不同内镜检查模式诊断癌前病变及食管早癌的临床价值研究

[目的]分别使用普通白光模式、高清智能染色内镜(FICE)及FICE+卢戈氏碘染色模式对食管病变行内镜观察,比较3种不同模式诊断早期食管癌及癌前病变的临床价值。[方法]选取行上消化道内镜检查的患者9765例,每例依次进行普通白光模式、FICE模式以及FICE+卢戈氏碘染色模式内镜检查,其中发现食管部位病变的患者99例,共检出病变130处。分别记录在3种模式下所发现的食管病变部位、形状、大小,并以活检及手术病理结果作为诊断金标准,比较3种模式对食管早癌和癌前病变的检出率、特异性。[结果]3种模式中FICE+卢戈氏碘染色模式的病变检出率、特异性明显高于普通白光模式,差异有统计学意义(P=0.000);而在食管早癌和癌前病变的检出率上略高于FICE模式,差异无统计学意义(P=0.120);在发现食管高级别内瘤变(食管早癌及重度不典型增生)的特异性方面显著高于普通白光模式以及FICE模式,差异有统计学意义(χ2=4.483,P=0.000;χ2=5.385,P=0.027)。[结论]FICE+卢戈氏碘染色模式能提高癌前病变及食管早癌的检出率,并对高级别内瘤变具有更高检测特异性。     

超声微探头联合卢戈(lugol)液染色诊断早期食管癌及癌前病变61例

目的研究超声微探头联合卢戈液染色对早期食管癌及癌前病变的诊断价值。方法61例患者经胃镜检查发现食管有非隆起性可疑病变,首次病理检查均提示慢性炎症。对可疑病灶行卢戈氏碘染色,微探头超声引导下对卢戈氏碘不染色区、浅染区行活组织病理检查。结果61例患者确诊为鳞癌10例(16.4%),其中早期食管癌6例,3例病理诊断为食管炎,微探头超声高度怀疑食管癌,后再次取活检(1~3次)证实为食管癌;不典型增生18例(29.5%),其中轻度不典型增生9例,中度不典型增生5例,重度不典型增生4例,慢性炎症33例(54.1%)。结论超声微探头联合卢戈氏染色对食管病变有较高的诊断价值,尤其是早期食管癌及癌前病变。对微探头超声高度怀疑食管癌而活检阴性的病理需多次活检,以提高诊断的阳性率。     

卢戈氏染色诊断食管早期癌和表浅癌价值的评价

为了再度评价卢戈氏液内镜下食管粘膜染色对食管早期癌和表浅癌的诊断价值，对１４４例食管早期癌可疑患者进行食管粘膜染色，并对不染区多点活检送病理检查，其中１３１例为肉眼无可疑病灶者，９４例没有任何食管症状。诊断结果：食管癌７例（手术证实粘膜癌２例，粘膜下癌２例）；不典型增生１０例（轻度５例，中度３例，重度２例）；单纯上皮增生伴或不伴慢性炎症２５例；结核１例。并发现有食管症状者碘不染区出现率明显高于无食管症状者（Ｐ＜０．０５）。结论：内镜下卢戈氏液染色有助于食管早期癌、表浅癌及癌前病变的诊断，并帮助鉴别诊断     

内镜下食管黏膜碘染色对大连地区原居民早期食管癌的发现研究

目的 探讨经内镜进行食管黏膜碘染色方法对大连地区原居民早期食管癌的发现价值.方法 对45岁以上有上消化道症状的病人行胃镜检查时进行卢戈氏碘液的喷洒,对不染区进行多点病理活检.结果 有食管病变病人异常发现率为73.85%,癌前病变发生率为35.38%,早期食管癌发生率为1. 54%.结论 具有明显食管症状、内镜下发现食管黏膜可疑病变的病人,尽可能要进行碘染色和精确活检.对发现癌前病变的病人,要及时随访,反复碘染检查.大连地区原居民早期食管癌的发生率并不比全国发病率低.     

内镜色素染色法诊断早期食管癌胃癌临床应用

应用内镜下色素染色法作为食管癌胃癌的辅助诊断方法,可提高癌灶的检出率。现整理了临床采用其中３种方法的应用报告如下。１．美蓝复方碘溶液染色法诊断早期食管癌（１）病例与方法：对临床上有半年以上或突然加重的胸骨后疼痛,烧心、吞咽不适感的患者常规进行胃镜检查。在胃镜检查中对明显病灶可直接进行活检。对５２例胃镜检查中食管粘膜有可疑病灶者,先喷洒５％的美蓝溶液３～５ｍｌ,１分钟后,水洗,再喷洒３％复方碘溶液３～５ｍｌ,１分钟后观察粘膜染色情况并活检。（２）结果：５２例患者中有１０例食管粘膜出现１处或２处以…     

内镜下卢戈氏液染色与p53蛋白检测诊断早期食管癌的体外试验

目的 研究内镜下卢戈氏染色和活组织Ｐ５３检测诊断食管早期癌和表浅癌的可行性。方法 将９７例信用这癌手术标本先用卢戈氏液染色,然后对粘膜不染色行Ｐ５３蛋白免疫组化染色。结果 在９７例食管癌手术标本中,共有６３处直径大于２ｍｍ的膜不染色区,其中正常粘膜２处,单纯增生７处,不典型增生４２处,原位癌１处,鳞状细胞癌１１处;Ｐ５３蛋白的阳性主要发生在重度不典型（４２．３％）和鳞状细胞癌（４５．５％）的细胞核     

超声内镜联合染色内镜在早期食管癌诊断中的应用价值

目的:分析超声内镜联合染色内镜技术诊断早期食管癌的准确性,评价其临床应用价值.方法:2009-08/2011-09行普通白光内镜(WLE)检查发现食管黏膜可疑病变67例,患者72处病灶纳入研究,可疑病变包括食管黏膜粗糙、糜烂、颜色异常、微隆起等.所有病变行活组织病理检查,分析超声内镜联合染色内镜诊断早期食管癌的准确性.结果:72处局灶性病变中,病理组织学证实癌性病变16处(9处病变行内镜下黏膜切除术或内镜黏膜下剥离术治疗,7处病变行手术治疗).非癌性病变56处,为慢性炎症、轻-中度不典型增生.WLE诊断早期食管癌的敏感度、特异度和准确性分别为:81.3%、66%、62.5%;超声内镜联合染色内镜对应值分别为:87.5%、98.2%、95.8%.结论:超声内镜联合染色内镜对食管病变有较高的诊断价值,尤其是对诊断早期食管癌及癌前病变有重要意义.     

内镜技术在消化系疾病诊疗中的应用

0引言内镜技术在消化系统疾病的诊疗中具有不可替代的作用.近年来,除了传统的消化道内镜(食管、胃、十二指肠、大肠镜)诊断、息肉切除等治疗外,染色、放大内镜,内镜超声(EUS)以及内镜微创治疗技术发展迅速,主要集中在以下几个方面:1染色、放大内镜黏膜染色(包括食管、胃、大肠)对于识别早期恶性肿瘤具有十分重要意义.碘染色判别食管癌,靛胭脂和美蓝染色检测早期大肠癌及癌前病变均已应用于临床.食管黏膜喷洒碘溶液,通过观察黏膜是否着色来判定病变区域,在该部位取活检往往可以发现早期肿瘤.大肠黏膜喷洒靛胭脂染色,通过放大内镜观察黏膜隐…     

内镜下碘染色诊断早期食管癌的临床研究

目的 探讨内镜下碘染色对早期食管癌及癌前病变的诊断价值.方法 将内镜下有可疑食管病变的220例患者随机分为染色组和对照组各110例.用Lugol液对染色组进行食管黏膜染色检查,并对不染色和浅染色区进行病理活检.对照组不行Lugol液染色,仅根据临床经验进行病理活检.结果 染色组不着色或浅着色69例(62.7%),活检发现食管癌14例(12.7%),其中早期食管癌3例,鳞状上皮异型增生9例(8.1%);对照组110例活检发现食管癌2例(1.8%),轻中度异型增生4例(3.6%).两组食管癌诊断率的差异有统计学意义.结论 内镜下碘染色能减少食管黏膜活检误差,提高食管癌诊断率,有助于发现早期食管癌及其癌前病变.     

内镜下碘染色对诊断食管癌及癌前病变的价值

[目的]探讨内镜下碘染色在诊断食管癌及癌前病变中的价值.[方法]在我市食管癌高发地区对239例40～69岁人群进行内镜下食管碘染色,观察食管黏膜染色情况,并取碘染异常区或贲门脊根部活检送病理组织学检查.[结果]239例接受内镜检查者其中有92例碘染色后出现不着色区或淡染区,病检示食管癌5例,检出率为2.09％,不典型增生病变46例（其中轻度不典型增生17,中重度不典型增生29例）,检出率为19.25％,慢性炎症33例,正常鳞状上皮8例.[结论]内镜下食管碘染色结合黏膜活检有助于早期食管癌及癌前病变的诊断,且操作简便,具有推广价值.     

Value of endoscopic methylene blue and Lugol''''s iodine double staining and detection of GST-n and telomerase in the early diagnosis of esophageal carcinoma

AIM: To explore the expressions of GST-n and telomerase activity in esophageal carcinoma and premalignant lesions and to investigate the value of endoscopic methylene blue (MB) and Lugol's iodine double staining. METHODS: Seventy-two patients with esophagopathy were sprayed endoscopically with MB and Lugol's iodine in proper order and the areas stained blue and brown, and the area between the blue and brown stains were obtained. Depending on the pattern of mucosal staining, biopsy specimen was obtained. GST-n and telomerase activity in specimens were examined by immunohis-tochemistry and PCR-based silver staining telomeric repeat amplification protocol, respectively. RESULTS: After MB and Lugol's iodine staining, the area between both the colors was obtained in 64 of the 72 patients and the areas were stained blue and brown in all of the 72 patients. Association test of two simultaneous ordinal categorical data showed a correlation between the esophageal mucosal staining and the esophageal histology (P<0.005). The expression of GST-n and telomerase activity in esophageal carcinoma and premalignant lesions increased. The expression of GST-n and telomerase activity in dysplasia and carcinoma was significantly higher than that in normal epithelium (P<0.005). The expression in hyperplasia was slightly higher than that in normal epithelium. With the lesions progressing from low- to moderate- to high-grade dysplasia, the positive rate increased (P<0.025). Expression of GST-n was correlated with that of telomerase activity in dysplasia and carcinoma ((?)= 0.4831, P<0.005; (?)=0.3031, P<0.025, respectively); but there was no correlation between them in normal epithelium and hyperplasia. CONCLUSION: The expression of GST-n and telomerase may be an early event in the carcinogenesis of esophagus. They may play an induced and synergistic role with each other in the carcinogenesis of esophagus. Endoscopic MB and Lugol's iodine double staining and detection of GST-n and telomerase activity may contribute to the early diagnosis of esophageal carcinoma.     

Value of endoscopic methylene blue and Lugol＇s iodine double staining and detection of GST-n and telomerase in the early diagnosis of esophageal carcinoma

AIM: To explore the expressions of GST-Pi and telomerase activity in esophageal carcinoma and premalignant lesions and to investigate the value of endoscopic methylene blue (MB) and Lugol's iodine double staining. METHODS: Seventy-two patients with esophagopathy were sprayed endoscopically with MB and Lugol's iodine in proper order and the areas stained blue and brown, and the area between the blue and brown stains were obtained. Depending on the pattern of mucosal staining, biopsy specimen was obtained. GST-Pi and telomerase activity in specimens were examined by immunohistochemistry and PCR-based silver staining telomeric repeat amplification protocol, respectively. RESULTS: After MB and Lugol's iodine staining, the area between both the colors was obtained in 64 of the 72 patients and the areas were stained blue and brown in all of the 72 patients. Association test of two simultaneous ordinal categorical data showed a correlation between the esophageal mucosal staining and the esophageal histology (P<0.005). The expression of GST-Pi and telomerase activity in esophageal carcinoma and premalignant lesions increased. The expression of GST-Pi and telomerase activity in dysplasia and carcinoma was significantly higher than that in normal epithelium (P<0.005). The expression in hyperplasia was slightly higher than that in normal epithelium. With the lesions progressing from low- to moderate- to high-grade dysplasia, the positive rate increased (P<0.025). Expression of GST-Pi was correlated with that of telomerase activity in dysplasia and carcinoma (phis = 0.4831, P<0.005; phis = 0.3031, P<0.025, respectively); but there was no correlation between them in normal epithelium and hyperplasia. CONCLUSION: The expression of GST-Pi and telomerase may be an early event in the carcinogenesis of esophagus. They may play an induced and synergistic role with each other in the carcinogenesis of esophagus. Endoscopic MB and Lugol's iodine double staining and detection of GST-Pi and telomerase activity may contribute to the early diagnosis of esophageal carcinoma.     

卢戈液-美蓝双重染色在早期食管癌诊断中的价值

目的 提高早期食管癌的诊断水平。方法 先用卢戈液染色，再用美蓝染色，比较2次染色后食管病灶着色及范围，大致判断浸润深度，并用超声小探头观察病灶侵犯深度，采用内镜下黏膜切除术和手术治疗。结果 10例患者共11处癌灶，卢戈液染色后9处较好地显示了病灶范围，表现为正常食管黏膜染为棕色，病灶不着色；加用美蓝染色后，11处均清楚地显示了病灶，表现为正常黏膜不染色，病灶黏膜为水蓝色，边界清晰。1例行内镜下食管黏膜切除术切除，8例手术切除。病理结果均为鳞状细胞癌，其中黏膜癌6处，黏膜下癌4处，与其对照，胃镜和超声小探头鉴别黏膜癌和黏膜下癌的准确率均为80％，两者联合的准确率为90％。结论 卢戈液-美蓝染色较单一卢戈液染色，显示早期食管癌病灶及其范围更加清楚，可较准确地判断早期癌的侵犯深度。     

亚甲蓝染色指导在Barrett食管病理诊断中的意义

Barrett食管是食管腺癌的癌前病变.随着食管腺癌发病率的增加,Barrett食管的病理诊断越发受到重视.本文对84例Barrett食管的患者随机分为实验组和对照组,分别采用亚甲蓝染色指导活检和四象限活检,分析病理结果,对两组诊断率和活检数目阳性率进行比较.结果 显示亚甲蓝染色指导活检对Barrett食管的病理诊断有重要价值,为今后的Barrett食管内镜活检病理诊断提供理论指导.     

Comparison of methylene blue-directed biopsies and four-quadrant biopsies in the detection of high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia and early cancer in Barrett''s oesophagus

BACKGROUND: Barrett's oesophagus embodies the risk of malignant transformation. High-grade intraepithelial neoplasia and early cancer in Barrett's oesophagus are often discrete or macroscopically occult lesions and show a patchy distribution and therefore, directed biopsies in combination with four-quadrant random biopsies are the gold standard for surveillance. AIMS: The aim of this prospective study was to compare methylene blue staining and random biopsies in patients with early Barrett's neoplasia. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Eighty-six patients (mean age 65+/-8 years) with histologically proven but macroscopically in evident high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia (n=17) or early cancer in Barrett's oesophagus (n=69) on HR-endoscopy with all together 98 lesions, were included. In the first step, four-quadrant random biopsies were taken during routine endoscopy (group I). In a second step, staining was performed with a 0.5% solution of methylene blue with a spray catheter. Biopsies of focal areas with decreased stain, heterogeneity of stain or absence stain were taken (group II). RESULTS: In 75/86 patients, high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia or early cancer in Barrett's oesophagus could be diagnosed in the methylene blue group while 56 patients were determined in the random biopsies group (P=0.053). High-grade intraepithelial neoplasia or early cancer was diagnosed in significantly more methylene blue-directed biopsies (80.9% versus 26.4%, P<0.005) and also significantly more lesions could be identified in the methylene blue group (96/98; 98%) while in the random biopsies group only 58/98 lesions (59%) could be localised (P<0.05). When methylene blue was used (1217 versus 562, P<0.0001), the average number of specimens taken with methylene blue per patient was about half of that with random biopsy (6.5 versus 14.1, P<0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Chromoendoscopy with methylene blue diagnosed significantly more patients and lesions with intraepithelial neoplasia or early cancer in Barrett's oesophagus compared to random biopsies. In addition, significantly less biopsies were needed with methylene blue compared to random biopsies. The use of methylene blue-directed biopsies appears to improve the detection of intraepithelial neoplasia and early cancer in Barrett's oesophagus.     

美蓝染色对提高胃黏膜不典型病变活检阳性率的价值

目的探讨内镜下美蓝染色对胃黏膜不典型病变中早期胃癌及其癌前病变的诊断价值。方法将326例胃黏膜表现不典型的成人患者随机分成染色内镜组和普通内镜组，分别在病变部位活检送病理组织学检查。结果染色内镜组166例患者中，印例胃黏膜上皮有肠化、50例上皮呈轻度-中度不典型增生、8例为重度不典型增生、8例为早期胃癌且经手术及术后病理证实病灶仅限于黏膜层且无淋巴结转移。普通内镜组160例，病理检查结果为伴有肠上皮化生40例、轻-中度不典型增生20例、重度不典型增生2例，无早期胃癌。染色内镜组早癌及癌前病变总检出率为75．9％，其中早期胃癌检出率为12．1％，均明显高于普通内镜组。结论内镜下美蓝染色指导活检可提高胃黏膜不典型增生和早期胃癌的检出率。     

放大色素结肠镜观察FAS、Ki-67在直肠异常隐窝病灶中的表达

目的:观察FAS、Ki-67在结肠腺瘤、异常隐窝病灶(aberrant crypt foci,ACF)中的表达,探讨脂肪酸合成酶(fatty acid synthase,FAS)、增殖细胞核抗原(Ki-67)的异常表达在结直肠癌癌前病变形成中的意义.方法:对34例结肠镜确诊为腺瘤性息肉患者,常规内镜检查结束时,用0.2%的亚甲蓝溶液染色直肠黏膜,然后使用放大结肠镜观察直肠寻找ACF.对结肠腺瘤性息肉、ACF及正常黏膜活检标本进行免疫组织化学分析其FAS和Ki-67的表达.结果:34例结肠腺瘤性息肉患者,其中31例直肠发现ACF,共发现并活检ACF166处(其中伴异型增生14处,不伴异型增生152处).FAS、K i-67在结肠腺瘤、A C F中呈异常高表达(P<0.01).伴异型增生ACF中FAS、Ki-67表达较不伴异型增生ACF无明显上调.结论:FAS、Ki-67在结直肠癌的癌前病变(腺瘤、ACF)呈异常高表达.结直肠癌的癌前病变存在细胞能量代谢异常及异常增殖,在ACF阶段就已经异常增殖明显,抑制FAS有望成为结直肠癌预防、治疗的靶点.     

Methylene Blue Staining and Endoscopic Ultrasound Evaluation of Barrett's Esophagus with Low-Grade Dysplasia

This study was performed to determine if either methylene blue staining or endoscopic ultrasound helped direct biopsies in patients with a history of Barrett's esophagus with low-grade dysplasia. Patients underwent radial endoscopic ultrasound scanning to measure esophageal wall thickness, followed by endoscopy with methylene blue staining and biopsies. Mean esophageal wall thickness for squamous mucosa (2.3 ± 0.2 mm), nondysplastic Barrett's (2.6 ± 0.2 mm), and Barrett's with dysplasia (2.9 ± 0.3 mm) were similar. With staining, Barrett's mucosa stained blue more often than gastric epithelium (68% vs 15%, respectively; P < 0.001). The sensitivity and specificity for strong staining detecting Barrett's were 68% and 85%, respectively. Barrett's with low-grade dysplasia stained blue less frequently (52%) than nondysplastic Barrett's (74%; P < 0.05), but the positive predictive value for poor staining indicating dysplasia was 41%. Endoscopic ultrasound was not helpful in directing biopsies in these patients. The utility of methylene blue for detecting dysplasia needs further investigation.     

美蓝染色在胃癌前病变和早期胃癌中的应用

目的研究内镜下美蓝染色对胃癌前病变和早期胃癌的诊断价值。方法内镜下有胃黏膜异常表现的57例，用0．5％的美蓝均匀喷洒于胃黏膜，然后在染色的部位取活检送病理组织学检查。结果有36例存在肠化和不典型增生，4例为早期胃癌，均经手术及病理证实病灶仅限于黏膜层，且无淋巴结转移。结论内镜下美蓝染色可明显的提高胃癌前病变和早期胃癌的检出率。