ADAM33对人肺成纤维细胞增殖、周期、凋亡的影响及IL-4对其表达影响的研究

目的 探讨解整合素-金属蛋白酶33(ADAM33)对人肺成纤维细胞MRC-5增殖、周期、凋亡的影响,以及白介素-4(IL-4)对其表达的影响。方法 分别以1 ng/ml、10 ng/ml、50 ng/ml、100 ng/ml浓度的IL-4刺激MRC-5,以未刺激组细胞为对照,实时荧光定量PCR法检测ADAM33 mRNA的表达情况,Western blotting法检测蛋白表达情况;设计并合成ADAM33-siRNA,瞬时转染MRC-5,MTS法检测增殖情况,流式细胞术检测细胞周期和凋亡。结果 当不同浓度的IL-4刺激MRC-5时,ADAM33 mRNA和蛋白的表达均呈浓度依赖性,1 ng/ml组与0 ng/ml组相比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);10 ng/ml、50ng/ml、100 ng/ml与0 ng/ml组相比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);ADAM33-siRNA明显抑制了ADAM33在MRC-5中的表达;MTS结果显示,在24、48、72 h,干扰组的增殖明显低于阴性对照组,抑制率分别为27.3%、36.6%、19.2%;干扰组S期占的比例(31.69±4.14)%明显低于阴性对照组(47.19±0.99)%(P<0.05);干扰组的细胞凋亡率(28.49±8.79)%明显高于阴性对照组(8.43±5.11)%(P<0.05)。结论 ADAM33可促进人肺成纤维细胞增殖,而细胞因子IL-4可促进其表达,它们可能在气道重塑中起着重要的作用。     

支气管哮喘气道中WISP1表达与气道重塑的关系

目的研究WISP1在大鼠哮喘模型中的表达与气道重塑的关系。方法使用卵清蛋白(OVA)致敏构建大鼠支气管哮喘模型;运用RT-PCR和Western印迹对大鼠肺组织WISP1 mRNA及蛋白表达水平进行测定;使用大鼠气道上皮细胞株RTE细胞,加白介素(IL)-1β、IL-4、IL-13及肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)-α刺激,作用72 h后运用RT-PCR和ELISA检测WISP1 mRNA及蛋白表达水平。结果与正常对照组相比较,哮喘模型肺组织的WISP1基因表达水平升高(P<0.05),观察不同诱导时间点WISP1的表达发现,随时间推移表达呈逐渐增高,12 w时表达最强。用IL-1β、IL-4、IL-13和TNF-α刺激气道上皮细胞后,观察发现WISP1 mRNA和蛋白表达水平与正常对照组相比较均有明显升高(P<0.05),TNF-α刺激气道上皮细胞后WISP1的mRNA和蛋白表达水平升高最为显著(P<0.01)。结论在哮喘模型中WISP1表达升高,WISP1参与了支气管哮喘的发生发展过程,其主要作用可能和气道重塑有关。哮喘气道中WISP1表达上调主要同TNF-α相关,TNF-α通过上调WISP1的表达参与哮喘气道重塑。     

转化生长因子-β在哮喘气道重构中的作用研究进展

转化生长因子-β(TGF-β)是一个结构相关的生长因子大家族的一员,具有广泛调节细胞增殖、分化和凋亡等生物学功能。肺组织中多种细胞如肺泡巨噬细胞和肺纤维原细胞、上皮细胞、内皮细胞和平滑肌细胞均可合成TGF-β。发作期哮喘患者支气管肺泡灌洗液中以及在中度和重度哮喘患者气道黏膜活检标本中,TGF-β为过度表达。TGF-β可加重气道上皮的损害,刺激成纤维细胞、气道平滑肌细胞增殖,通过促进细胞外基质的合成、诱导结缔组织生长因子表达而导致气道上皮下纤维化,在哮喘的气道重构中具有重要的功能,因此针对TGF-β治疗成为防治哮喘气道重构新的研究方向。     

PTEN在支气管哮喘大鼠气道炎症中的作用

目的 探讨PTEN在支气管哮喘(简称哮喘)大鼠气道炎症中的作用.方法 20只SPF级雄性SD大鼠随机分为2组,对照组和哮喘组.以卵清白蛋白致敏激发法复制大鼠哮喘模型,每只大鼠左肺留取肺组织,右肺进行支气管肺泡灌洗并留取支气管肺泡灌洗液(BALF).对BALF进行细胞分类计数;应用双抗体夹心酶联免疫吸附试验(Sandwich ELISA)法测定BALF中IL-4、IL-12浓度;采用免疫组织化学法和Western blot法测定PTEN蛋白的表达和量的变化.结果 ①BALF IL-4的浓度哮喘组显著高于对照组,BALF中IL-12的浓度哮喘组显著低于对照组(P值均＜0.01);②免疫组织化学显示PTEN蛋白主要表达细胞是支气管上皮细胞,Western blot法显示哮喘组支气管PTEN蛋白的表达显著低于对照组(P＜0.01);③支气管上皮细胞PTEN蛋白表达量分别与BALF中的IL-4浓度呈显著负相关,与BALF中的IL-12浓度呈显著正相关.结论 哮喘大鼠PTEN蛋白表达明显减少,它能减少Th2因子的表达,可能与哮喘大鼠气道炎症中Th1/Th2平衡密切相关.     

气道上皮损伤对上皮下成纤维细胞转分化的影响及其在支气管哮喘气道高反应发生中的地位

目的探讨损伤气道上皮对上皮下成纤维细胞活化、转分化为肌纤维母细胞的影响及其在支气管哮喘(简称哮喘)气道高反应中的地位。方法原代培养的人气道上皮下成纤维细胞与经脂多糖(LPS)处理后给予机械划伤的人气道上皮细胞(16HBE)共培养,分别加入内皮素(ET)受体A拮抗剂BQ123、转化生长因子β1(TGF-β1)中和抗体及丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(MAPKs)信号通路特异性抑制剂,应用免疫组化、免疫印迹以及5-溴-2′-脱氧尿苷(BrdU)掺入等方法,检测上皮下成纤维细胞α平滑肌肌动蛋白(α-SMA)的表达与细胞增殖情况;将细胞转染反义内皮素转换酶(anti-ECE)mRNA表达载体并运用酶谱分析法,研究ET-1与基质金属蛋白酶(MMPs)的相互作用。结果损伤上皮诱导并增强了上皮下成纤维细胞α-SMA表达及细胞增殖,同时诱导了上皮下成纤维细胞p38丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(p38MAPK)及细胞外信号调节激酶(ERK1/2)信号通路的活化;BQ123、TGF-β1中和抗体及p38MAPK、ERK1/2抑制剂均分别抑制或部分抑制了α-SMA的表达。与对照(转染空载体)及转染anti-ECEmRNA表达载体上皮细胞比较,转染空载体的上皮细胞损伤后上清液中ET-1分泌[机械划伤+LPS刺激的pEGFPN2转染16HBE组为(15·00±0·86)pg/ml;机械划伤+LPS刺激的anti-ECE转染16HBE组为(7·57±0·94)pg/ml]增加(P均<0·01)。结论损伤上皮通过释放ET-1和(或)TGF-β1诱导了上皮下成纤维细胞向肌纤维母细胞转分化并促进了细胞的增殖,这一过程涉及了MAPKs家族的p38MAPK与ERK1/2信号通路的激活。     

气道上皮损伤与支气管哮喘

支气管哮喘发病过程中 ,多种因素可导致气道上皮损伤。损伤的气道上皮细胞通过细胞因子介质与气道平滑肌细胞、成纤维细胞及炎症细胞间的相互作用 ,参与了气道炎症、气道重塑及气道高反应性的形成 ,成为哮喘发病过程的中心环节     

姜黄素对脂多糖刺激的肾小管近端上皮细胞分泌的相关炎症因子的影响

目的:本研究旨在观察姜黄素对脂多糖(LPS)刺激下的人肾小管近端上皮细胞分泌的单核细胞趋化因子(MCP-1)及白细胞介素8(IL-8)的表达水平变化,并初步探讨其作用机制. 方法:将肾小管上皮细胞(HK-2细胞)培养于KSF培养液中,设正常对照组给予正常培养液,LPS刺激组(1 ng/ml,100 ng/ml和10μg/ml),姜黄素干预组(LPS 100 ng/ml+姜黄素5 μM或50μM),分别培养4～24h后收集细胞,应用Real-time PCR检测各组细胞MCP.-及IL-8的表达.ELISA检测细胞培养上清液中MCP-1及IL-8的表达. 结果:在不同浓度的LPS刺激HK-2细胞24h后即可明显升高MCP-1及IL-8的mRNA表达水平,随着LPS浓度(1 ng/ml,100 ng/ml和10 μg/ml)增加,MCP-1 mRNA表达分别上升为对照组的1.74、2.15和14.7倍(P<0.01);IL-8 mRNA表达上升为对照组的2.74、5.4和16.45倍(P<0.01).而以100 ng/ml的LPS刺激HK-2细胞4～24h,观察姜黄素的干预作用,可见不同浓度的姜黄素(5μM和50 μM)均可显著抑制LPS所诱导的HK-2细胞MCP-1及IL-8 mRNA的表达,且以50μM姜黄素干预组为明显.同时ELISA检测细胞上清液中MCP-1蛋白水平,可见5μM姜黄素组在24h时较相应对照组下降9.5%(P<0.05),而50 μM姜黄素组在8h时即较相应对照组下降19.5%(P<0.01).而在4h和12h时,5μM的姜黄素干预组较相应对照组IL-8的表达下降的11..2%(P<0.05)和7.58%(P<0.01),在50 μM姜黄素干预组则为32.90%和18.79%(P<0.01). 结论:姜黄素可抑制LPS所诱导的肾小管上皮细胞MCP-1及IL-8的表达,提示姜黄素在肾脏炎症过程中具有抑制肾小管上皮细胞炎症因子分泌及潜在抗纤维化作用.     

诱导型一氧化氮合酶参与白细胞介素-1β对人心脏成纤维细胞基质金属蛋白酶-2作用的实验研究

目的 观察白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)对人心脏成纤维细胞基质金属蛋白酶-2(MMP-2)的作用及相关机制.方法 将3～6代人心脏成纤维细胞接种于6孔培养板内接受各种干预措施.待实验细胞接受刺激12 h后,用RT-PCR法观察MMP-2的mRNA表达量.细胞接受各种刺激24 h后,收集细胞总蛋白和培养上清,通过凝胶酶谱法进行上清MMP-2的活性检测,采用Western blot法测定细胞诱导型一氧化氮合酶(iNOS)蛋白的表达,采用Griess法衡量细胞上清中一氧化氮(NO)水平.结果 IL-1B作用人心脏成纤维细胞24 h后,促进了细胞MMP-2的活性增加,其中4 ng/ml的IL-1β刺激作用达到高峰,与对照组相比活性增加了(170.24±13.12)%(P＜0.01),并且该浓度IL-1β能时间依赖性地促进心脏成纤维细胞MMP-2的活性增加.IL-1β作用心脏成纤维细胞12 h后,与正常对照组相比4 ng/ml和10 ng/ml IL-β组MMP-2 mRNA表达明显增加(P＜0.01).IL-1β(4 ng/ml)可以明显促进细胞NO水平升高(P＜0.01),而NOS抑制剂NG-甲基-L-精氨酸(10-3 mol/L)显著抑制了IL-1β诱导的MMP-2 mRNA表达(P＜0.01)、MMP-2活性(P＜0.01)以及NO水平的升高(P＜0.01).通过Western blot发现在生理水平的心脏成纤维细胞上未能检测到iNOS蛋白的表达,而不同浓度的IL-1β明显促进了细胞iNOS的蛋白水平的升高.结论 IL-1β能促进人心脏成纤维细胞MMP-2的mRNA表达和活性,并提示其作用与细胞iNOS-NO水平有关.     

肌成纤维细胞在支气管哮喘气道结构重塑中的作用

肌成纤维细胞兼具成纤维细胞和平滑肌细胞的某些特征,来源于局部细胞的增殖,其他细胞的转化及循环中前体细胞的定植,在疤痕形成、肺纤维化等病理过程中发挥重要作用.研究显示其受支气管哮喘相关炎症因子及介质的调控,通过分泌细胞外基质及迁移功能而参与支气管哮喘气道重塑.深入了解肌成纤维细胞在支气管哮喘气道重塑中的作用有助于建立防治...     

低分子肝素对哮喘小鼠气道黏液高分泌和炎症反应的影响

目的探讨低分子肝素对哮喘小鼠气道黏液高分泌和炎症反应的影响。方法 30只健康雄性C57BL/6小鼠,按随机数字表法分为正常对照组、哮喘组和低分子肝素干预组,每组10只,检测三组小鼠气道上皮细胞黏液分泌量、气道内炎症细胞浸润、黏蛋白基因MUC5AC的表达、细胞因子IL-13、IL-4和IL-5的表达。结果 (1)哮喘小鼠气道黏液细胞化生、黏液过度分泌,气道内炎症细胞浸润增多,经鼻腔滴入低分子肝素后,黏液过度分泌受抑制,气道内炎症细胞浸润减少。(2)哮喘组小鼠气道黏液细胞MUC5AC mRNA相对表达量(26.43±0.47)及气道内炎症因子IL-13[(16.03±0.53)ng/ml]、IL-4[(603.68±50.32)pg/ml]和IL-5[(1308.80±224.84)pg/ml]表达的水平均高于正常组[(1.17±0.18)ng/ml、(17.56±3.01)pg/ml和(33.09±5.92)pg/ml];经鼻腔滴入低分子肝素后,上述指标[16.26±2.07,(11.50±0.89)ng/ml,(409.56±46.25)pg/ml,(874.65±32.833)pg/ml]均下降,P0.05,差异有统计学意义。结论低分子肝素抑制哮喘小鼠气道黏液高分泌和气道炎症反应。经鼻滴入的低分子肝素可能为哮喘过敏性炎症的治疗提供新的方法。     

Bidirectional roles of IL-22 in the pathogenesis of allergic airway inflammation

Asthma is the most prevalent allergic disease of the airway, which is characterized by eosinophilic inflammation, mucus hyperproduction, and airway hyper-responsiveness. Although these pathognomonic features are mainly mediated by antigen-specific Th2 cells and their cytokines, such as IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13, recent studies have revealed that other inflammatory cells, including Th17 cells and innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), also play a critical role in the pathogenesis of asthma. IL-22, one of the cytokines produced by Th17 cells and type 3 ILCs, has distinct functional properties, as IL-22 exclusively acts on non-hematopoietic cells including epithelial cells of mucosal surface and exhibits a broad range of action in regeneration and host protection. In accordance with the fact that lung epithelial cells play a critical role in the pathogenesis of asthma, we and other groups have shown that IL-22 is involved in the regulation of allergic airway inflammation. In this review, we discuss recent advances in the biology of IL-22 and its involvement in the pathogenesis of allergic airway inflammation.     

Nitric oxide expression in airway epithelial cells in response to tubercle bacilli stimulation

Abstract In order to investigate the role of airway epithelial cells in pulmonary tuberculosis, inducible nitric oxide synthetase (iNOS) expression and nitric oxide (NO) production were studied in A549 cells. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from normal volunteers were separated and cultured for 24h with LPS or tubercle bacilli (H37Rv, H37Ra). Thereafter, A549 cells were stimulated for another 24h with culture supernatant fluids of PBMC. iNOS messenger RNA (mRNA) expression was measured with Northern blot analysis and NO production was measured with the Griess reaction, which can measure nitrite concentration. iNOS mRNA expression and NO production were minimal in the control cells. iNOS mRNA expression and NO production were significantly increased with LPS ( P < 0.05) or tubercle bacilli ( P < 0.01) stimulation. However, there was no difference in iNOS mRNA expression and NO production between H37Rv and H37Ra stimulations. Interestingly, iNOS mRNA expression and NO production were greater in A549 cells stimulated with tubercle bacilli-conditioned media than in the cells stimulated with LPS-conditioned media. IL-1β, tumour necrosis factor-alpha and interferon gamma concentrations were increased in culture supernatant fluids of PBMC stimulated with tubercle bacilli. These findings suggest that airway epithelial cells may play a certain role in the pathogenesis of pulmonary tuberculosis by producing NO. However, the role of airway epithelial cells, regarding the virulence of tubercle bacilli, was not clear in this study.     

Th22细胞因子协同促进小鼠输卵管上皮细胞抗沙眼衣原体感染体外研究

目的体外研究Th22细胞因子(IL-22、TNF-α)在小鼠输卵管上皮细胞抵抗沙眼衣原体感染过程中的作用。方法体外培养Th22细胞,ELISA检测Th22上清中细胞因子含量及其对体外培养的小鼠输卵管上皮细胞(MOECs)表达Th1趋化因子、抗菌肽的影响;Transwell实验检测MOECs上清对Th1细胞的趋化能力;分别用免疫荧光法、PCR及7-乙氧基试卤灵(7-ethoxyresrufin, 7-ER)法检测Th22上清对输卵管上皮细胞抑制Chlamydia trichomatis (Ct)能力、促进胰岛再生源蛋白3g(regenerating islet-derived protein-3g,Reg3g) Reg3g表达及细胞活性的影响。结果Th22细胞以分泌IL-22、TNF-α为主。Th22上清可诱导MOECs表达Th1细胞趋化因子CXCL9/10/11及抗菌肽mBD-2表达,活化MOECs对Th1细胞具有趋化作用并抑制Ct生长。同时,Th22上清可促进MOECs Reg3g表达及增强其活性。结论Th22细胞因子能增强MOECs介导的天然免疫功能,促进其损伤修复,在Ct及其它性传播疾病中可能发挥重要作用。     

Serum Levels of IL-10 and IL-22 Cytokines in Patients with Psoriasis

Background: As a chronic inflammatory condition, psoriasis results from an interaction between genetic and immunologic factors in a predisposing environment. In spite of compelling evidence for the role of T cells and cytokines in psoriasis, interleukin (IL)- 10 and IL-22 have not been sufficiently investigated. Objective: To assess the serum levels of IL-10 and IL-22 in patients with psoriasis compared to healthy controls. Methods: A total of 28 patients with psoriasis were compared with 28 age and sexmatched healthy subjects. Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) criteria were used to measure the severity of the disease. Serum levels of IL-10 and IL-22 were measured in both groups and compared. Results: The mean serum level of IL-10 was 89.5±18.7 in patients compared to 117.2±23.4 pg/ml in the controls (p=0.36). Also, serum level of IL-22 was 284.1±49.7 in patients versus 425.4±82.8 pg/ml in control group (p=0.17). There was a significant direct correlation between levels of IL-10 and IL-22 in patients group (p=0.0005). The clinical severity of psoriasis was significantly correlated with high levels of IL-22 (p<0.0001).Conclusions: The decreased levels of IL-10 in psoriatic patients and direct correlation between higher levels of IL-22 and disease severity support the clinical implication of both cytokines in psoriasis.     

siRNA沉默USP22基因对胃癌细胞增殖的抑制作用

目的:探讨小干扰RNA(siRNA)沉默泛素特异性肽酶22(ubiquitin specific peptidase22,USP22)对胃癌细胞增殖的影响.方法:针对USP22基因设计3条siRNA及阴性siRNA,用脂质体Lipofectamine 2000转染胃癌AGS细胞,通过实时定量PCR和Western blot检测转染后AGS细胞USP22基因中mRNA和蛋白表达水平的变化情况,流式细胞术检测细胞周期分布变化情况,CCK8法检测细胞增殖率及抑制率.结果:转染48h后,3条siRNA均能显著抑制USP22 mRNA和蛋白的表达.其中,以转染USP22 siRNA3后效果最明显,mRNA和蛋白表达分别下降80.47%±2.99%和79.40%±3.58%.细胞增殖明显受到抑制,USP22 siR-NA3组细胞增殖抑制率为27.33%±3.49%.细胞周期中G0/G1期细胞增多,S期细胞减少.结论:采用RNA干扰技术能够有效地沉默USP22基因的表达,并显著抑制胃癌细胞的增殖.     

Anti-nerve growth factor antibody improves airway hyperresponsiveness by down-regulating RhoA

Background: The pathogenesis of asthma is complex and continues to be considered as a challenging subject. Some studies have shown that nerve growth factor (NGF) participates in the pathogenesis of asthma, but the mechanism of airway contraction caused by NGF is still unclear. Objective: Our aim was to discuss the effect of anti-NGF antibody on RhoA expression, and further explore the role of NGF in airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR). Methods: Thirty female BALB/c mice were divided into three groups randomly: control group (group C, n = 10), asthma group (group A, n = 10) and anti-NGF antibody intervention group (group N, n = 10). The asthmatic mice were stimulated by OVA suspension, the intervention mice were given nasal instillation of anti-NGF antibody before the stimulation. Airway responsiveness, eosinophils, IL-13, IFN-γ were measured. The protein expression and mRNA level of NGF and RhoA were detected by immunohistochemical and Real Time-PCR (RT-PCR) analyses. Results: Airway responsiveness, eosinophils and IL-13 levels in group A were significantly increased compare with the other groups, and significantly decreased in group N than those in group A. IFN-γ level was significantly reduced in group A and increased in group N. Immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR analyses showed that the protein expression and mRNA level of NGF and RhoA were significantly increased in group A and significantly decreased in group N. Conclusion: NGF participates in the pathogenesis of asthma in mice. Anti-NGF antibody can inhibit airway inflammation and alleviate AHR by down-regulating the protein expression and mRNA level of RhoA.     

Expression of Interleukin (IL)-10, IL-17A and IL-22 in Serum and Sputum of Stable Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Patients

Abstract

Interleukin (IL)-17A, IL-22 and IL-10 have been implicated in the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), but their expression in COPD is uncertain. Here we investigate the expression of IL-17A, IL-22 and IL-10 in the serum and sputum of COPD patients. Blood samples and induced sputum samples were collected from 94 patients with COPD, 23 healthy smokers, and 22 healthy control non-smokers. IL-17A, IL-22 and IL-10 were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). We found that: 1) serum and sputum IL-17A were higher in COPD compared to healthy smokers and non-smokers; 2) serum IL-17A increased with COPD stages, it was inversely correlated with percentage of forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV₁%) reference and positively correlated with C-reactive protein (CRP), Sputum IL-17A levels in the severe COPD patients were positively correlated with sputum neutrophils, and reversely correlated with sputum macraphages (p < 0.01); 3) serum and sputum IL-22 were significantly higher in COPD and healthy smokers than those in the non-smoker group, sputum IL-22 was similar in severe COPD (stage III and IV), which were higher than those in the other groups (p < 0.05); and, 4) serum and sputum IL-10 were similiar in COPD and healthy smokers, which were decreased compared to non-smokers. These data suggest that the increased level of IL-17A in serum and sputum plays important roles in the pathogenesis of COPD. The increased sputum IL-22 might also play important roles in the pathogenesis of COPD, while IL-10 secretion might be not only affected by COPD but also by cigarette smoke.     

Interleukin-1β increases airway epithelial cell mitogenesis partly by stimulating endothelin-1 production

To investigate the influence of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) on airway epithelial cell growth, we measured [³H]thymidine incorporation and cell numbers of cultured porcine tracheal epithelial cells in the presence or absence of human recombinant IL-1β with or without the following: goat antiporcine polyclonal antibody to platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF); IL-1 receptor antagonist; indomethacin; PD-145065, a combined endothelin-A and -B receptor antagonist; BQ-123, an antagonist selective for endothelin-A receptors; or phosphoramidon, an inhibitor, in part, of endothelin-converting enzymes, including neutral endopeptidase. We found that IL-1β stimulated the proliferation of airway epithelial cells, and this response was inhibited by the IL-1 receptor antagonist and by PD-145065 or BQ-123. However, neither indomethacin nor PDGF antibody was influential. The endothelin receptor antagonists also decreased basal thymidine incorporation by these cells as did phosphormidon, although to a lesser degree. Data from radioimmunoassays indicated that phosphormidon reduced the endogenous production of endothelin-1 from the cells, and IL-1β clearly increased it over time. We conclude that IL-1β is a stimulant of airway epithelial cell growth, and its mitogenic effects are mediated, in part, by endogenous endothelin-1 production. Accepted for publication: 11 July 1996