共沸蒸馏法制备氧化铟粉体及性能研究

采用共沸蒸馏法制备了氧化铟粉体，利用TEM观察了氧化铟粉体的形貌和分布，测试了粉体的电化学性能，探讨了共沸蒸馏工艺防止粉体硬团聚的机理。结果表明：共沸蒸馏工艺能防止粉体的硬团聚现象的形成，最终得到分布均匀，颗粒尺寸小，形状均一的纳米级超细粉体，所制粉体的电化学性能优异；共沸蒸馏工艺防止粉体硬团聚是通过脱除胶体中的水钩，用丁氧基取代颗粒表面羟基，来消除In-O-In化学键的形成实现的。     

共沸蒸馏制备超细氧化铝粉

采用共沸蒸馏工艺成功地制备了超细氧化铝粉,通过共沸蒸馏能有效地消除粉末的硬团聚。本文还系统地分析了粉末硬团聚形成的机理,从而制得了粒径d_(50)为0.47μm的超细氧化铝粉。     

硬脂酸溶胶凝胶法-共沸蒸馏法制备钙钛矿型纳米LaCoO3

用硬脂酸溶胶凝胶-共沸蒸馏法制备了纳米LaCoO3,用差热-热重、 透射电镜及红外等手段对粉体进行了表征,并对配合物溶胶-共沸蒸馏脱水的干燥机制进行了探讨.实验结果表明:硬脂酸溶胶凝胶法制备纳米粉体时,配合物溶胶的干燥脱水是不可缺少的一步.共沸蒸馏所用的溶剂苯是通过物理吸附作用替代了配合物溶胶中的水,其机理是靠降低粒子间毛细管力来减少聚集作用的,从而防止了干燥及后续煅烧阶段的粉体团聚.     

微乳液法制备纳米二氧化硅粉末

采用微乳液法制备了高比表面积纳米SiO2粉末,考察了微乳液体系的配制、反应物浓度、反应温度、焙烧温度、共沸蒸馏脱水工艺对纳米SiO2性能的影响。并通过氮气吸附法(BET)、透射电镜(TEM)、红外光谱分析(IR)、X射线衍射(XRD)等方法对样品进行了表征。研究结果表明,制备粉末的工艺参数对样品性能影响较大,在较佳工艺条件下制备的纳米SiO2粉末近似呈球形,粒径为15-35nm,比表面积达580-630m2／g。共沸蒸馏工艺能完全脱去凝胶中残余的水分,防止因含水胶体干燥引起的粉末硬团聚,从而提高粉末的比表面积。     

微乳法制备生物医用氧化锆纳米粉体

以可溶性锆盐溶液-环己烷-聚乙二醇辛基苯醚-正戊醇体系的微乳液反应为基础,以氨水为沉淀剂,在微乳液中发生化学反应产生凝胶状沉淀,经洗涤、焙烧得到超细分散的ZrO_2纳米粒子。在微乳液法的基础上开发一种新的脱水工艺——共沸蒸馏制备了纳米ZrO_2粉末。采用比表面积(BET)、透射电镜(TEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)等方法对样品进行了形态表征和物相分析,结果表明:所得ZrO_2纳米粉末尺寸可控制在小于40 nm的范围内,并具有良好的分散性。共沸蒸馏能充分脱去凝胶中残余的水分,防止因含水胶体干燥过程引起的粉末硬团聚,从而提高了粉末的性能。     

干燥技术在制备纳米氧化物中的应用

由于纳米粒子的表面效应,用化学沉淀法制备出的纳米氧化物的前驱体在干燥过程中易形成团聚,不易采用传统的加热方法干燥.根据干燥的理论,阐述了烘箱干燥、微波干燥、临界干燥、冷冻干燥、共沸蒸馏法、喷雾干燥法等在制备纳米氧化物中的应用.     

共沸蒸馏法制备W-ZrO_2复合粉末的相变过程及微观结构表征

以(NH4)6H2W12O40·xH2O(偏钨酸铵)和Zr(NO3)4·3H2O(硝酸锆)为原料,并以CH_3CH_2OH(乙醇)和CH_3CH_2CH_2CH_2OH(正丁醇)为分散剂,采用共沸蒸馏法制备出W-2%ZrO_2复合粉末,利用XRD、SEM、EDS、TEM等检测手段对粉末制备过程中不同阶段产物的物相、形貌及微观结构进行了分析与表征。结果表明:在共沸蒸馏过程中,(NH4)6H2W12O40·xH_2O与Zr(NO3)4·3H2O发生共沉淀反应,生成WO3·mH2O和Zr(WO4)2·nH_2O复合络合物。这种复合络合物较蒸发结晶法所制备的前驱体粉末具有更好的分散性且无硬团聚,经750℃煅烧后转变为由m-ZrO_2和WO_3组成的复合氧化物粉末;再经两段还原(一段还原温度750℃,二段还原温度800℃,还原时间均为2h)后,复合粉末中仍存在WO_2包覆ZrO_2的颗粒,其结构为椭圆形蠕虫状,粒径为15~20nm。当二段还原温度提高到900℃后,复合氧化物粉末完全转化为具有多面体球形和方形结构的W-ZrO_2复合粉末。     

SiO2气凝胶的溶胶-凝胶/共沸蒸馏法制备及表征

以工业水玻璃为硅源,采用溶胶-凝胶和共沸蒸馏的方法在常压下制备SiO2气凝胶,研究制备条件对SiO2气凝胶性能的影响.结果表明,当溶液体系的pH值为4.5,添加2 mL甲酰胺作为干燥控制化学添加剂(DCCA),并以正丁醇与凝胶中的水为共沸蒸发介质时,所制备的SiO2气凝胶具有典型的气凝胶结构特征,经分析SiO2气凝胶的密度、比表面积、孔容及孔径分布分别为0.19 g/cm3、689 m2/g、2.1 mL/g和8.0 nm.通过X射线衍射(XRD)和冷场发射扫描电镜(FESEM)对SiO2气凝胶的形貌和微观结构进行表征,SiO2气凝胶呈非晶态,其颗粒尺寸分布在100 nm左右.红外光谱(FTIR)证实了SiO2凝胶的形成.     

从硬锌中真空蒸馏回收锌铟

采用真空蒸馏法从硬锌中分离锌和铟、锗,考察蒸馏温度和时间对蒸馏率、富集比、以及冷凝物的成分的影响。结果表明,最佳蒸馏条件为:蒸馏温度(900±20)℃,时间60min,真空压力≤1 000Pa,残压≤800Pa。     

镁热还原蒸馏联合法生产海绵钛——大型设备装备水平的改进

重点对钛产业链中镁法还原、蒸馏联合法生产海绵钛的关键设备——倒U型大型还原蒸馏联合装置提出了一些改进措施。其中为解决还原、蒸馏周期长和产品致密化(硬心)问题,介绍和论述了两项职务发明专利技术——反应器内部热交换和加料联合装置以及蒸馏-冷凝连接过道的高温阀门装置。     

China's Major Non-ferrous Metals Imports & Exports

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Zinc Production by Province in 2014

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80% of Chinese Firms Purchasing Overseas Mines Ended up in the Red

<正>Minmetals Resources acquired the world’s largest copper mine under construction for USD5.85 billion.One after another,listed companies Jien Nickle,China Molybdenum and Chihong Zinc and Germanium raised money to get involved in overseas mining projects…SOEs and private enterprises are engaged in a frenzy of overseas mine purchasing.A reporter with Economic     

Copper Processing Profit Dropped Sharply,Copper Consumption Will Face Impact in the Second Half of the Year

正Judging from China’s copper consumption field,the biggest consumption unit is electric power,which accounts for 47%of total consumption;it is followed by light industry sector,including household electrical appliance,machinery,durable goods and hardware etc,which accounts for 22%of total consumption;followed by transportation field,     

Central Geological Prospecting Fund Newly Added 16.47 Million Tonnes of Bauxite in 2013

正In 2013,the Central Geological Prospecting Fund(CGPF)Project newly discovered 15 ore fields,including 3 large above ore fields,and 5medium sized ore fields.The reporter learned from the recently published"Annual Report of Central Geological Prospecting Fund Project(2013)"that,from 2006 to 2013 the CGPF     

Manufacturers of Copper Tube for Central Air Conditioner Use Face Mounting Pressure in the Final Quarter of the Year

正This year,the investment growth rate of real estate industry continued to slow down,sold area of commercial housing also dropped significantly,which brought huge pressure to the domestic air conditioning manufactures.In the first half of the year,by relying on high growth in national financial expenditure,along with investment in public infrastructure     

Xinjiang Ranks No.1 in Production of Primary Aluminum in China

正Kang Yi,Honorary Chairman of China Nonferrous Metals Industry Association,said recently at the Forum on Development of the Non-ferrous Metals Industry in Central and Western China held in Zhengzhou that,as more and more electrolytic aluminum factories in Xinjiang came into operation,the electrolytic aluminum output of Xinjiang had reached2,275,000 tons in the first 7 months this year,     

Shenhuo Coal Industry and Electricity Power Completed800,000 t/a Aluminum Project in Xinjiang

正"Xinjiang project has been completed according to schedule,but total completion and total start of production are two different concepts,after completion it still needs a gradual process of reaching production target."On the morning of November 3,Shenhuo Coal Industry and Electricity Power told investors the above statement on the investor interaction platform.     

Guangdong Metal Transaction Center has Become the Second Largest Precious Metal Transaction Platform Nationwide

正The reporter learned from Guangdong Province Precious Metal Transaction Center that in 2013the Center maintained healthy development momentum,and had become the second largest precious metal transaction platform in China in terms of market size;currently Guangdong is quickening steps of financial innovation for the Center,aiming to build a transaction center with international core competitiveness.     

Seven Rare Earth Projects Involving Close to 3 Billion Yuan Investment Landed In the HighTech Zone

正On May 22,Baotou Rare Earth Industry Cooperation Consultation MeetingProject Agreement-signing Ceremony was held in Ningbo,nearly 40 enterprises from Ningbo,Guangdong,Hunan,and Shanxi participated in project consultation.After multi-lateral communication,agreements were signed for a total of 7 rare earth projects successfully.