合欢皮中一个新的三萜皂甙

从合欢皮的乙醇提取物中用色谱法分离得到1个三糖链三萜皂甙（1）,其21位侧链含有较为少见的木糖。经化学和波谱分析,将皂甙1的结构鉴定为3－O－[β-D-吡喃木糖基-(1→2)-β-D-吡喃呋糖基－（1→6)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基]-21-O-{(6S)-2-反式－2－羟甲基－6－甲基－6－O－[4-O-(6R)-2-反式－2,6－二甲基－6－O－β-D-吡喃木糖基）－2,7－辛二烯酰基]－β-D-吡喃鸡纳糖基]-2,7-辛二烯酰基}-金合欢酸－28－O－β－D－吡喃葡萄糖基－（1→3)-[α-L-呋喃阿拉伯糖基－（1→4)]-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖基－（1→2)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基酯,为一新化合物,命名为合欢皂甙J23（1）。     

A pair of isomeric saponins with cytotoxicity from Albizzia julibrissin

Two new saponins have been isolated from the stem barks of Albizzia julibrissin Durazz, and their structures identified as 3-O-[beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1 --> 2)-beta-D-fucopyranosyl-(1 --> 6)-beta-D-2-deoxy-2-acetoamidoglucopyranosyl]-21-O-{(6S)-2-trans-2-hydroxymethyl-6-methyl-6-O-[4-O-((6S)-2-trans-2-hydroxymethyl-6-hydroxy-6-methyl-2,7-octadienoyl)-beta-D-quinovopyranosyl]-2,7-octadienoyl}-acacic acid-28-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 --> 3)-[alpha-L-arabinofuranosyl-(1 --> 4)]-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 --> 2)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl ester (1) and 3-O-[beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1 --> 2)-beta-D-fucopyranosyl-(1 --> 6)-beta-D-2-deoxy-2-acetoamidoglucopyranosyl]-21-O-{(6S)-2-trans-2-hydroxymethyl-6-methyl-6-O-[3-O-((6S)-2-trans-2-hydroxymethyl-6-hydroxy-6-methyl-2,7-octadienoyl)-beta-D-quinovopyranosyl]-2,7-octadienoyl}acacic acid 28-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 --> 3)-[alpha-L-arabinofuranosyl-(1 --> 4)]-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 --> 2)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl ester (2), based on chemical and spectral evidences, named as julibroside J19 and julibroside J18, respectively. Both compounds show significant inhibition action against HeLa, Bel-7402 and MDA-MB-435 cancer cell lines in vitro.     

Three new triterpenoid saponins from Albizia julibrissin

Three new triterpenoid saponins, julibrosides A₅–A₇ (1–3), together with five known saponins (4–8), were isolated from the stem bark of Albizia julibrissin. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic data analysis of MS, 1D and 2D NMR, and chemical methods. Compounds 7 and 8 were isolated from the genus Albizia for the first time. The new compounds showed no cytotoxicity and anti-inflammatory activity.     

合欢皮皂苷物质的分离、纯化及其抗血管活性的研究

目的 分离合欢皮中的皂苷物质,并评价其对人脐静脉内皮细胞(EA.hy926)增殖的影响.方法 以细胞活性为指标,依次采用D101大孔树脂、硅胶柱、反相C18色谱柱从合欢皮正丁醇相中分离得到活性组分H5;采用UPLC-TOF-MS分析,确定此组分中所含的主要成分.结果 组分H5中主要皂苷类物质为julibroside J5、julibroside J8、isomer of J5和isomer of J8,总含量为79.15％,且对EA.hy926细胞的增殖具有抑制作用(IC50=7.82 ±1.59 μg·mL-1).结论 成功分离得到了具有抗血管新生作用的合欢皮皂苷物质.     

Two new triterpenoid saponins from ginseng medicinal fungal substance

Two new dammarane-type triterpenoid saponins, namely ginsenosides Rb₄ (1) and Rb₅ (2), were isolated from ginseng medicinal fungal substance. The structures of 1 and 2 were established as 3β,12β,20(S)-trihydroxydammar-24(25)-ene-3-O-[α-d-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)-β-d-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-d-glucopyranosyl]-20-O-β-d-glucopyranoside and 3β,12β,20(S)-trihydroxydammar-24(25)-ene-3-O-[α-d-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)-α-d-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)-β-d-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-d-glucopyranosyl]-20-O-β-d-glucopyranoside on the basis of spectroscopic analysis and chemical analysis, respectively.     

Two new dammarane-type triterpenoid saponins from notoginseng medicinal fungal substance

Two new dammarane-type triterpenoid saponins, namely ginsenoside Rk₆ (1) and ginsenoside-Rh₂₂ (2), were isolated from notoginseng medicinal fungal substance. The structures of 1 and 2 were established as 3β,6α,12β,26-tetrahydroxydammar-20(21),24(25)(E)-diene-6-O-β-D-glucopyranoside and 3β,6α, 20(S)-trihydroxy-12(R),23(R)-expoxy-13(S),17(S)-dammar-24-ene-6-O-β-D-glucopyranoside on the basis of spectroscopic analysis and chemical analysis, respectively.     

Structure-activity relationship of triterpenoids isolated from Mitragyna stipulosa on cytotoxicity

Chromatographic separation of the stem bark extract of Mitragyna stipulosa afforded triterpene derivatives ursolic acid (1), quinovic acid (2), quinivic acid 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (3, quinovin glycoside C), quinovic acid 3-O-[(2-O-sulfo)-beta-D-quinovopyranoside] (4, zygophyloside D) and quinovic acid 3-O-beta-D-quinovopyranosyl-27-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl ester (5, zygophyloside B). These five compounds were subjected to the cytotoxicity on MTT assay system. Compound 1 among tested showed the most potent cytotoxicity. Quinovic acid showed less potent cytotoxicity than ursolic acid and sugar linkages to 2 decreased the cytotoxicity. Compound 4 more potent than 3 with indicate that the sulfonyl group significantly enhances the activity. This indicates that the glycosidic linkage in ursane-type triterpenoids has mainly negative effect on cytotoxicity unlike in oleanane-type glycosides.     

Two new dammarane-type triterpene saponins from red American ginseng

Two new dammarane-type triterpene saponins were isolated from the red American ginseng. The new saponins were named as pseudoginsenoside G₁ (1) and pseudoginsenoside G₂ (2). Their structures were elucidated by the combined analysis of NMR and mass spectrometry as 3-O-[β-d-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 2)-β-d-glucopyranosyl]-dammar-12-one-20S,24R-epoxy-3β,25-diol (pseudoginsenoside G₁) (1) and 3-O-[β-d-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 2)-β-d-glucopyranosyl]-dammar-12-one-20S,24S-epoxy-3β,25-diol (pseudoginsenoside G₂) (2).     

Rapid profiling and identification of triterpenoid saponins in crude extracts from Albizia julibrissin Durazz. by ultra high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry

Ultra high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC/ESI-Q-TOF-MS/MS) was applied to separate and identify triterpenoid saponins in crude extract from the stem bark of Albizia julibrissin Durazz. The molecular weights were determined by comparing quasi-molecular ions [M+NH(4)](+) in positive mode and [M-H](-) and [M-2H](2-) ions in negative mode. The MS/MS spectra of the [M-H](-) ions for saponins provided a wealth of structural information related to aglycone skeletons, sugar types and linked sequence. On the basis of the fragmentation behavior of known saponins isolated before, saponins from this plant were identified, even though references were not available. As a result, a total of twenty-eight saponins in the crude extract were identified, which all had a common basic skeleton of the triterpene oleanolic acid and eight of them were new compounds.     

Isolation of flavonoids and a cerebroside from the stem bark of<Emphasis Type="Italic">Albizzia julibrissin</Emphasis>

From the EtOAc fraction of the MeOH extract of Albizzia julibrissin (Leguminosae), a rare 5-deoxyflavone (geraldone, 1), isookanin (2), luteolin (3), an isoflavone (daidzein, 4), five prenylated flavonoids [sophoflavescenol (5), kurarinone (6), kurarinol (7), kuraridin (8) and kuraridinol (9)], a cerebroside (soya-cerebroside I, 10), and (-)-syringaresinol-4-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (11) were isolated and characterized on the basis of spectral data. Compounds 2, 3, and 11, showed 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity.     

Triterpenoid Saponins from Leaves and Stems of Panax Quinquefolium L

Abstract

In the chemical investigation on the saponin composition of leaves and stems of Panax quinquefolium L., two new minor dammarane saponins, quinquenoside L₁ (1) and L₂ (2) have been isolated. By means of physico-chemical evidences and spectral analysis their structures were established as 3-O-[β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-2)-β-D-glucopyranosyl]-20-O-β-D-glucopyranosy-dammara-23,25-diene-3β, 12β, 20(S)-triol (1) and 3-O-[β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-2)-β-D-glucopyranosyl]-20-O-β-D-D-glucopyranosyl-(24Z)-dammar-24-ene-3β, 12β, 20(S), 26-tetraol (2).     

中国产山茶种子中总皂苷的分离与鉴定

目的 研究中国产山茶（Camellia sinensis）种子中皂苷类化学成分。方法 采用反复制备HPLC法分离纯化,通过理化常数测定和光谱分析鉴定其化学结构。结果 从中国产山茶种子中分离得到了7个茶皂苷类化合物,即茶叶皂苷I foliatheasaponinⅠ(1),阿萨姆皂苷A assamsaponin A （2）,阿萨姆皂苷B assamsaponin B（3）,阿萨姆皂苷C assamsaponin C（4）,阿萨姆皂苷D assamsaponin D（5）,阿萨姆皂苷F assamsaponin F（6）,阿萨姆皂苷I assamsaponin I（7）。结论 化合物1为首次从茶种子中分离得到。对中国产山茶种子化学成分的研究尚属首次。     

Mutations on the N-terminal region abolish differentially the enzymatic activity, membrane-damaging activity and cytotoxicity of Taiwan cobra phospholipase A2.

To examine the functional contribution of the N-terminal region to the activities of Naja naja atra phospholipase A(2) (PLA(2)), studies on three N-terminally mutated PLA(2) were carried out in the present work. Removal of N-terminal heptapeptide caused a complete loss of membrane-damaging activity, whilst the mutants with an extra Met before Asn-1 or substituting Asn-1 with Met still retained approximately 40.9% and 82.9% membrane-damaging activity of the native enzyme, respectively. Mutations on the N-terminal region did not greatly affect the Ca(2+)-binding ability but caused a precipitous drop in PLA(2) activity. Moreover, the gross conformation of the mutants was different from that of the native enzyme as revealed by CD spectra. Nevertheless, the mutants as well as native PLA(2) induced apoptotic death of U937 cells, and the cytotoxicity of mutants was similar to or even greater than that of the native PLA(2). These results indicate that mutations on the N-terminus abolish the enzymatic activity, membrane-damaging activity and cytotoxicity of N. naja atra PLA(2) in different ways, and suggest a feasible approach to selective elimination of the multiple activities of PLA(2) enzymes.     

RP-HPLC法测定重楼中甾体皂甙的含量

为寻找和合理利用植物资源及控制生药质量,用RP-HPLC法分离并测定了重楼中9种甾体皂甙,其中4种为偏诺皂甙元的糖甙,5种为薯芋皂甙元的糖甙。分析柱为C₈(4.6mm×250mm),乙腈—水(42∶58)为流动相,检测波长203nm,9种甾体皂甙峰与其相邻峰能达基线分离,且线性良好,γ=0.9996～0.9999,回收率97.1%～100.2%。本法简便、快速、灵敏。用此法对不同产地重楼中9种甾体皂甙类化合物进行了分析,结果提示不同产地重楼中各成分含量差异较大。     

Cytotoxic triterpenoid saponins from the defatted seeds of Camellia oleifera Abel

Five new oleanane-type triterpenoid saponins, oleiferasaponins D₁–D₅ (1–5), were isolated from the defatted seeds of Camellia oleifera Abel. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic and chemical methods. The cytotoxic activities of compounds 1–5 were evaluated against five human tumor cell lines (HCT-116, HepG2, BGC-823, NCI-H1650, and A2780). Compounds 1–2 exhibited cytotoxic activity against five human cancer cell lines, with IC₅₀ values ranging from 3.31 to 10.23 μM. Compounds 3–5 showed moderate cytotoxic activities toward the tested cell lines.     

A new (E)-4-hydroxy-dodec-2-enedioic acid from the stem bark ofalbizzia julibrissin

A new unsaturated hydroxy acid was isolated from the stem bark extract of Albizzia julibrissin through repeated silica gel and Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography. The chemical structure of the new acid was determined as (E)-4-hydroxy-dodec-2-enedioic acid on the basis of several spectral data including 2D-NMR. The stereochemical feature of the double bond was determined to be E on the basis of the coupling pattern of related proton signals in the 1H-NMR and COSY experiments.     

Effects of ginseng saponins isolated from red ginseng on ultraviolet B-induced skin aging in hairless mice

It is well-known that chronic ultraviolet B (UVB) exposure at low-dose causes skin photoaging including increases in skin thickness and wrinkle formation and reduction in skin elasticity. This study examined the effects of total saponins and ginsenoside Rb₁ isolated from Red Ginseng roots on skin thickness, elasticity, and wrinkle formation caused by long-term, low-dose UVB irradiation in hairless mice. The topical application of total ginseng saponins (10 pg or 100 ng/mouse) and ginsenoside Rb₁ (100 fg, 10 pg, or 1 ng/mouse) significantly inhibited increases in skin thickness and wrinkle formation and the reduction in skin elasticity induced by long-term UVB irradiation. Furthermore, we examined the histological effects of total saponins and ginsenoside Rb₁ in the skin of UVB-irradiated hairless mice. The increases in apoptotic, Ki-67-, and 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine-positive cells induced by UVB exposure were prevented by the topical application of total saponins and ginsenoside Rb₁. Furthermore, total saponins and ginsenoside Rb₁ prevented the disruption of collagen fibers induced by the long-term UVB irradiation. Ginsenoside Rb₁ (100 fg, 10 pg, and 1 ng/ml) increased the Bcl-2 expression level in UVB-treated human keratinocytes. The protective effect of ginsenoside Rb₁ on UVB-mediated apoptosis may be due to the up-regulation of Bcl-2 expression. These results suggest that the protective effect of ginsenoside Rb₁ on skin photoaging induced by chronic UVB exposure may be due to the increase in collagen synthesis and/or the inhibition of matrix metalloproteinase expression in dermal fibroblasts.     

亮叶杨桐的三萜皂苷类成分

为研究亮叶杨桐(Adinandra nitida Merr. ex Li)叶的化学成分，亮叶杨桐叶的乙醇提取物经大孔树脂、硅胶、Sephadex LH-20以及ODS柱色谱分离得到6个化合物，通过波谱(¹H NMR、 ¹³C NMR、 HR-ESI-MS)和化学方法进行结构鉴定，6个化合物分别被鉴定为2α,3α,19α-trihydroxy-olean-12-en-28-oic acid-28-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (1)、 arjunetin (2)、 sericoside (3)、 glucosyl tormentate (4)、 nigaichigoside F1 (5)和arjunglucoside I (6)。化合物1为新化合物，化合物2～6均为首次从该植物中分离得到。     

Cadmium nitrate-induced cytotoxicity and genotoxicity via caspases in Neuro-2A neurons

Major source for human exposure to cadmium nitrate (Cd(NO₃)₂) is from smoking and occupational hazard. Cd(NO₃)₂-induced neurotoxicity and related mechanism in neurons are still unknown. Here, Cd(NO₃)₂ induced cytotoxicity in a concentration- and time-dependent manners on Neuro-2A (N2A) neurons. Genotoxicity, which included micronucleus formation and DNA damage, and caspases, which included caspase-3, -8 and -9, activities were increased by Cd(NO₃)₂ in a concentration-dependent manner. The concentration trends of Cd(NO₃)₂: 1, 3 and 10?μM, were similar in the significant induction of cytotoxicity and genotoxicity and the up-regulation of the activities of caspase-3, -8, -9. In conclusion, cytotoxicity and genotoxicity were induced by Cd(NO₃)₂ via caspases activities on neurons.     

Triterpenoid saponins from the roots of Clematis chinensis Osbeck

A new triterpenoid saponin named clematichinenoside AR₂, along with the six known compounds, was isolated and characterized from Clematis chinensis Osbeck (Ranunculaceae), a commonly used traditional Chinese medicine with anti-inflammatory and anti-rheumatoid activities. The structure of the new saponin was elucidated as 3-O-β-[(O-α-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 6)-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 4)-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 4)-O-β-d-ribopyranosyl-(1 → 3)-O-α-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 2)-α-l-arabinopyranosyl)oxy]olean-12-en-21α-hydroxy-28-oic acid-O-α-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 4)-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 6)-β-d-glucopyranosyl ester (1) by spectral analysis and chemical methods. The effects of two major saponins (clematichinenosides AR and AR₂) on the secretion of TNF-α in murine peritoneal macrophages induced by lipopolysaccharides were further investigated. The result indicated that a majority of triterpenoid saponins of this herb may be useful in the exploration of lead compounds for the treatment of some autoimmune diseases.