Effect of electric displacement saturation on the stress intensity factor for a crack in a ferroelectric ceramic

A crack in a ferroelectric ceramic with perfect saturation under electric loading is analyzed. The boundary of the electric displacement saturation zone ahead of the crack tip is assumed to be ellipse in shape. The shape and size of ferroelectric domain switching zone near a crack tip is determined based on the nonlinear electric theory. The stress intensity factor induced by ferroelectric domain switching under small-scale conditions is numerically obtained as a function of the electric saturation zone parameter and the ratio of the coercive electric field to the yield electric field. It is found that the stress intensity factor increases as the ratio of the semi-axes of the saturation ellipse increases.     

Thermal fracture analysis of nonhomogeneous piezoelectric materials using an interaction energy integral method

This paper presents a modified interaction energy integral method to analyze the thermal stress intensity factors (TSIFs) and electric displacement intensity factor (EDIF) in nonhomogeneous piezoelectric materials under thermal loading. This modified method is demonstrated to be domain-independent, even when the nonhomogeneous piezoelectric materials contain interfaces with thermo-electro-mechanical properties. As a result, the method is shown to be convenient for determining the TSIFs and EDIF in nonhomogeneous piezoelectric materials with interfaces. Several examples are shown, and they successfully verify the domain-independence of the present interaction energy integral. The study results also show that the mismatch of material properties can significantly influence the TSIFs and EDIF, particularly when the crack tip is close to the interface. Crack angles and temperature boundary conditions are also shown to significantly influence the TSIFs and EDIF.     

Point forces and point charge applied to a circular crack in a transversely isotropic piezoelectric space

Interaction between an arbitrarily located and oriented point force and point charge with a circular crack is considered. Obtained are the exact expressions for the stress intensity factors (SIFs) k_j (j=1,2,3) and electric displacement intensity factor (EDIF) k_D; they are given in terms of elementary functions. The results are also presented in graphical form.     

A domain-independent interaction integral for magneto-electro-elastic materials

Magneto-electro-elastic (MEE) materials usually consist of piezoelectric (PE) and piezomagnetic (PM) phases. Between different constituent phases, there exist lots of interfaces with discontinuous MEE properties. Complex interface distribution brings a great difficulty to the fracture analysis of MEE materials since the present fracture mechanics methods can hardly solve the fracture parameters efficiently of a crack surrounded by complex interfaces. This paper develops a new domain formulation of the interaction integral for the computation of the fracture parameters including stress intensity factors (SIFs), electric displacement intensity factor (EDIF) and magnetic induction intensity factor (MIIF) for linear MEE materials. The formulation derived here does not involve any derivatives of material properties and moreover, it can be proved that an arbitrary interface in the integral domain does not affect the validity and the value of the interaction integral. Namely, the interaction integral is domain-independent for material interfaces and thus, its application does not require material parameters to be continuous. Due to this advantage, the interaction integral becomes an effective approach for extracting the fracture parameters of MEE materials with complex interfaces. Combined with the extended finite element method (XFEM), the interaction integral is employed to solve several representative problems to verify its accuracy and domain-independence. Good results show the effectiveness of the present method in the fracture analysis of MEE materials with continuous and discontinuous properties. Finally, the particulate MEE composites composed of PE and PM phases are considered and four schemes of different property-homogenization level are proposed for comparing their effectiveness.     

Fredholm integral equation approach for multiple crack problem in antiplane shear and inplane electric field of piezoelectric materials

In this paper, the basic presentation in antiplane shear and inplane electric field of piezoelectric materials is refreshed. In order that the functions used in the formulation can be distinguished by their usage, four analytic functions, or four complex potentials, are introduced. A multiple crack problem for piezoelectric materials is studied. After taking the traction or the electric displacement on the crack face as unknown functions, one can naturally obtain a Fredholm integral equation for the multiple crack problem. It is found that the Fredholm integral equation approach is effective for solving the multiple crack problem. Finally, numerical examples are given.     

Analytical solution for bending stress intensity factor in an orthotropic elastic plate containing a crack and subjected to concentrated moments

The problem of estimating the bending stress distribution in the neighborhood of a crack located on a single line in an orthotropic elastic plate of constant thickness subjected to out-of-plane concentrated moments is examined. Using classical plate theory and integral transform techniques, the general formulae for the bending moment and twisting moment in an elastic plate containing cracks located on a single line are derived. The solution is obtained in a closed form for the case in which there is a single crack in an infinite plate subjected to symmetric concentrated moments.     

The 3-D stress intensity factor for a half plane crack in a transversely isotropic solid due to the motion of loads on the crack faces

Three-dimensional analysis of a half plane crack in a transversely isotropic solid is performed. The crack is subjected to a pair of normal point loads moving in a direction perpendicular to the crack edge on its faces. Transform methods are used to reduce the boundary value problem to a single integral equation that can be solved by the Wiener-Hopf technique. The Cagniard-de Hoop method is employed to invert the transforms. An exact expression is derived for the mode I stress intensity factor as a function of time and position along the crack edge. Some features of the solution are discussed through numerical results. The project supported by the Guangdong Provincial Natural Science Foundation and the Science Foundation of Shantou University     

Closed form solution of stress intensity factors for cracks emanating from surface semi-spherical cavity in finite body with energy release rate method

In this paper, a new semi-analytical and semi-engineering method of the closed form solution of stress intensity factors (SIFs) of cracks emanating from a surface semi-spherical cavity in a finite body is derived using the energy release rate theory. A mode of crack opening displacements of a normal slice is established, and the normal slice relevant functions are introduced. The proposed method is both effective and accurate for the problem of three-dimensional cracks emanating from a surface cavity. A series of useful results of SIFs are obtained.     

An analytical solution for the stress field and stress intensity factor in an infinite plane containing an elliptical hole with two unequal aligned cracks

The existing analytical solutions are extended to obtain the stress fields and the stress intensity factors (SIFs) of two unequal aligned cracks emanating from an elliptical hole in an infinite isotropic plane. A conformal mapping is proposed and combined with the complex variable method. Due to some difficulties in the calculation of the stress function, the mapping function is approximated and simplified via the applications of the series expansion. To validate the obtained solution, several examples are analyzed with the proposed method, the finite element method, etc. In addition, the effects of the lengths of the cracks and the ratio of the semi-axes of the elliptical hole (a/b) on the SIFs are studied. The results show that the present analytical solution is applicable to the SIFs for small cracks.     

岩石断裂韧度试样CCNBD临界应力强度因子的全新数值标定

国际岩石力学学会（ISRM）提出的用人字型切槽巴西圆盘（Cracked Chevron Notched Brazilian Disc—CCNBD）测试岩石I型断裂韧度所必需的量纲为一的临界应力强度因子Y＊min的精度需要进一步改进。本文对CCNBD试样的Y＊min进行了系统的重新标定,CCNBD的几何参数有效范围为0.44≤αB≤1.04、0≤α0≤0.69、0.4≤α1≤0.8。采用有限单元法对CCNBD做三维数值分析,得到了435种CCNBD试样的Y＊min值标定结果;在此基础上全面修正了CCNBD试样Y＊min计算公式中u和v的取值表;给出了不用查表直接确定CCNBD试样Y＊min值的近似表达式,该表达式计算结果与标定结果的相对误差绝对值在1.87%以内。对于ISRM建议的CCNBD标准试样的Y＊min值：ISRM标定值0.84比本文结果0.957小12.2%;分片合成法标定值0.947比本文结果小1.0%;子模型法标定值0.943比本文结果小1.5%。本文特别强调了任何CCNBD试样Y＊min的取值必须在它对应的上限和下限所限定的范围内,这一要求对判断Y＊min标定值是否合理是很重要的。