白玉凤尾蕨孢子繁殖技术的研究

 研究了白玉凤尾蕨( Pteris cretica ‘Albo-lineata’) 孢子的无菌培养和常规繁殖方法。结果表明: 孢子萌发为书带蕨型, 配子体发育为水蕨型。1 /2MS培养基中萌发率最高, 可达82.3%; 低于2%的蔗糖浓度较适于孢子的萌发; MS培养基中配子体成苗率最高, 可达53.4%; 试管苗移栽成活率可达80%以上。草炭土+河沙(体积比1∶1) 是播种孢子的理想基质, 配子体成苗率达8912%; 当幼孢子体苗的第1片子叶长至1～2 cm长时分苗, 移栽到草炭土+蛭石+素砂+有机肥(体积比4∶2∶2∶1) 的栽培基质上,移栽成活率最高, 可达98.1%。幼孢子体苗长至10 cm左右时已经具有一定的观赏价值。     

西南凤尾蕨（Pteris wallichiana Agardh.）发育过程及其孢子的无菌繁殖

研究了西南凤尾蕨的发育过程和孢子的无菌培养方法。结果如下：孢子萌发为书带蕨型,配子体发育为水蕨型。1/2MS培养基中萌发率可达83.3%;MS培养基中配子体成苗率可达55.4%;试管苗移栽成活率可达80%以上。认为利用孢子的无菌繁殖方法进行西南凤尾蕨的规模化生产具有可行性。     

水蕨孢子萌发及配子体发育研究进展

水蕨作为研究植物性别决定和配子体形态建成的模式植物,孢子萌发及配子体发育在其系统发育研究中占重要地位.综述了近20 a来水蕨孢子的发生过程,孢子萌发机制及影响萌发的环境因素,配子体发育及性器官分化、雌雄配子的发生及合子形成过程所取得的成果.     

鹿角蕨的孢子培养及其繁殖

 以大型观叶植物鹿角蕨（Platycerium wallichii Hook.）为材料,采用无菌培养和常规繁殖方法,研究其孢子培养及幼苗的复壮。结果表明：孢子萌发适宜温度为20 ~ 30 ℃;在黑暗条件下孢子不萌发,孢子萌发和配子体发育最适光照强度为60 ~ 80 μmol · m^-2 · s^-1;配子体在pH 4.5 ~ 7.5的范围都可以正常发育;蔗糖浓度小于等于2%的培养条件更利于孢子的萌发及原叶体的形成。当幼孢苗发育到2 ~ 3 cm时即可移栽,移栽适宜的基质为腐殖土︰河沙︰有机肥 = 4︰2︰1;幼孢苗复壮4个月左右,株高约10 cm时即具有一定的观赏价值。     

巢蕨的孢子繁殖与栽培技术

目前栽培中,巢蕨的繁殖方法主要是分株繁殖,因繁殖系数较低,不便运输,限制了巢蕨栽培的发展。因此对其孢子繁殖技术进行了试验研究,取得良好效果,具有操作简便、节省空间、成本低、繁殖量大的特点。     

荚果蕨Matteuccia struthiopteris Todaro孢子繁殖的研究

描述了荚果蕨配子体发育过程,提出最佳孢子萌发环境及基质、配子体发育期间关键的管理措施及幼苗移植方法。     

肾蕨和镰叶肾蕨配子体发育及孢子繁殖研究

 用无菌培养和常规繁殖方法培养肾蕨(Nephrolepis auriculata) 和镰叶肾蕨(N. falcata) 的孢子, 对其配子体发育过程进行形态学观察, 研究不同培养基中孢子的萌发率及成苗情况。结果表明, 两种肾蕨均具有孢子单裂缝、成熟配子体为对称的心形或阔心形、毛状体单细胞、性器较小等共同特征。培养基中无机盐的浓度对孢子萌发及配子体发育状况影响较大。分析了3种含盐量不同的改良Knopps固体培养基及基质培养基的优缺点, 以及培养基中无机盐浓度和蔗糖浓度对这两种植物配子体产生的影响, 表明蔗糖浓度低于2%利于孢子萌发。     

西南凤尾蕨(Pteris wallichiana Agardh.)发育过程及其孢子的无菌繁殖

研究了西南风尾蕨的发育过程和孢子的无菌培养方法.结果如下:孢子萌发为书带蕨型,配子体发育为水蕨型.1/2MS培养基中萌发率可达83.3%;MS培养基中配子体成苗率可达55.4%;试管苗移栽成活率可达80%以上.认为利用孢子的无菌繁殖方法进行西南凤尾蕨的规模化生产具有可行性.     

河北峨眉蕨孢子组织培养与繁殖技术研究

以野生观赏植物河北峨眉蕨的孢子为材料,建立组培快繁体系。结果表明:河北峨眉蕨孢子萌发的最适培养基为1/2MS,原叶体增殖最适培养基为MS+6-BA 0.2 mg/L+NAA0.2 mg/L,孢子体诱导最适培养基为MS+IAA 1.0 mg/L;最适生根培养基为MS+IBA 1.0 mg/L。     

银粉背蕨的配子体发育及孢子繁殖技术的研究

 研究了不同培养条件对银粉背蕨(Aleuritopteris argentea) 孢子萌发、配子体生长发育及孢子体苗形成的影响。结果表明: 银粉背蕨的孢子萌发为书带蕨型, 配子体发育为水蕨型。在4 ℃下分别贮藏0、2、4、6和10个月孢子的萌发时间和萌发率均没有显著差异。对4种常规基质的研究表明, 泥炭土+河沙(体积比1∶1) 是银粉背蕨孢子萌发和生长的最佳基质, 萌发率达65%以上, 成苗率高达83.2%; 而园土和草炭土均不利于配子体的正常生长和发育。对孢子和原叶体的无菌培养结果表明, 在含不同浓度无机盐的培养基中, MS培养基最适于孢子萌发和原叶体生长, 其萌发率高达53.3%; 在1/8MS中孢子没有萌发。在含不同蔗糖浓度的培养基中, 4%的蔗糖对原叶体增殖和发育最佳, 其增殖率最高, 合子胚发生数最多, 成苗时间最短。     

茗葱种子繁殖特性及不同处理对种子发芽的影响

阐述了茖葱种子的繁殖特性。人工移栽6a后的植物每墩可采种子约943粒。无论秋播或春播,种子均要经过1个夏季才能生出胚根,并等到越冬后的次年春天出苗。种子不经低温层积处理可以发芽,但低温层积30～45 d会显著提高发芽率(达88.3%)。用不同浓度的6-苄氨基嘌呤(6-BA)、赤霉素(GA_3)、萘乙酸(NAA)处理种子,测定种子的发芽率。结果表明:直接以GA_3100～150 mg·L~(-1)及NAA 5 mg·L~(-1)浸种24 h,发芽率达到了90%以上。     

不同生境、温度及赤霉素处理对红毛五加种子层积催芽影响

为了提高红毛五加种子的发芽率,通过对红毛五加种子在不同温度条件下、不同浓度赤霉素(GA3)处理及不同生境种子进行层积催芽试验,研究不同层积催芽方法对红毛五加种子胚生长及发芽率影响。结果表明:红毛五加种子采摘后,经过90d左右的18℃高温层积处理过程,完成种子胚后熟生长,即完成种子形态后熟;红毛五加完成了种子胚的形态成熟后处于深度休眠中,4℃低温处理90d基本可以完成红毛五加可萌发种子的休眠过程;一定浓度GA3的有利于种胚在18℃高温条件下形成,种子的胚率提高,发芽率增加;不同生境条件下的红毛五加种子发芽率均存在着显著的差异。     

The effects of temperature on in vitro pollen germination and pollen tube growth of Pistacia spp.

The pollen germination and pollen tube growth among nine Pistacia genotypes was quantified in order to identify differences in the tolerance of pollen to temperature variations. The effect of temperature on in vitro pollen germination and pollen tube growth was investigated in Pistacia vera (Uygur, Atli, Kaska, Sengel, Kavak), P. atlantica, P. khinjuk, P. terebinthus and P. palaestina. When pollen was incubated in a germination medium for 24 h in darkness, distinct differences were observed in pollen germination and pollen tube growth at different temperatures.     

闭锁室内水分、养分及光照强度对番茄幼苗生长的影响

以中杂9号番茄为供试品种,采用72孔穴盘,在闭锁型育苗系统内进行番茄穴盘育苗的不同水分、养分及光照强度试验,测定番茄幼苗叶片数、株高、茎粗、地上部和地下部干质量、根冠比、壮苗指数、叶绿素含量等指标。结果表明,闭锁型育苗系统内基质相对含水量为70%～80%、每2d每盘浇灌1次1倍山崎配方营养液500mL和光照强度为320μmol.m-2.s-1时,幼苗生长明显好于其他处理。     

高温强光对花叶蔓长春花生理指标的影响

于2009年4月和8月对花叶蔓长春花的色素、光合和荧光参数的变化进行测定。结果表明:花叶蔓长春花的总叶绿素含量相对较高,不同叶位间成熟叶片的叶绿素含量相差不大。花叶蔓长春花为强阳性植物,光补偿点为16μmol.m-2.s-1,光饱和点为652μmol.m-2.s-1,最大的光合速率为6.470μmol.m-2.s-1,呼吸速率为0.923μmol.m-2.s-1;其CO2补偿点为57.6μmol.m-2.s-1,CO2饱和点为691.2μmol.m-2.s-1。花叶蔓长春花的净光合速率的日变化在4月份呈现出单峰曲线,最大值为6.1μmol.m-2.s-1,出现在12:00;8月份净光合速率的日变化呈现出双峰曲线,最大值分别出现在12:00点和14:00点,其最大值分别是6.2和6.1μmol.m-2.s-1。高温强光虽然对花叶蔓长春花有一定的影响,荧光产量增加,表现为Fo、Fm、Fo’和Fm’值增加;电子传递速率ETR值下降;PSⅡ实际的光化学量子效率ΦPSⅡ下降;但是整体变化幅度较小。花叶蔓长春花能适应8月23日平均气温为32℃,最高光强达2 130μmol.m-2.s-1的高温强光,也与净光合速率的日变化、光饱和点的测定数据相一致。     

不同尺寸袋培对黄瓜生长发育和产量的影响

以聚丙烯编织袋(蛇皮袋)为材料做成6种不同尺寸基质栽培袋,分别为(边长×边长,单位:cm):20×25(T1)、25×30(T2)、30×30(T3)、30×35(T4)、35×35(T5)、35×40(T6),分别装入2.5、4、5、6.5、8.5、10 L体积比为2∶1的草炭和蛭石的混合基质中;以T5为对照,在日光温室内栽培"津春4号"黄瓜,研究了不同尺寸的栽培袋对黄瓜生长发育、产量和品质的影响。结果表明:装入5 L基质的T3处理接近于对照水平,少于5 L的栽培袋产量急剧下降,高于5 L的处理增产幅度变得较小,且差异不显著,在生产中装入5 L基质的栽培袋比较适合单株黄瓜的栽培。     

Floral induction (FI) in longan (Dimocarpus longan, Lour.) trees. III: Effect of shading the trees on potassium chlorate induced FI and resulting hormonal changes in leaves and shoots

Previous experiments demonstrated that treatment of longan trees with potassium chlorate (KClO₃) induces “off season floral induction” (FI) even in the absence of the naturally required cool temperature [Manochai, P., Sruamsiri, P., Wiriya-alongkorn, W., Naphrom, D., Hegele, M., Bangerth, F., 2005. Year around off season flower induction in longan (Dimocarpus longan, Lour.) trees by KClO₃ applications: potentials and problems. Sci. Hortic. 104, 379–390]. Potassium chlorate, however, cannot replace the presence of functional mature leaves and sufficient light intensity. Here we examined in more detail the effect of shade (about 10% of natural sunlight) on KClO₃ affected hormone concentrations/transport of leaves and shoot apical buds (SAB) and their interactions with FI.     

高温胁迫对黄瓜花药中Ca2+ 分布、ABA含量及蛋白质合成的影响

 经45℃处理1 h后黄瓜热敏品系新泰密刺单核花粉期花药胞内Ca²⁺水平上升较耐热品系JY24快, 但在温度恢复28℃后其钙稳态恢复较慢; 45℃处理1 h后新泰密刺花药内源ABA含量上升幅度比JY24大, 恢复28℃后下降速度也较快; 高温处理未能造成此期黄瓜花药新蛋白质的合成, 但蛋白(MW 70 kD,p I 5.7和MW 45.5 kD, p I 5.6) 的表达热激后大幅度上调, 且在JY24中的表达水平显著高于新泰密刺。上述结果表明, Ca²⁺和ABA均参与了黄瓜花药对高温胁迫的反应调节; 黄瓜单核花粉期花药中热激蛋白的合成至少已被部分抑制。     

The effect of nitrogen source and concentration,medium pH and buffering on in vitro shoot growth and rooting in Eucalyptus marginata

This work examined the effect of nitrogen source and medium buffering on the micropropagation of Eucalyptus marginata Donn ex Sm. The number of shoots was increased when media contained 2-(N-morpholino) ethanesulfonic acid (MES) but this increase was minor and only applied to one of the two clones tested. Highest root production was obtained when the medium contained 7.5 mM nitrogen in a ratio of 2NO₃⁻:1NH₄⁺ and was buffered with 10 mM MES. In the rooting medium the pH was influenced most significantly by the nitrogen source, and then whether the medium was buffered. The media pH remained relatively constant when nitrate was the sole nitrogen source and this was assisted by the addition of 10 mM MES. Lower concentrations (<10 mM) of MES were less effective in buffering media over a four-week culture period in both shoot multiplication and rooting medium.     

Effect of position and orientation of leaflet explants with respect to plant growth regulators on micropropagation of Zamioculcas zamiifolia Engl. (ZZ)

Micropropagation studies on Zamioculcas zamiifolia Engl. (ZZ) as to the position and orientation of leaflet explants and plant growth regulators were carried out. Explants consisted of leaflet lamina from the basal or apical part of the leaflet with or without petiolule or midrib that were placed vertically into the medium except for the explants with midrib from the basal part of the leaflet that were placed horizontally as well. The explants were cultured on solid Murashige and Skoog medium (MS) with 30 g l⁻¹ sucrose, supplemented with 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) at 2 or 4 mg l⁻¹ and 6-benzyladenine (BA) at 0 or 4.44 μM in all (four) possible combinations, or with 1-naphteleneacetic acid (NAA) at 0 or 5.38 μM and BA at 0 or 4.44 μM in all (four) possible combinations (establishment medium). The morphogenic response was direct from all types of leaflet explants and varied only with respect to different plant growth regulators of the medium: 2,4-D combined or not with BA formed somatic embryo-like structures; NAA alone produced tubers and roots; BA alone resulted mainly in leaves; NAA combined with BA produced mainly roots. The intensity of the response varied accordingly to the explant type and orientation. Explants with petiolule or midrib from the basal part of the leaflet showed the highest morphogenic response compared to explants without petiolule or midrib or to explants from the apical part of the leaflet, in all the plant growth regulator combinations used. Explants with midrib from the basal part of the leaflet placed vertically into the media showed higher morphogenic response compared to those placed horizontally on the medium surface. With the objective to regenerate plantlets, explants were subcultured on MS with NAA and BA at various concentrations based on the explant response in the establishment medium, taking into consideration the initial explant type. The initial explant type did not affect the response in the subculture. Most plantlets (a tuber with roots and one leaf with one pair of leaflets) were produced by explants with embryo-like structures induced in a medium with only 2,4-D. Explants with tubers induced in a medium with NAA gave plantlets at 65–85% when subcultured in a medium with 4.44 μM BA alone or in combination with 2.69 μM NAA. Explants with leaves induced in a medium with BA and explants with roots induced in a medium with NAA and BA gave plantlets at low percentages (20–40%). The best response was produced by explants with embryo like structures induced in a medium with only 2,4-D which gave plantlets at 100% when subcultured in the medium with 2.69 μM NAA and 2.22 μM BA. Plantlets raised in different treatments were transplanted ex vitro after 22 weeks and exhibited 80–100% survival.