烷的吸附量不超过40％时,在高于相变温度时未泄漏,相变温度在26～31℃之间,并且具有很高的相变焓(131.6～163.3 J/g),是一类形态稳定、相变焓高、热性能良好、应用前景广泛的节能环保材料.     

膨胀石墨定形复合相变材料热性能可视化研究

膨胀石墨(EG)作为吸附材料不仅可以防止石蜡(PA)泄漏，还可以提高复合相变材料的导热系数。采用熔融混合法制备了EG含量不同的3种石蜡/膨胀石墨(PA/EG)定形复合相变材料，并对复合相变材料的潜热、热导率、热稳定性和热分解特性进行研究；搭建了可视化控温系统，在恒热流密度下采用红外热成像仪对复合相变材料传热特性进行可视化研究。研究结果表明：EG含量为30%(wt,质量分数，下同)时，复合相变材料导热系数为5.21W/(m·K),与PA相比提高约20倍；随着EG含量的增加，复合相变材料的相变焓逐渐降低，当EG含量为30%时，循环100次后复合相变材料的相变焓为183.6J/g;从熔融过程的温度可视化结果可得，复合相变材料中的EG虽然削弱了自然对流的影响，但是由于其导热系数远高于PA,所以复合相变材料温度变化较为明显。     

泡沫金属复合相变材料传热特性的有限元仿真分析

以泡沫金属材料作为骨架,将相变储能材料注入其孔隙中构成复合相变材料作为研究对象。根据泡沫金属和相变材料的结构特点,利用ANSYS软件建立模型,将相变材料的潜热定义到材料的焓中,其中焓的数值随温度变化,再分别对泡沫金属复合相变材料和未含泡沫金属的相变材料进行相变传热过程的有限元仿真分析。结果表明,采用泡沫金属的复合相变材料的传热特性得到很大的改善,泡沫金属的使用增加了原有相变材料的传热速度,显著缩短了相变材料熔化和凝固的时间。ANSYS的便捷性和灵活的操作性,对研究较复杂的相变问题具有一定的参考意义。     

多孔基复合相变材料的制备与研究进展

相变材料具有储能密度较高、储存温度较低、近似恒温操作和储存空间较小等特点,利用相变材料与合适的多孔基体复合可形成多孔基复合相变材料,从而实现其对环境温度调节和控制的目的。综述了多孔基复合相变材料的制备与研究方面的进展情况,并着重介绍了可用于与多孔基体复合的相变材料种类、多孔基体的选择和多孔基复合相变材料的应用,对于了解和掌握多孔基复合相变材料的制备、研究和应用具有较为重要的参考价值。     

Measurements of Heat Capacity and Enthalpy of Phase Change Materials by Adiabatic Scanning Calorimetry

Phase change materials (PCMs) are substances exhibiting phase transitions with large latent heats that can be used as thermal storage materials with a large energy storage capacity in a relatively narrow temperature range. In many practical applications the solid–liquid phase change is used. For applications accurate knowledge of different thermal parameters has to be available. In particular, the temperature dependence of the enthalpy around the phase transition has to be known with good accuracy. Usually, the phase transitions of PCMs are investigated with differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) at fast dynamic scanning rates resulting in the effective heat capacity from which the (total) heat of transition can be determined. Here we present adiabatic scanning calorimetry (ASC) as an alternative approach to arrive simultaneously at the equilibrium enthalpy curve and at the heat capacity. The applicability of ASC is illustrated with measurements on paraffin-based PCMs and on a salt hydrate PCM.     

LDPE/MMT/PEG相变材料的制备及性能

以聚乙二醇(PEG)为相变物质,同层状纳米蒙脱土(MMT)进行插层复合,选择聚乙烯接枝马来酸酐(LDPE-gMAH)为增容剂在Brabender塑化机中同低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)树脂熔融共混制备复合相变材料.采用红外光谱(IR)、差示扫描量热仪(DSC)和偏光显微镜(PLM)对LDPE/MMT/PEG复合相变材料的结构...     

脂肪酸相变材料导热系数测试及相变传热过程的数值模拟

相变材料在相变过程中由于材料本身状态的变化,其相变传热过程属于具有移动边界的非线性过程,针对相变材料相变传热过程中非线性传热特征,对月桂酸-癸酸混合脂肪酸相变材料的热性能进行了研究,利用差示扫描量热法(Differential Scanning Cal-orimetry)对相变材料的相变潜热和相变温度进行了测试,利用DRE-2C导热系数测定仪测试了不同摩尔比例脂肪酸相变材料以及相变材料在不同测试温度下的导热系数,通过将无机多孔材料硅藻土和脂肪酸相变材料混合制备了一种无机复合相变材料,并对其导热系数和蓄放热性能进行了测试,利用有限元法对相变材料的相变过程进行了数值模拟。研究表明,脂肪酸相变材料的导热系数和其相变温度呈反比关系,相变材料的相变温度越高,其导热系数越低。对于同一相变材料来说,相变材料的导热系数随着材料温度的升高而升高,硅藻土的掺入明显增加了相变材料的导热系数,复合相变材料蓄放热速率加快,改善了相变材料的传热性能。有限元模拟分析法可以较好地描述相变材料的传热过程,相变材料的导热性能需要强化以提高其蓄放热的速率和频率。     

The durability of cementitious composites containing microencapsulated phase change materials

This study investigates the durability of cementitious composites containing microencapsulated phase change materials (PCMs). First, the stability of the PCM's enthalpy of phase change was examined. A reduction of around 25% in the phase change enthalpy was observed, irrespective of PCM dosage and aging. Significantly, this reduction in enthalpy was not caused by mechanical damage that was induced during mixing, but rather by chemical interactions with dissolved SO₄^2- ions. Second, the influence of PCM additions on water absorption and drying shrinkage of PCM-mortar composites were examined. PCM microcapsules reduced the rate and extent of water sorption; the former was due to their non-sorptive nature which induces hindrances in moisture movement, and the latter was due to dilution, i.e., a reduction in the volume of sorptive cement paste. On the other hand, PCM inclusions did not influence the drying shrinkage of cementitious composites, due to their inability to restrain the shrinkage of the cement paste. The results suggest that PCMs exert no detrimental influences on, and, in specific cases, may even slightly improve the durability of cementitious composites.     

Multifunctional HDPE/CNTs/PW composite phase change materials with excellent thermal and electrical conductivities

The risk of leakage and low thermal conductivity severely hinder the wide application of phase change materials(PCMs).In this work,the high-density polyethylene/carbon nanotubes(HDPE/CNTs)porous scaffolds were successfully fabricated via a sacrificial template method followed by the general melt blending and water solvent etching.Subsequently,a series of paraffin wax HDPE/CNTs/PW composite PCMs were obtained combined with the simple vacuum impregnation method.The obtained HDPE/CNTs porous scaffolds can effectively avoid the leakage of PW,meanwhile,the thermal conductivity and electri-cal conductivity of HDPE/CNTs/PW-3:7 are increased by 2.94 times and 13 orders of magnitude compared with the HDPE/PW-3:7 respectively,also,it exhibits high phase change enthalpy(153.95 J/g for melting enthalpy and 152.82 J/g for crystallization enthalpy).From the above perspectives,the HDPE/CNTs/PW-3:7 has promising potential value in the application of light-to-thermal conversion,electro-to-thermal conversion and thermal energy storage.     

On the feasibility of using phase change materials (PCMs) to mitigate thermal cracking in cementitious materials

Temperature changes driven by hydration reactions and environmental loading are a leading cause of thermal cracking in restrained concrete elements. This work describes preliminary investigations on the use of microencapsulated phase change materials (PCMs) as a means to mitigate such thermal cracking. Special attention is paid to quantify aspects of: heat absorption and release, the development of unrestrained/restrained thermal stresses and strains and the mechanical properties including: compressive strength, elastic modulus and fracture behavior. First, PCMs incorporated in cementitious systems absorb and release heat, which scales as a function of their dosage and enthalpy of phase change. Second, for restrained and unrestrained conditions and for equal temperature change, the thermal deformation and stresses developed are noted to be similar to a plain cement system independent of the PCM dosage. However, PCM additions are noted to reduce the rate of deformation and stress development so long as the phase transition is active. Third, while the presence of PCMs does depress the compressive strength and elastic modulus (in increasing proportion with dosage), the fracture toughness is impacted to a lesser degree. While of a preliminary nature, the studies highlight a novel means of exploiting phase transitions to control thermal stress evolutions in restrained elements.     

改性石蜡制备及低红外发射率研究

采用丙烯酸接枝石蜡与苯胺酰胺化的方法制备改性石蜡,以此为黏合剂,Al粉为填料,制备出发射率可调的复合相变材料,并对复合相变材料的结构、热性能、控温效果和红外发射率进行了表征。结果表明,改性石蜡的相变温度提高了16.3%,相变潜热提高近60%,控温效果提高了39.3%,添加40%Al粉的复合相变材料的红外发射率可降至最低。     

Paraffin/carbon aerogel phase change materials with high enthalpy and thermal conductivity

Two kinds of carbon aerogels, graphene aerogels (GA) and carbon nanotubes-graphene aerogels (CGA), were prepared by modified hydrothermal method. The form-stable phase change materials (PCMs) were fabricated by adsorbing paraffin into carbon aerogels. Morphology, structure, form stability and thermal property were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), in situ X-ray diffraction (in situ XRD) and differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). The results showed that GA presented wrinkled surface textures with curling edges, and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were interspersed or attached to GA sheets. The phase transition temperature and the phase change enthalpy of the GA/paraffin PCM composite were 48.7 °C and 223.2 J/g, respectively. Thermal and mechanical properties of PCM composites achieved a qualitative leap with the adding of carbon aerogels. The PCM composites had a thermal conductivity of about 2.182 W/m K at the carbon aerogels loading fraction of 2 wt%. The form-stable PCM composites with high thermal conductivity and high enthalpy could be promising for thermal energy storage applications in construction field.     

Hierarchically porous CMC/rGO/CNFs aerogels for leakage-proof mirabilite phase change materials with superior energy thermal storage

As a kind of essential hydrated salt phase change energy storage materials, mirabilite with high energy storage density and mild phase-transition temperature has excellent application potential in the problems of solar time and space mismatch. However, there are some disadvantages such as supercooling, substantial phase stratification and leakage problem, limiting its further applications. In this work, for the preparation of shaped mirabilite phase change materials (MPCMs), graphene (GO), sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), and carbon nanofibers (CNFs) were used as starting materials to prepare lightweight CMC/rGO/CNFs carbon aerogel (CGCA) as support with stable shape, high specific surface area, and well-arranged hierarchically porous structure. The results show that CGCA has regular layered plentiful pores and stable foam structure, and the pore and sheet interspersed structure in CGCA stabilizes PCMs via capillary force and surface tension. The hydrophilic aerogels supported MPCMs decrease mirabilite leaking and reduce supercooling to around 0.7‒1 °C. The latent heats of melting and crystallization of CGCA-supported mirabilite phase change materials (CGCA-PCMs) are 157.1 and 114.8 J·g⁻¹, respectively. Furthermore, after 1500 solid‒liquid cycles, there is no leakage, and the retention rate of crystallization latent heat is 45.32%, exhibiting remarkable thermal cycling stability.     

高温相变换热材料的研究进展和应用

随着全球性能源与环境的不断恶化,能源充分利用和新能源开发成为业界关注的重点。相变储热是利用相变材料在其物相变化过程中从环境吸收热(冷)量或向环境释放热(冷)量,从而达到能量的储存或释放的目的,并能与新能源结合应用。分析了高温相变材料的种类和各自特点,介绍了其在各行各业的应用情况,并对高温相变材料的未来发展进行了展望。