Children and Adolescents Substance Abuse:

No abstract available for this article.     

Children and Adolescent Substance Abuse:

No abstract available for this article.     

Substance Use/Abuse and Suicidal Behavior in Young Adult Women: A Population-Based Study

Associations between substance use variables and suicidal behavior were analyzed in an urban population sample from (“the Women and Alcohol in Gothenburg” study). In Phase I, 20-year-old women (n = 2,069) completed a screening questionnaire. Interviews were carried out with a stratified sample (n = 560). Data, collected in 1995 and 2000, were analyzed using logistic regression to generate odds ratios. Drug use, but not risky alcohol consumption, was associated with suicidal thoughts after adjusting for current depression. Study limitations and implications for suicide prevention are discussed. The study was funded by the Swedish Research Council and the Alcohol Research Council of Sweden.     

Gender-Sensitive Substance Abuse Treatment and Arrest Outcomes for Women

The present study links an empirically-developed quantitative measure of gender-sensitive (GS) substance abuse treatment to arrest outcomes among 5109 substance abusing women in mixed-gender short-term residential programs in Washington State. Frailty models of survival analysis and three-level hierarchical linear models were conducted to test the beneficial effects of GS treatment on decreasing criminal justice involvement. Propensity scores were used to control for the pre-existing differences among women due to the quasi-experimental nature of the study. Men's arrest outcomes were used to control for confounding at the program level. Results show that women in more GS treatment programs had a lower risk of drug-related arrests, and women in more GS treatment programs who also completed treatment had a significant reduction in overall arrests from 2 years before- to 2 years after treatment, above and beyond the reduction in arrests due to treatment alone. Implications and directions for future research are discussed.     

Isopropyl Alcohol Swabs as a Preferred Substance of Abuse

The authors describe the treatment of a 36-year-old woman who presented with excessive consumption of antiseptic alcohol swabs. Her behavior was diagnosed as a severe substance use disorder with isopropyl alcohol as the primary drug of choice. Diagnostic and treatment challenges involved in the case are discussed in detail, with particular focus on the differential diagnosis for this unusual presentation, including obsessive compulsive disorder, pica, and intentional self-injurious behavior. A brief review of the literature on non-ethanol ingestion for the purposes of intoxication is included, as well as clinical information about the potential dangers posed by isopropyl alcohol consumption.     

Substance Use,Abuse, Addiction and Rehabilitation

No abstract available for this article.     

Women and Alcohol Abuse—Factors Involved in Successful Interventions

This paper examines factors involved in successful interventions that led 18 alcoholic women to seek treatment. Literature was lacking concerning intervention with women, though there was one general source on intervention. A hypothesis on the benefit of families was contradicted. In the research, families were usually nonexistent or a barrier to recovery. Findings indicated that successful interventions ranged from a choice of treatment versus jail to seeking help due to internal feelings.     

Women and Substance Use in India and Bangladesh

Given the feminization of the HIV epidemic in India and Bangladesh, understanding substance-use-related concerns among women is important for effective HIV prevention. This review is based on published research, reports (2000–2005), and primary data from treatment centers for drug-using women. We identify four main themes: (a) opioid use and injecting drug use in women, (b) alcohol use in sex work settings, (c) sexual transmission of HIV from male-injecting drug users (IDUs) to their regular female sex partners, and (d) sexual violence among female partners of substance-using men. We urge for focused HIV prevention interventions targeting substance-using women and female sex partners of male substance users to reduce vulnerability.     

Childhood Sexual Abuse,PTSD, and the Functional Roles of Alcohol Use Among Women Drinkers

The present study investigated whether a history of childhood sexual abuse (CSA) or current post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) was associated with alcohol-related expectancies and recalled effects of drinking reported by women in substance user treatment. The results indicate that CSA status was not associated with the alcohol-related expectancies or effects of drinking reported by women in substance user treatment. However, those currently manifesting PTSD were more likely than their peers without PTSD to report greater alcohol-related expectancies of tension reduction and having experienced greater positive enhancement from drinking. Theoretical and clinical implications of these findings are considered.     

Substance Abuse in Women: Relationship Between Chemical Dependency of Women and Fast Reports of Physical and/or Sexual Abuse

The purpose of this research was to describe a group of chemically dependent females who were involved with the criminal justice system and note if they reported histories of physical/sexual abuse. Data for this study were obtained from Andersen's 1986 research project funded by the Michigan Department of Corrections and Wayne State University. The findings showed that 19.7% reported histories of sexual abuse and that 27% reported histories of physical/sexual abuse prior to incarceration. These findings suggest a need for a sexual assessment tool and for further research on the relationships of sexual/physical abuse and chemical dependency.     

Course and Severity of Substance Abuse in Women with Comorbid Eating Disorder

The objective of this study is to ascertain whether the course and severity of Substance Abuse among female patients with comorbid Substance Related Disorder and Eating Disorder (SRD-ED) is similar to or different from the course and severity of SRD among female patients with Substance Related Disorder but no Eating Disorder (SRD). Subjects were voluntary patients, obtained in two addiction programs located within departments of psychiatry in two state university medical centers, and included 66 women with SRD-ED and 211 women with SRD. Data were collected on demography, course and severity of SRD, and associated biomedical conditions. SRD-ED patients were significantly younger and more apt to be single, more highly educated, living with family and friends, employed, and of higher socioeconomic status. SRD-ED and SRD patients were more similar than different on most indicators of course and severity, although several clinical differences prevailed. These clinical differences were primarily ascribed to age. In most respects, patients with comorbid SRD-ED manifest course and severity of SRD similar to patients with SRD. Demographic differences between the two groups can mostly be ascribed to the younger mean age of SRD-ED patients rather than to the comorbid ED. Some biomedical problems are related to the specific consequences of ED.     

One Dozen Considerations When Working with Women in Substance Abuse Groups

Abstract

Women and men have different histories, presentations, and behaviors in substance abuse groups. Twelve considerations are offered for the beginning group leader when encountering women with substance abuse issues. These include understanding sexism, what brings women to treatment, and how women behave in group treatment. Implications for clinical practice with women in single-gender and mixed-gender groups are included.     

Predictors of Dyadic Relationship Quality of Women in Substance Abuse Treatment

ABSTRACT

Objectives: The quality of relationship between family caregivers and care recipients with dual disorders can impact care recipients' well-being and treatment outcomes as well as caregivers' well-being and involvement in care. This paper examines the impact of caregiver stressors and well-being on relationship quality of family caregivers of women with substance use disorders or co-occurring substance and mental disorders.

Methods: Eighty-two women receiving in-patient or out-patient substance abuse treatment and the family member/significant other, nominated by each woman, who provided her with the most social support, were interviewed in this nonexperimental cross-sectional study. A stress-coping model was utilized to identify the impact of family caregivers' stressors (care recipient behavioral, substance abuse, and mental health problems) and caregiver well-being (burden and depressive symptomatology) on caregivers' perceptions of the quality of their relationship with their care recipient.

Results: Findings from multiple regression analyses, across four types of caregiver well-being, show that greater perceived support to the caregiver was predicted by fewer perceived care recipient substance abuse problems, whereas higher levels of undermining of the caregiver was predicted by greater care recipient behavioral problems and by the family caregiver being a significant other of the care recipient. Care recipient classification as having a current dual disorder as compared to a current substance use disorder only was not a significant predictor of perceived support given to the caregiver or of perceived undermining of the family member.

Conclusions: The findings suggest interventions for family caregivers need to be tailored to address different and possibly multiple groups of caregivers, specific types of stressors, and care recipient behavioral problems.     

Types of Abuse and Cocaine Use in Pregnant Women

Previous research has found an association between childhood and adult physical and sexual abuse and substance abuse, but has not examined or compared specific dimensions of the abuse experience, such as its age of onset or the type, severity, or frequency. Women receiving perinatal care (N = 1189) at an inner-city hospital clinic were systematically questioned about their lifetime and current cocaine use and experiences of abuse. We found an association between a history of abuse in childhood and lifetime and current cocaine use, as well as physical and sexual abuse during childhood and pregnancy. There was no difference in the rates of cocaine use between women whose onset of abuse was in childhood versus adulthood. Childhood sexual abuse (alone or in combination with physical abuse) was more associated with lifetime cocaine use than was physical abuse alone. Cocaine use was related to the severity, but not the frequency of abuse.     

Literature and Resource Review,Children and Adolescents Substance Abuse:

No abstract available for this article.     

Butch/Femme Differences in Substance Use and Abuse Among Young Lesbian and Bisexual Women: Examination and Potential Explanations

The current study examined the role of gender atypical self-presentation on the alcohol, tobacco, and marijuana use, as well as symptoms of substance abuse/misuse, of an ethnically diverse sample of 76 young (ages 14–21 years) lesbian and bisexual women who were interviewed between 1993 and 1995 in New York City. Even after controlling for age, sexual identity, and social desirability, young butch women reported drinking alcohol more frequently and in greater quantity, smoking more cigarettes, and using marijuana more frequently than young femme women. Experiences of gay-related stressful events, internalized homophobia, and emotional distress were found to largely account for the butch/femme differences in tobacco and marijuana use, but not in higher levels of alcohol use. Despite the small convenience sample, these findings suggest that intervention efforts to address the higher levels of substance use among young lesbian and bisexual women may increase effectiveness by also addressing experiences of gay-related stress and emotional distress of young butch women. The study's limitations are noted.     

Substance Use among Street Children in Honduras

The hypothesis that drug use among Honduran street children is a function of developmental social isolation from cultural and structural influences is examined. Data from 1,244 children working and/or living on the streets of Tegucigalpa are described, separating “market” children from “street” children. The latter group is then divided into those who sniff glue and those who do not to identify salient distinguishing factors. An OLS regression of drug usage on these variables results in a model that explains 75% of the variance, where family relations, length of time on the street, and delinquency are the most important factors. [Translations are provided in the International Abstracts Section of this issue.]     

Settings and Functions Related to Simultaneous Use of Alcohol with Marijuana or Cocaine Among Clients in Treatment for Substance Abuse

Objectives: The paper identifies the central theoretical components for developing a typology of alcohol use with other substances. The settings and functions related to the simultaneous use of alcohol with marijuana or cocaine are examined using a dataset from a study of treatment clients in Ontario, Canada (data collected between the years 2003 and 2005). Methods: A cross-sectional design was used where patients 18 years or older completed a self-administered questionnaire upon admission to various treatment programs. Clients who reported using marijuana (n = 499) or cocaine (n = 375) in the past year were asked how often they use these substances in combination with alcohol. Findings: Simultaneous use is very common among treatment clients, with differences in the settings and functions associated with alcohol used in combination with cocaine or marijuana, and by various sociodemographic characteristics. The study's limitations are noted.     

Substance Abuse Prevention Program for Children and Adolescents in a Community-Based Clinic

Abstract

This paper describes a community-based substance abuse prevention program utilizing a cognitive-behavioral curriculum to children and adolescents affected by a substance use disorder in a parent or caretaker.