腹腔镜下胆道镜联合钬激光碎石治疗肝内胆管结石

目的探讨腹腔镜下胆道镜联合钬激光治疗肝内胆管结石的疗效及应用价值。方法将40例肝内胆管结石患者分为两组,对照组20例,以传统开腹手术配合术中胆道镜取石;观察组20例,以腹腔镜术中胆道镜联合钬激光碎石,比较两组临床疗效。结果观察组中残余结石完全取净18例（90％）,平均手术时间140min,半均住院时间8．3d,无切口感染,术后残余结石2例,经T管窦道胆道镜再次取石。对照组取净结石12例（60％）,平均手术时间125min,平均住院时间14．2d,切口感染4例,术后残余结石8例,经T管窦道配合胆道镜再次取石,其中多次镜下取石3例,再次开腹手术1例。两组在结石取净率、平均手术次数、切口感染率、平均住院时间的差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）,平均手术时间差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论腹腔镜下钬激光联合胆道镜治疗肝内胆管结石,安全、高效、微创。     

腹腔镜下胆道镜联合钬激光碎石治疗肝内胆管结石54例

回顾分析行腹腔镜下胆道镜联合钬激光碎石治疗肝内胆管结石54例患者的临床资料,其中手术成功49例,5例中转开腹,手术时间70-180min,平均120min。40例留置T型管,术后平均22（18～32）d拔除T型管,1例发生胆瘘,1例残留结石,其余病例无胆管狭窄、胆管出血和残留结石等手术并发症。腹腔镜下胆道镜联合钬激光碎石治疗肝内胆管结石具有创伤轻、痛苦小、康复快、腹腔脏器干扰少等优点,同时能取得与开腹手术相同的治疗效果。     

肝内胆管结石的胆道镜治疗

目的探讨肝内胆管难取性结石的胆道镜治疗方法。方法625例肝内胆管结石患者均行胆总管探查 T管引流术,术后6周行纤维胆道镜取石。结果625例患者中619例结石取净,取石成功率为99.04%。结论纤维胆道镜是治疗肝内胆管结石一种安全而有效的方法。     

胆道镜下肝内胆管结石治疗的体会

我们自1980年采用纤维胆道镜治疗肝内胆管结石以来,至现在肝内胆管结石手术中常规进行电子胆道镜检查,术后经引流管窦道胆道镜检查。经过12000次的实践,给肝内胆管结石诊治带来了新机。本研究参与病例7517例,总结了胆道镜下治疗肝内胆管结石的方法,并对其效果进行了评价。     

应用纤维胆道镜治疗肝内胆管残余结石

肝胆管结石病被认为是胆道外科中 (除肿瘤外 )最常见、最复杂、最棘手、最难治疾病之一。自 80年代纤维胆道镜的问世及技术不断改进为胆道结石或残留结石的治疗开辟了一条较理想途径 ,为胆石病患者带来了福音 ,自 1994年 7月 ,我院应用纤维胆道镜治疗肝胆管残余结石 90例 ,效果满意。1　临床资料本组应用纤维胆道镜治疗 90例 ,是从同期 2 0 0例胆道手术筛选 ,残石率占 4 5% ,男 4 0例 ,女 50例 ;诊断方法为胆总管切开取石 ,T管引流 ,有 10例行左肝外叶切除术。术后病人二周常规行 T管造影证实有残余结石影。残石分类 ,其中左右肝管 4 0例 ,…     

腹腔镜联合纤维胆道镜治疗肝外胆管结石

目的探讨腹腔镜联合纤维胆道镜治疗肝外胆管结石的效果。方法37例肝外胆管结石采用腹腔镜下胆总管切开联合纤维胆道镜探查取石、Ⅰ期缝合胆总管或胆总管T管引流。结果手术均获成功,无中转开腹,该手术的创伤小、出血少,恢复快。结论腹腔镜联合纤维胆道镜治疗肝外胆管结石只要掌握适应证,就是一种创伤小、恢复快、安全、可靠、有效的新技术。     

胆道镜在肝内胆管结石治疗中的地位

正肝内胆管结石一直是胆道外科领域的治疗难点,因为其复发率和残石率高,国内有报道肝内胆管结石术后残石率高达60%~70%[1],虽然肝切除治疗肝胆管结石被公认为是最理想的治疗方式,然而肝切除的手术风险和技术要求限制了其在临床上的应用(特别在基层医院),因此,肝内胆管结石患者经受多次不彻底手术的现实在我国十分普遍,这种现实对于我国这样一个发病率高且经济欠发达的国家,它给患者和国家带来了沉重的经济和精神负担;     

腹腔镜联合纤维胆道镜治疗肝内外胆管结石

目的 探讨腹腔镜联合纤维胆道镜治疗肝内外胆管结石的可行性及临床应用价值。方法 2000年9月—2002年3月，10例肝内外胆管结石采用腹腔镜下胆总管切开联合纤维胆道镜探查取石。1期缝合胆总管或胆总管T管引流。结果 手术均获成功，无中转开腹。除1例术后胆漏经保守方法治愈外，其余无并发症发生。术后2例胆道残余结石，经门诊胆道镜取净残余结石。结论 腹腔镜联合纤维胆道镜治疗肝内外胆管结石是一种微创、安全、可靠、有效的新技术，但应掌握好适应证。     

腹腔镜胆道镜联合钬激光治疗肝内胆管结石115例体会

目的探讨腹腔镜胆道镜联合钬激光治疗肝内胆管结石的疗效及应用价值。方法应用腹腔镜、胆道镜、钬激光治疗肝内胆管结石115例,经胆总管取石。术后2—3个月经T管窦道再次胆道镜探查及取石。结果顺利完成手术106例,成功率92．2％,9例中转开腹（7．8％）。30例术后Ⅲ级胆管残留结石（26．1％）,8例Ⅱ级胆管残留结石（7．0％）,胆总管无残留结石。经T管窦道胆道镜探查97例,取石27例（27．8％）,其中单纯取石篮套取石19例（19．6％）,再次钬激光碎取石8例（8．2％）。多次镜下取石6例,1例镜下取石多达12次。再次手术3例（2．6％）。结论腹腔镜胆道镜联合钬激光治疗肝内胆管结石微创、高效,且安全实用。     

胆道镜、钬激光在腹腔镜肝内外胆管结石治疗中的应用

目的:探讨胆道镜、钬激光联合腹腔镜治疗肝内外胆管结石的疗效及应用价值。方法:应用腹腔镜、胆道镜、钬激光治疗肝内外胆管结石128例,行胆总管切开取石,T管引流或一期缝合。结果:手术均获成功,无中转开腹。术后胆总管无残留结石。2例合并肝内胆管结石患者,10个月内胆总管结石复发。结论:胆道镜、钬激光联合腹腔镜治疗肝内外胆管结石安全、有效且微创。     

The treatment of intrahepatic calculosis by applying helix hydro-jet lithotripsy under video choledochoscope: a report of 30 cases

Background and aims Intrahepatic lithiasis is a common disease in southeast Asia [Sheen-Chen and Chou, Acta Chir Scand 156:387–390, 1990], and a difficult problem of biliary surgery. There is no established method of treating patients with intrahepatic stones [Uchiyama et al., Arch Surg 137:149–533, 2002]. In recent years, resection of the affected liver lobe or segment is the best therapeutic option to completely remove the source of recurrent infection. The need for endoscopic treatment modalities is evident because hepatic resections are combined with a high morbidity and mortality rate [Andersson et al., HPB Surg 2:145–147, 1990; Adamek et al., Scand J Gastroenterol 34:1157–1161, 1999]. Hepatic resection only fit the cases in which the stones localized in one lobe or segment, while it doesn’t fit the cases which have polystones in left and right biliary tract. Duodenoscope can only get the stones in the common bile duct and cannot deal with the intrahepatic lithiasis. The management of intrahepatic lithiasis can only be treated by intraoperative or postoperative choledochoscope. For big stones or compact stones, lithotripsy should be applied. But the laser lithotripsy and the electrohydraulic lithotripsy can cause serious complications such as perforation of bile duct. It needs a safer and more reliable treatment for intrahepatic lithiasis. The aim of our work is to study the lithotrity treatment of intrahepatic lithiasis by using helix hydro-jet under Video Choledochoscope.Materials and methods From March 31, 2003 to October 20, 2004, 30 intrahepatic stone patients were treated. Eighteen of them were women and 12 were men, with ages ranging from 35 to 80 years (mean, 58 years). According to B ultrasound and computed tomography (CT) scan report, there were five cases of intrahepatic lithiasis and common bile duct stones, 25 cases of left and right hepatic duct stones, and one case with giant intrahepatic stone (1.5 × 1.5 × 1.2 cm). Intraoperative or postoperative choledochoscopic helix hydro-jet lithotripsy was applied through a video choledochoscope. For the patients to have the intraoperative choledochoscopic helix hydro-jet lithotripsy, they should be diagnosed correctly by B ultrasound or CT scan. The biliary tract reconstruction by spiral CT scan is as helpful as MRCP or ERCP for clinical diagnosis. For the patients to have the postoperative choledochoscopic helix hydro-jet lithotripsy, they should be diagnosed correctly by T-tube cholangiography and BUS and CT scan. All patients should be verified without stones remaining in the bile duct after lithotripsy by choledochoscopic examination and T-tube cholangiography, and should be examined by BUS again after 6 months to 1 year. We decide whether complications occurred by observation of symptoms and signs after choledochoscopy and lithotripsy.Results Seventy-five intrahepatic stones with diameter ranging from 0.6 to 1.5 cm were successfully fragmentized in 30 patients using of helix hydro-jet lithotripsy. These fragmentized stones mainly are bilirubin stones. The lithotripsy was carried for 45 times and the procedure needs 1–1.5 h. Helix hydro-jet lithotripsy are used in 16 cases during operation and 12 cases after operation; two cases during operation and after operation. Intrahepatic calculosis was cleaned out completely and verified by postoperative choledochoscope examination and postoperative T-tube cholangiography examination. No complications were observed.Conclusion Helix hydro-jet lithotripsy under video choledochoscope is a safe and effective method for the removal of intrahepatic stone. No bile duct damnified and perforation was observed. The procedure is without pain and heat, and the pressure can be adjusted easily. The research provides a new way of using the helix hydro-jet, and a new way of curing the intrahepatic lithiasis.Electronic Supplementary Material Supplementary material is available for this article at     

Liver resection as the definitive treatment for unilateral non-oriental primary intrahepatic lithiasis

BACKGROUND: The current study sought to evaluate the results of liver resection as the treatment for unilateral non-oriental primary intrahepatic lithiasis (PHIL). METHODS: Twenty-seven symptomatic patients (mean age 42 years) were submitted to liver resection; the indications were parenchymal fibrosis/atrophy in 22 and biliary stenosis in 5. Resection was associated with a Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy in patients with a significant degree of dilation of the extrahepatic biliary duct. RESULTS: There was no operative mortality and the morbidity rate was 7.4% (2 patients with biliary fistula). After a median follow-up of 41.2 months, the overall rate of good results was 92.6%. All patients submitted to liver resection alone presented good late results, while 80% of those with associated hepaticojejunostomy did not have complications (P = .12). Late complications were observed in 2 patients (7.4%): 1 with a liver abscess and 1 with cholangitis and recurrent stones. There was no mortality during long-term follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Liver resection showed low incidence of complications and good long-term results. None of the patients with unilateral disease without associated extrahepatic bile duct dilation presented complications and they were considered cured. We believe that resection indications should be expanded and the procedure should be indicated as routine in patients with unilateral PHIL even in the absence of parenchymal fibrosis/atrophy or biliary stenosis.     

术后胆道镜治疗肝内胆管狭窄并结石的价值

目的总结胆道镜在术后治疗肝内胆管结石的经验,探讨肝内胆管结石治疗的合理模式。方法回顾性分析2000年1月至2012年12月应用胆道镜在术后经T管瘘道治疗肝内胆管结石病人697例的病例资料,统计疗效指标。结果 672例病人取净结石,结石取净率为96.4%。胆道镜共发现1306支肝内胆管狭窄,其中1 297支狭窄得到解除,狭窄解除率为99.3%。胆管上皮细胞自身具有良好的修复功能,狭窄解除、结石取净后胆管壁能恢复光滑。9例病人出现严重并发症,均经治疗后痊愈,其中7例通过后续胆道镜治疗取净结石。结论术后胆道镜治疗能有效地解除肝内胆管狭窄,取净结石;尤其在处理肝段胆管开口狭窄上胆道镜具有明显优势(发现和解除)。因此,术后规范的胆道镜治疗结合术中萎缩肝段切除、取出肝外胆管结石构成肝内胆管结石治疗的完整模式。     

纤维胆道镜、术中B超、螺旋水刀综合治疗肝内外胆管结石的价值

目的评估术中纤维胆道镜、超声、螺旋水刀综合治疗肝内外胆管结石中的价值。方法收集2004年1月到2008年12月211例肝内外胆管结石患者临床资料,按不同的手术方法分为3组：Ⅰ组术中纤维胆道镜取石70例,Ⅱ组术中B超、纤维胆道镜取石68例,Ⅲ组术中B超、纤维胆道镜、螺旋水刀联合取石73例,比较3组的疗效。结果Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组的残石率分别是21.43%、8.82%、4.11%,结石复发率分别是31.43%、16.18%、5.48%,胆管炎发生率分别是14.29%、11.76%、2.74%。结论纤维胆道镜、术中超声、螺旋水刀联合治疗肝内胆管结石能降低残石率、结石复发率和胆管炎发生率,同时能明确术前未能确诊的病变,有利于术中正确选择手术方式。     

腹腔镜联合胆道镜治疗胆管结石77例临床体会

目的探讨腹腔镜联合胆道镜治疗胆管结石的可行性及临床体会。方法回顾性分析2011年12月~2013年12月77例在我院腹腔镜联合胆道镜下行胆囊切除、胆总管切开取石+T管引流术的病人术中情况、术后临床恢复情况及疗效,对其手术成功率、手术时间、术中失血量、肠功能恢复时间、住院时间、术后胆漏例数及残石例数等指标进行分析。结果77例患者手术均获成功,无中转开腹,其中63例行T管引流,14例行胆总管一期缝合;手术时间75~170min;术中出血40~150ml;胃肠道功能恢复时间为1~3 d;住院时间4~14 d;术后胆漏1例;经腹腔引流治愈;术后胆道残石3例,术后经T管胆道镜下取尽结石。结论腹腔镜联合胆道镜治疗胆管结石安全有效、可靠,损伤小,恢复快,但术者需要掌握熟练的操作技能。     

微创治疗肝硬化患者肝内外胆管结石探讨

目的探讨微创疗法在治疗合并有肝硬化的肝内外胆管结石患者的疗效及应用价值。方法总结2008年1月-2012年12月,行腹腔镜胆道镜引导下钬激光碎石治疗的肝内外胆管结石的患者,根据是否合并有肝硬化,分为两组,其中合并有肝硬化的患者为肝硬化组,患者数目为16例;无合并肝硬化的肝内外胆管结石患者为对照组,患者数目为42例。对于合并有肝硬化的患者进行术前Child-Pugh分级,对于C级的患者进行保肝、消除腹水等综合治疗后,尽量纠正肝功能为B级或A级,然后两组患者均进行腹腔镜胆道镜引导下钬激光碎石治疗,然后比较两组患者的手术资料：手术时间、术中出血量、术中中转开腹的手术例数、住院天数、胆道出血例数、胆瘘的例数、结石残留情况、胆汁性腹膜炎例数及胆管狭窄等指标。结果肝硬化组患者的结石残留明显多于对照组（P〈0.05）,经T管窦道胆道镜取石后均清除干净,此时的残石率无明显区别,两组患者的手术时间、术中出血量、术中中转开腹例数、住院天数、胆道出血、胆瘘、胆汁性腹膜炎及胆管狭窄等指标无显著性意义。结论该微创疗法同样适合于合并有肝硬化的肝内外胆管结石患者。     

Application of helix hydro-jet lithotripsp via electronic choledochoscope the treatment of intrahepatic calculosis clinical research

目的 探讨经电子胆道镜应用螺旋水刀击碎肝内胆管结石的技术方法.方法 回顾性分析2003年3月至2010年6月使用德国ERBE螺旋水刀经日本PENTAX ECN-1530型电子胆道镜治疗肝内胆管结石76例的临床资料.结果 全组应用螺旋水刀经胆道镜碎石,共碎石102次,每次1～1.5h.其中在手术中应用40例,术后应用24例,在术中和术后应用12例.76例百余枚直径0.6～1.5 cm的肝内胆管结石均被成功击碎,无胆管穿孔和大出血等严重并发症发生.结论 螺旋水刀碎石效果好且安全可靠.应用螺旋水刀“击碎技术”和“冲刷技术”,既可碎石,也可“排石”,适合治疗肝内胆管结石.