辣椒红色素的提取工艺及稳定性研究

红辣椒中含有纯天然辣椒红色素，研究了辣椒红色素的几种提取方法。用有机溶剂从辣椒中提取红色素，同时对不同温度、不同时间下的色素提取率进行测试，以确定最佳提取条件；研究发现，乙酸乙酯法可以有效地去除辣椒中的辣味，使产品应用于更广泛的领域。本文还研究了辣椒红色素对pH值、光照、温度、金属离子的稳定性。     

辣椒碱的提取精制和应用现状

综述了辣椒碱的性质、提取方法及用途。列举了溶剂萃取法、微波法和超临界CO₂流体萃取等典型的提取精制方法,并简要介绍了辣椒碱的应用前景。     

辣椒碱的研究进展及应用

介绍并比较近年来国内外辣椒碱的制取、纯化技术及作为药物在临床上的应用,并对其应用前景作了简要评述,对今后的研究工作作了展望。     

阴离子交换树脂吸附辣椒碱的动力学研究

以辣椒树脂为原料,采用静态吸附法确定了201×7型阴离子交换树脂吸附辣椒碱的最优工艺和提取机理。通过可见分光光度法测定了辣椒碱的质量浓度,并绘制出了不同pH的吸附等温线,建立了离子交换吸附辣椒碱的动力学模型。实验结果表明:该树脂吸附辣椒碱的最优pH值为5.5,当pH5.0或pH6.0时,Langmuir方程能够更好地拟合该吸附过程;而当pH=5.0~6.0时,辣椒碱的吸附等温线更符合Freundlich方程。在pH=5.5、308.15K下,较高的辣椒树脂的质量浓度能显著提高离子交换速率,且初期(t30 min)800~1200r/min的搅拌速率有利于吸附过程。通过计算得出,树脂吸附辣椒碱模型的速率常数k0=2.11×10-3s-1、活化能Ea=12.6 k J/mol、反应级数为0.268,并利用Freundlich模型解析获得了最优pH值(5.5)下阴离子交换树脂吸附辣椒碱的动力学方程。     

辣椒碱产品生产及应用

综述了辣椒碱产品的开发及应用现状,介绍了其提取分析的国内外研究进展。     

离子交换纤维吸附辣椒碱的动力学

采用SEM和IR方法表征了吸附辣椒碱前后的ZB-2强碱性阴离子交换纤维,确定了可以吸附;然后测定了离子交换纤维吸附辣椒碱的速率,确定了吸附在3 min时由液膜扩散控制转入离子交换纤维内扩散控制;最后考察了搅拌速度、溶液浓度和吸附温度对速率的影响,得到了离子交换纤维内扩散控制交换过程的表观活化能、反应级数、速率常数和动力学方程式。     

铁皮石斛生物总碱提取纯化研究

文章采用纤维素酶法提取铁皮石斛中的生物总碱,用离子交换树脂对铁皮石斛生物总碱进行了初步纯化,采用正交试验法优选石斛总碱的纯化条件。实验结果表明,离子交换树脂法最佳纯化条件为:上样速度为10 mL/3 h,洗脱液(氨水)浓度为1 mol/L,洗脱速度为50 mL/4 h,生物总碱最佳收集段为洗脱液流出20~30 mL时。本工艺操作简便,成本较低,值得进一步深入研究。     

辣椒红色素和辣椒碱的研究进展

综述了辣椒红色素和辣椒碱的性质、提取方法及用途。简要介绍了辣椒红色素和辣椒碱的应用前景。     

辣椒红色素的提取工艺研究

本文以红辣椒为原料,考察了提取辣椒红色素的几个影响因素,确定了提取辣椒红色素的优化条件。实验结果表明,提取的最佳条件为:提取溶剂为石油醚,原料粒度为20~40目,液固比为9:1mL/g,提取时间4h。     

离子交换纤维吸附二氢辣椒碱的动力学研究

首先采用SEM和IR方法表征了吸附二氢辣椒碱前后的ZB-2强碱性阴离子交换纤维,确定了可以吸附;然后测定了离子交换纤维吸附二氢辣椒碱的速率,确定了吸附在3 min时由液膜扩散控制转入离子交换纤维内扩散控制;最后考察了搅拌速度、溶液浓度、吸附温度和离子交换纤维直径对离子交换速率的影响,得到了离子交换纤维内扩散控制交换过程...     

Resins for high-purity water production

In plants for the production of feedwater for high-pressure boilers, it is important to specify appropriate parameters for the ion exchange resins used. The parameters proposed for all make-up plant resins are total exchange capacity, bead integrity and physical strength (resistance to osmotic shock and attrition), supplemented by maximum, minimum and harmonic mean bead sizes appropriate for use in cation exchange, anion exchange and mixed bed units. For condensate purification plant resins, total exchange capacity, bead integrity, physical strength and bead size are again specified, with tighter limits for resistance to osmotic shock and attrition, to reduce the risk of physical breakdown in service. Bead densities should be included and closer bead size distributions to ensure good overall kinetics for cation and anion exchange, whilst maintaining good separation on backwashing. A minimum mass transfer coefficient is also required to ensure adequate anion exchange kinetics for sulphate at the typical condensate purification plant linear flow rate of 100m/h. Consideration should be given to specifying the maximum organic matter that may be released by new resins in contact with water in an endeavour to limit the amount of deleterious chemical compounds produced in manufacture that can be released into the treated water.     

典型有机磷类萃取剂在溶剂萃取中协同萃取的研究进展

协同萃取作为溶剂萃取法的分支被广泛研究.对于协同萃取的机理探索,必须阐明协同效应产生的微观原因,并给出微观与宏观性质的联系,因此从分子的微观结构和内部运动认识协同萃取以及影响因素尤为重要.本工作重点综述了萃取剂之间、萃取剂与金属离子之间的协同作用机理以及影响其作用因素的研究进展,指出协同萃取的本质是氢键的形成导致萃取剂...     

湿法磷酸净化试验研究

对以磷酸三丁酯作萃取溶剂净化湿法磷酸的工艺、流程和相关技术进行了研究,完成了1 000 t/a P2O5湿法磷酸净化中试。试验结果表明工艺流程合理可行设计制造的振动筛板塔、萃取槽等关键设备运行稳定、效率高制取的净化磷酸成本低、质量优,为工业放大提供了可靠依据。     

A Critical Review of Technology for Selective Recovery of Vanadium from Leaching Solution in V2O5 Production

In the V₂O₅ production process, purification of vanadium-bearing solution plays an important role in determining the quality of the final product. The choice of purification method depends on the vanadium species, aqueous media, and associated impurities. In this review, the recent research results for the separation and recovery of vanadium from leaching solution with solvent extraction, ion exchange, and chemical precipitation separation are presented. The effects of the main operational parameters on the efficiency of purification with these three methods are compared and discussed respectively, and several problems existing in these processes are proposed.     

无机盐生产中的锶钡分离

锶钡分离对于生产高纯锶、钡盐及利用高锶 钡矿或高钡锶矿具有重要意义。介绍、评论了沉淀、离子交换、溶剂萃取等方法的研究和在无机盐工业中应用的情况。     

Kinetics of Eu(III) extraction in macroporous bifunctional phosphinic acid resin

The rate of ion exchange of Eu(III) from semi-infinite bath containing dilute nitric acid solution was studied on a macroporous bifunctional phosphinic acid resin. The influence of particle size, concentration of nitric acid and temperature on the uptake of Eu(III) was examined. The kinetic data were fitted into the Reichenberg approximate solution, based on the Nernst–Planck resin diffusion model, that relates the fractional attainment of equilibrium (U_t) and internal diffusion coefficient (D_A). The measured D_A was of the order of 10^?13 m²/s, and it was found to increase with the increase of temperature, and decrease with the increase of particle size of the resin and concentration of nitric acid.     

Separation and purification of scandium by solvent extraction and related technologies: a review

The technologies of solvent extraction, ion exchange, and liquid membrane for the separation and purification of scandium are reviewed. Acidic and neutral organo‐phosphorus extractants are most widely used in practice, with high extraction efficiencies. Their disadvantages originate from the high stripping acidity required for the former and the poor selectivity for the latter. Carboxylic acids, amines, and acidic β‐diketone have also been widely used to extract scandium from solutions with low acidities. Mixed extractants or synergistic systems for the solvent extraction of scandium have been developed. Extraction efficiencies are influenced by extraction conditions such as aqueous matrixes and acidities, types of diluents and A/O ratios. Scandium(III) extractions are interfered with by commonly associated elements such as iron(III), zirconium(IV), titanium(IV), thorium(IV), yttrium(III) and lanthanides(III). The advantages and disadvantages of applications of ion exchange and liquid membrane technologies for scandium recovery are reviewed and compared with solvent extraction. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry