自组装制备功能磁性纳米材料研究进展

利用分子自组装技术制备的功能磁性纳米材料在生物医学、生物传感器、工业催化和电磁导体等方面的研究进展及应用前景.     

有机-无机纳米复合气敏材料研究进展

对有机-无机纳米复合气敏材料的最新研究进展进行了综述,并着重论述了有机-无机纳米复合薄膜的制备方法、气敏材料的性能、气敏机理探索三个方面.分析了有机-无机纳米复合气敏材料的发展优势,并对其今后的发展方向进行了展望.     

层状类钙钛矿结构有机-无机杂合物的结构与性能

层状类钙钛矿结构有机-无机杂合物是由有机、无机组元在分子尺度上组装而成的一类新材料,其结构和能带具有可设计可控性,因此应用前景广阔.综述了层状类钙钛矿杂合物的结构形成规则和组成、结构变化对能带及其电子学性能的影响.     

Surface nanopatterning by organic/inorganic self-assembly and selective local functionalization

Patterning silicon surfaces by well-ordered nanoperforated TiO(2) layers is achieved through a simple block copolymer-assisted liquid deposition technique followed by direct thermal treatment. The crater diameters are tuned between 10 and 50 nm, depending on the molecular weight of the surfactant patterning agent. The formation mechanism of such systems is discussed. The present nanopatterned heterogeneous surfaces (nanoholes with SiO(2) bottom surfaces and TiO(2) walls) are selectively functionalized with two different perfluorinated organic groups. The accessibility to the substrate surface through such nanoholes and the selective distribution of both functions on the surface is evidenced by water-contact-angle measurements, which satisfactorily verify the Cassie relationship. Such systems have wide application prospects in varied fields such as nanotechnology and engineering.     

微波诱导燃烧法制备无机纳米材料的研究进展

近年来纳米材料的制备方法受到人们的广泛关注,出现了与之相关的大量专利文献报道.而微波诱导燃烧法制备纳米材料,操作简单易行、无需煅烧、所得产物粒径小、分布比较均匀.本文综述了微波诱导燃烧法的产生和发展,以及在制备一些简单纳米氧化物、纳米复合物、纳米金属及合金、无机纳米材料等几个方面的实际应用.最后展望了这一领域的应用和发展前景.     

Shape and complexity at the atomic scale: the case of layered nanomaterials

In nature there are numerous layered compounds, some of which could be curved so as to form fascinating nanoshapes with novel properties. Graphite is at present the main example of a very flexible layered structure, which is able to form cylinders (nanotubes) and cages (fullerenes), but there are others. While fullerenes possess positive curvature due to pentagonal rings of carbon, there are other structures which could include heptagonal or higher membered rings. In fact, fullerenes and nanotubes could display negative curvature, thus forming nanomaterials possessing unexpected electronic and mechanical properties. The effect of curvature in other nano-architectures, such as in boron nitride and metal dichalcogenides, is also discussed in this account. Electron irradiation is a tool able to increase the structural complexity of layered materials. In this context, we describe the coalescence of carbon nanotubes and C(60) molecules. The latter results now open up an alternative approach to producing and manipulating novel nanomaterials in the twenty-first century.     

The influence of the organic/inorganic interface on the organic-inorganic hybrid solar cells

Organic-inorganic hybrid solar cells based on poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and (6,6)-phenyl C61 butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) hybridized with ZnO nanorods were fabricated by growing vertical ZnO nanorods on indium tin oxide (ITO) substrates and filling with bulk heterojunction polymers (P3HT:PCBM). The interface between the organic and inorganic nanostructures influences the performance of the organic-inorganic hybrid solar cells. In this paper, the influence of the state of the P3HT:PCBM/ZnO interface on the performance of organic-inorganic hybrid solar cells is examined. The solar cell performance was high when the P3HT:PCBM/ZnO junction area was large. The charge separation is effective when the active layer/electron transport layer junction area is large, resulting in increasing photocurrent and a high conversion efficiency. The bulk-heterojunction polymer concentration was kept low to infiltrate into the ZnO nanorods, resulting in a large active layer/electron transport layer junction area.     

Self-assembled nanocomposite of organic-inorganic hybrid: 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate in Zn-Al hydrotalcite-like layers

Hydrotalcite-like inorganic layers of Zn-Al, a host containing an organic moiety, 2,4-dichlorophenoxy-acetate, as a guest, was prepared by the spontaneous self-assembly method from an aqueous solution for the formation of a new layered organic-inorganic hybrid nanocomposite material. In this synthesis, the host- and guest-forming species were simultaneously included in the mother liquor, aged, and separated. Various Zn/Al ratios (R = 2, 3, and 4), concentrations of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (0.03-0.1 M), and pH (7 and 10) were studied to optimize the formation of the layered nancomposite. It was found that the optimum conditions for the formation of the nanocomposite were R = 4, pH 7, and concentration of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid = 0.08 M. X-ray diffraction shows that this sample affords a nanolayered structure with a basal spacing of 24.6 A.     

Photothermal properties of inorganic nanomaterials as therapeutic agents for cancer thermotherapy

In recent years, gold (Au) nanoparticles (NPs) and single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) have attracted significant attention as potent therapeutic agents for cancer thermotherapy. In this paper the photothermal properties of inorganic nanomaterials including porous silicon (PSi), titania (TiO2) nanotubes (NTs), TiO2 NPs, and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), Au NPs and SWCNTs have been systematically investigated. PSi shows by far the largest temperature rise (deltaT), TiO2 NTs the second largest deltaT, and MWCNTs the smallest deltaT upon exposure to near-infrared (NIR) laser. The high photothermal effect of PSi has been found to be attributed to the high absorbance and the high surface-to-volume ratio due to the numerous micropores in PSi In addition, the factors affecting the photothermal effects of nanomaterials have been discussed. Our results suggest that PSi and TiO2 NTs are also potential therapeutic agents for cancer thermotherapy with excellent photothermal properties as well as high biocompatibility.     

Layer-by-layer self-assembly of polyimide precursor/layered double hydroxide ultrathin films

The layer-by-layer (LBL) self-assembly has been extensively used as a simple and effective method for the preparation of polyelectrolyte multilayer films. In this work, we utilized this unique method to prepare polyimide precursor/layered double hydroxide (LDH) ultrathin films. Well-crystallized Co-Al-CO₃ LDH and subsequent anion exchanged Co-Al-NO₃ LDH were prepared and characterized by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD). By vigorous shaking of the as-prepared Co-Al-NO₃ LDH, positively charged and exfoliated LDH nanosheets were obtained. Atomic force microscopy and XRD investigations indicated the delamination of LDH nanosheets. The precursor of polyimide, poly(amic acid) tertiary amine salt (PAS) was prepared by the polycondensation of dianhydride and diamine, and subsequent amine salt formation. By using the LBL method, heterogeneous ultrathin films of PAS and LDH were prepared. The formation of the ordered nanostructured assemblies was confirmed by the progressive enhancement of UV absorbance and the XRD results.     

Computer modeling of helical sensitive elements with layered filling

An examination is made of the particular features of computer modeling of helical sensitive elements with layered filling which are used to monitor and measure the parameters of liquids and materials having high values of relative permittivity and permeability. Translated from Izmeritel'naya Tekhnika, No. 3, pp. 61–64, March, 1999.     

A comparison of layered metal-semiconductor optical position sensitive detectors

Position sensitive detectors (PSDs), utilize the lateral photovoltaic effect to produce an electrical output that varies linearly with the position of a light spot incident on a semiconductor junction. In fabricating PSDs, two key elements are optimized: the sensitivity, (mV/increment) and the linearity of the electrical output. Sensitivity is optimized by varying properties of the junction layers, particularly resistivity, while linearity is determined primarily by junction uniformity. In this paper, Schottky barrier PSDs are fabricated from the electron-beam deposition of titanium, tantalum and aluminum on to p-type silicon substrates. Devices were tested under focused broad-band white light and the sensitivities and linearities, for the different metals with varying thicknesses, are compared. Overall, Ti and Ta PSDs performed very well over a large range of film thicknesses, 50 to 2000 /spl Aring/, while Al was more limited. The best of all the devices fabricated so far was one with 380 /spl Aring/ film of Ti, giving a sensitivity, or output, of 10.62 mV/mm while maintaining excellent linearity and spatial resolution. The best aluminum devices were obtained with a 100 /spl Aring/ film and resulted in a sensitivity of 8.84 mV/mm and a spatial resolution of better than 10 /spl mu/m. Of the tantalum devices, film thicknesses of around 200 /spl Aring/ produced the highest sensitivities.     

无机纳米材料填充混合基质反渗透膜的研究进展

反渗透是一种以渗透压为推动力,从溶液中分离出溶剂的操作,以能耗低、成本低和环境友好等优势成为了脱盐领域的主流技术,主导着全球海水/苦咸水淡化市场.作为反渗透的核心,反渗透膜仍然存在着水通量、截盐率难以满足日益提升的需求和耐久性不足的问题.以无机纳米材料为基础的混合基质反渗透膜的发展为解决这一难题注入了新的活力,已有较多...     

A three-layer model of self-assembly induced surface-energy variation experimentally extracted by using nanomechanically sensitive cantilevers

This research is aimed at elucidating surface-energy (or interfacial energy) variation during the process of molecule-layer self-assembly on a solid surface. A quasi-quantitative plotting model is proposed and established to distinguish the surface-energy variation contributed by the three characteristic layers of a thiol-on-gold self-assembled monolayer (SAM), namely the assembly-medium correlative gold/head-group layer, the chain/chain interaction layer and the tail/medium layer, respectively. The data for building the model are experimentally extracted from a set of correlative thiol self-assemblies in different media. The variation in surface-energy during self-assembly is obtained by in situ recording of the self-assembly induced nanomechanical surface-stress using integrated micro-cantilever sensors. Based on the correlative self-assembly experiment, and by using the nanomechanically sensitive self-sensing cantilevers to monitor the self-assembly induced surface-stressin situ, the experimentally extracted separate contributions of the three layers to the overall surface-energy change aid a comprehensive understanding of the self-assembly mechanism. Moreover, the quasi-quantitative modeling method is helpful for optimal design, molecule synthesis and performance evaluation of molecule self-assembly for application-specific surface functionalization.     

Patterning of pH sensitive fluorescent bipyridazine derivatives

A pH sensitive pipeprazine substituted bipyridazine fluorophore, DPP-BPDZ was explored as a pH sensor in solution and thin film state. Greenish highly fluorescent solution of the DPP-BPDZ with fluorescence quantum yield of 0.63 showed fluorescence decrease as the acetic acid concentration of the media was increased. The fluorescence quenching was correlated linearly with the content of acetic acid dose and attributed to the protonation at the terminal piperazine group. An acid sensitive film was fabricated using a transparent polymeric host (PMMA) and the DPP-BPDZ dye molecules as a guest. The resultant bright green fluorescent film (1.4 microm thick) showed exponential decrease of the fluorescence intensity as the pH of the dipping solution was decreased. In the range of pH below 4.5, the film sensitivity to pH was higher than the pH range over 4.5. A patternable film sensor was fabricated by introducing a photo acid generator (PAG) layer on the dye layer. Fluorescence patterns was formed on the film sensor through a photo-mask by relatively weak power of UV light (0.4 mW/cm2). Fluorescent line patterns having 10 microm line width were obtained with high fluorescence contrast between the patterns.     

Effective transverse conductivity of layered materials with through cracks in the layers

The problem of the transverse conductivity of a multilayered packet when loaded in the same plane as the layers, which are mechanically independent, in the presence of or on the generation of a number of through cracks in the layers under load is analyzed.Translated from Inzhenerno-Fizicheskii Zhurnal, Vol. 30, No. 5, pp. 868–875, May, 1976.     

有机-无机分子组装层状类钙钛矿结构与特性

有机-无机分子组装层状类钙钛矿材料在分子水平上结合了有机组分和无机组分的优点，无机组分通过强的共价键或离子键形成扩展的骨架，并将有机组分填入框架中形成有机层与无机层交替的结构，具有某些电学、光学、磁学等特性。在此主要介绍了有机-无机分子组装层状类钙钛矿材料的结构及相关的性能研究。     

Study of bi-enzyme immobilization onto layered double hydroxides nanomaterials for histamine biosensor application

In this work, we present the development of a hybrid biomembrane based on the immobilization of diamine oxidase (DAO) into LDH thin films for histamine detection. The LDHs preselected as host matrixes are: hydrotalcites (Mg2Al(CO3)0.5(OH)6), lowaite (Mg4Fe(OH)10Cl) and hydrocalumite (Ca2Al(OH)6Cl). The immobilized probes were characterized by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and attenuated total reflection infrared spectroscopy (IR-ATR mode). The analysis of these results shows that the immobilization of DAO occurs with all type of selected LDH and is stable after a 7 day-immersion in phosphate buffer solution. The LDH incorporating magnesium or calcium divalent cations present high-quality surface topology for DAO immobilization and the ability to keep the enzyme in a well conformation for biogenic amines catabolism and histamine detection.     

High-temperature chemical and microstructural transformations of an organic-inorganic nanohybrid captopril intercalated Mg-Al layered double hydroxide

The thermal evolution of a crystalline organic-inorganic nanohybrid captopril intercalated Mg-Al layered double hydroxide (LDH) [Mg_0.68Al_0.32(OH)₂] (C₉H₁₃NO₃S)_0.130(CO₃)_0.030·0.53H₂O obtained by coprecipitation method is studied based upon in situ high-temperature X-ray diffraction, in situ infrared and thermogravimetric analysis coupled with mass spectroscopy analysis. The results reveal that a metastable quasi-interstratified layered nanohybrid involving carbonate-LDH and reoriented less ordered captopril-LDH was firstly observed as captopril-LDH heat-treated between 140 and 230 °C. The major decomposition/combustion of interlayer organics occur between 270 and 550 °C. A schematic model on chemical and microstructural evolution of this particular drug-inorganic nanohybrid upon heating in air atmosphere is proposed.