MC尼龙6/TiO2原位纳米复合材料的制备及表征

利用阴离子原位聚合法制备了铸型尼龙6(MC尼龙6)／TiO2原位纳米复合材料,并对其结构与性能进行了表征。透射电子显微镜观察表明,TiO2以纳米级均匀分散于MC尼龙6中,其含量小于1份时近乎单分散,大于1份时则开始团聚。差示扫描量热法和X射线衍射法分析结果表明,纳米TiO2对MC尼龙6的结晶起到了异相成核作用,提高了MC尼龙6的结晶温度,但不改变MC尼龙6的α晶型结构;退火处理结果表明,高温退火或加入纳米TiO2,都有利于MC尼龙6基体中α晶型的生成,加快γ晶向α晶的转变。热重分析和力学性能测试表明,纳米TiO2提高了复合材料的热稳定性,其拉伸强度、冲击强度等也得到了不同程度的提高。     

MC尼龙6/TiO2原位纳米复合材料等温结晶动力学的研究

采用差示扫描量热法(DSC)研究了阴离子原位聚合法制备的铸型尼龙6(MC尼龙6)/TiO2纳米复合材料的等温结晶行为,并应用Avrami方程分析了MC尼龙6的等温结晶动力学过程.结果表明纳米TiO2对MC尼龙6基体具有异相成核作用,使其原位纳米复合材料结晶速率常数变大,半结晶时间变小.Hoffman成核结晶理论计算结果表明,原位纳米复合材料的Kg(与结晶温度无关而与成核方式有关的参数)大于MC尼龙6且随着纳米含量的增加而增加,说明纳米TiO2阻碍了MC尼龙6分子链的运动,同时尼龙6由晶核生长占主导地位逐渐向成核机制占主导地位转变.     

纳米二氧化硅/MC尼龙6原位复合材料非等温结晶动力学的研究

通过阴离子开环聚合法制备了纳米二氧化硅(SiO2)／MC尼龙6原位复合材料。采用差示扫描量热法研究了MC尼龙6及其原位纳米复合材料的非等温结晶行为；并利用修正Avrami方程的Jeziomy和Liu法进一步处理原位纳米复合材料的非等温结晶动力学。结果表明，在纳米SiO2／MC尼龙6原位复合材料中，纳米SiO2对基体MC尼龙6的结晶有一定的成核作用，并提高了其结晶速率。     

MC尼龙6/纳米ZnO复合材料热稳定性的原位XRD法研究

采用原位聚合反应制备MC尼龙6/纳米ZnO复合材料. 动态高温XRD(20~210℃)分析表明,随着温度的升高,MC尼龙6的α1(200)晶面和α2(002+202)晶面分别发生了收缩和膨胀,纯MC尼龙6和MC尼龙6/纳米ZnO复合材料的α1和α2晶面热膨胀系数分别为aTα1=-8.8×10-5 ℃-1, aTα2=1.6×10-4 ℃-1和aTα1=-1.7×10-4 ℃-1, aTα2=3.4×10-4 ℃-1. 随着温度的升高,MC尼龙6/纳米ZnO复合材料相对结晶度逐渐降低,在熔融温度附近结晶结构基本被破坏,在达到升温高点后的降温过程中产生了重结晶,在20~210℃之间的结构变化基本是可逆的. 加入纳米ZnO提高了MC尼龙6的热稳定性,随着纳米材料含量的增加,复合材料的热稳定性呈上升趋势,分散得越好,热稳定性越强;加入纳米ZnO使MC尼龙6的起始降解温度提高1~9℃,最大失重速率时的温度提高.     

MC尼龙／纳米CaSO4复合材料的制备与表征

采用原位聚合反应制备MC尼龙／纳米CaSO4复合材料并对其性能、形貌和结晶形态进行了分析。分析结果表明：复合材料中纳米CaSO4达到了纳米级分散,起到同时增强增韧的作用,复合材料拉伸强度比MC尼龙提高17．4％;弯曲模量提高26．9％;冲击强度提高16．7％。纳米CaSO4的引入没有改变尼龙6的结晶形态;修饰后的纳米CaSO4有利于在MC尼龙中均匀分散。     

纳米SiO_2/MC尼龙6原位复合材料等温结晶行为的研究

将纳米SiO2均匀分散在己内酰胺单体熔体中,采用阴离子开环聚合法制备了纳米SiO2/单体浇铸(MC)尼龙6原位复合材料。通过差示扫描量热仪(DSC)、Avrami方程、Lauritizen-Hoffmann方程对复合材料的等温结晶行为进行了研究。结果表明:纳米SiO2的引入改变了基体MC尼龙6的成核机理和生长方式;低含量的纳米SiO2阻碍了MC尼龙6的结晶行为,高含量的纳米SiO2降低了MC尼龙6的结晶活化能,提高了其球晶生长速率,并促进了其结晶行为。     

MC尼龙6／ZnO纳米复合材料制备

将铝酸酯偶联剂和纳米ZnO同时用超声分散在熔融的己内酰胺中,一步原位聚合制备MC(单体铸塑)尼龙6/ZnO纳米复合材料,应用正交试验对偶联剂的用量和超声温度、时间等工艺参数进行了优化.结果表明,当超声温度为80℃、超声时间为20 min、偶联剂加入量为1.0%(质量分数)时,合成的MC尼龙6/ZnO纳米复合材料力学性能最优.通过SEM和XRD对MC尼龙6/ZnO纳米复合材料进一步的表征表明,ZnO在基体中达到了纳米级的分散,结晶形态理想.     

MC尼龙6/纳米ZnO复合材料的研究

采用硅烷偶联剂KH-550修饰纳米ZnO,制备了MC尼龙6/纳米ZnO复合材料。力学性能测试表明,当纳米ZnO质量分数为1%时复合材料的力学性能最优,拉伸强度比纯MC尼龙6提高25.6%,断裂伸长率提高165.6%,简支梁冲击强度提高70.1%,这说明纳米ZnO可起到同时增强增韧的作用。扫描电子显微镜分析表明,纳米ZnO质量分数为1%时,纳米ZnO在MC尼龙6基体中分散最好,达到了纳米级分散;由X衍射分析发现,纳米ZnO没有改变MC尼龙6的结晶形态,纳米ZnO质量分数为1%时复合材料的结晶形态结构优越。     

钛酸酯偶联剂改性纳米ZnO制备MC尼龙6/ZnO复合材料

用钛酸酯偶联剂改性纳米ZnO制备MC尼龙6/纳米ZnO复合材料。当纳米ZnO加入量为2%时,MC尼龙6/纳米ZnO复合材料力学综合性能最优,与纯MC尼龙6相比,其拉伸强度提高28.4%,断裂伸长率提高152.7%,弯曲模量提高30.2%,冲击强度提高60.5%。从SEM分析可见,ZnO在MC尼龙6中分布均匀,达到纳米级分散;从XRD分析可见,纳米ZnO没有改变MC尼龙6的结晶形态。     

MC尼龙6/SiO2纳米复合材料的制备与表征

用原位聚合法制备了MC尼龙6／SiO2纳米复合材料。当纳米SiO2的加入量为1％时，复合材料的力学综合性能最优。与纯MC尼龙相比，拉伸强度提高21％，弯曲模量提高40．3％，简支梁冲击强度提高69．1％，断裂伸长率降低43％。随着纳米SiO2含量的增加，复合材料的力学性能呈现降低趋势。采用SEM、XRD和DSC对产物进行了表征，表明采用修饰后的纳米SiO2加入到产物中，粒子分布均匀，粒径分布窄，粒子的粒径在30nm左右。随着纳米SiO2加入量的增加，MC尼龙6／SiO2纳米复合材料的结晶度下降。复合材料的熔点比未改性的纯MC尼龙6提高了2～3℃左右。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料，介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比，介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序，对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

Inorganic/organic nanocomposite coatings: The next step in coating performance

Inorganic/organic hybrid materials have considerable promise and are beginning to become a major area of research for many coating usages, including abrasion and corrosion resistance. Our primary approach is to prepare the inorganic phase in situ within the film formation process of the organic phase. The inorganic phase is introduced via sol-gel chemistry into a thermosetting organic phase. By this method, the size, periodicity, spatial positioning, and density of the inorganic phase can be controlled. An important aspect of the inorganic/organic hybrid materials is the coupling agent. The initial task of the coupling agent is to provide uniform mixing of the oligomeric organic phase with the sol-gel precursors, which are otherwise immiscible. UV-curable inorganic/organic hybrid systems have the advantages of a rapid cure and the ability to be used on heat sensitive substrates such as molded plastics. Also, it is possible to have better control of the growth of the inorganic phase using UV curing. It is our ultimate goal to completely separate the curing of inorganic and organic phases to gain complete control over the morphology, and hence optimization of “all” the coating properties. Thus far, it has been found that concomitant UV curing of the inorganic and organic phases using titanium sol-gel precursors afforded nanocomposite coatings which completely block the substrate from UV light while maintaining a transparent to visible light. Also, it has been found that the morphology of the inorganic phase is highly dependent on the concentration and reactivity of the coupling agent. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004, in Chicago, IL.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Some Large Wood-Boring Beetles in Southeastern USA

Ethanol and α-pinene were tested as attractants for large wood-boring pine beetles in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina in 2002–2004. Multiple-funnel traps baited with (−)-α-pinene (released at about 2 g/d at 25–28°C) were attractive to the following Cerambycidae: Acanthocinus nodosus, A. obsoletus, Arhopalus rusticus nubilus, Asemum striatum, Monochamus titillator, Prionus pocularis, Xylotrechus integer, and X. sagittatus sagittatus. Buprestis lineata (Buprestidae), Alaus myops (Elateridae), and Hylobius pales and Pachylobius picivorus (Curculionidae) were also attracted to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene. In many locations, ethanol synergized attraction of the cerambycids Acanthocinus nodosus, A. obsoletus, Arhopalus r. nubilus, Monochamus titillator, and Xylotrechus s. sagittatus (but not Asemum striatum, Prionus pocularis, or Xylotrechus integer) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene. Similarly, attraction of Alaus myops, Hylobius pales, and Pachylobius picivorus (but not Buprestis lineata) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene was synergized by ethanol. These results provide support for the use of traps baited with ethanol and (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common large wood-boring beetles from the southeastern region of the USA at ports-of-entry in other countries, as well as forested areas in the USA.