阴离子交换色谱法分离含钴溶液中锌、镉、铜等杂质

采用阴离子交换色谱法,研究了某锌厂冶炼废渣的硫酸化焙砂浸出液中钴与锌、镉、铜等杂质离子的分离工艺,确定了最佳工艺参数：将料液配制成含2 mol/L Cl–1和0.1 mol/L Na2SO3的溶液,调节pH值为 4.5,搅拌数分钟,料液pH值降低至 4.0后,用201?7阴离子交换色谱柱进行分离,柱后流出液中锌、镉、铜等杂质的含量达到钴冶金工艺要求,钴的损失为0.7%左右.     

铜离子在硫酸锌电解液深度净化除钴中的作用

对Cu2+在湿法炼锌浸出液锑盐法深度净化除钴过程中的作用进行了研究. 考察了钴离子浓度达到深度净化浓度([Co2+]<0.1 mg/L)的时间、低于该浓度的持续时间及所需初始铜离子浓度([Cu2+]0)等因素,综合衡量除钴效果,得到优化实验条件为：[Co2+]0=15 mg/L时,钴/锑质量比(Co/Sb)=2:1,[Cu2+]0=200 mg/L,达到深度净化浓度的时间和保持该浓度的时间分别是25和70 min;[Co2+]0=7.5 mg/L时,Co/Sb=2:1,[Cu2+]0=100 mg/L,达到和保持深度净化浓度的时间分别是40和55 min. 搅拌转速对除钴效果影响不大,高转速有利于钴返溶,返溶的原因可能是沉积的碱式钴盐溶解.     

6-羟基-2-萘磺酸铜、镁、锌、钴、镍配合物的合成和结构表征

6-羟基-2-萘磺酸钠分别和CuSO4,MgSO4,ZnSO4、Co(phen)3Cl2反应,物质的量比为5∶1,得到一系列铜、镁、锌、钴、镍配合物并通过红外和元素分析确定结构。测定了钴的配合物的单晶结构,结果表明,钴配合物1属于三斜晶系,P-1空间群,a=12.4120(15),b=12.4711(16),c=20.090(2),α=90.0450(10)°,β=103.161(2)°,γ=113.519(2)°,V=2761.9(6)3,Z=2。     

Exploring Lower Limits of Plant Elemental Defense by Cobalt, Copper, Nickel, and Zinc

Elemental defense is a relatively newly recognized phenomenon in which plants use elements present in their tissue to reduce damage by herbivores or pathogens. In the present study, neonates of the generalist herbivore, Spodoptera exigua (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), were fed artificial diets amended with varying concentrations of Co, Cu, Ni, and Zn that are hyperaccumulated by plants to determine minimum lethal concentrations (MLC) and minimum sublethal concentrations (MSC) for each metal. MLC values (dry mass) for Co (45 μg/g), Ni (230 μg/g), and Zn (280 μg/g) were below published minimum hyperaccumulator levels. MSC levels (dry mass) for Co (15 μg/g), Ni (140 μg/g), and Zn (200 μg/g) were at concentrations lower than published minimum accumulator levels. Furthermore, both MLC and MSC values for Zn were within normal tissue concentrations. These results indicate that elemental defense for Co, Ni, and Zn may be effective at concentrations lower than hyperaccumulator levels and so may be more widespread than previously believed.     

Crystallization and Transformation of Aluminum Orthophosphates in Organic Solvent Containing a Small Amount of Water

Aluminum orthophosphate (AlPO₄) samples were synthesized by high-temperature (200-300°C) hydrolysis of a mixture of aluminum triisopropoxide and triethyl phosphate with a small amount of water dissolved in an organic solvent from the gas phase. At 250°C, cristobalite-type AlPO₄, which is the metastable phase at that temperature, was first crystallized from the amorphous phase and then transformed to stable quartz-type AlPO₄ (berlinite) with a prolonged reaction time. When the amount of water charged into the system was increased, berlinite was formed immediately. The formation of the metastable phase could be attributed to the low solubility of AlPO₄ in the organic solvent containing a small amount of water.     

The Extraction of Divalent Manganese,Cobalt, Copper,Zinc, and Cadmium from Hydrochloric Acid Solutions by Tri-n-octylamine

Abstract

The distribution of divalent manganese, cobalt, copper, zinc, and cadmium between hydrochloric acid solutions and solutions of tri-n-octylamine (TOA, R₃N) in benzene has been investigated under different conditions. It is found that the extraction of these divalent metals by TOA proceeds as MCl₂(aq) + 2R₃NHCl(org) ? (R₃NH)₂MCl₄(org). The electronic, electron spin resonance, and infrared spectral results indicate that all the complexes formed in the organic phases are in a tetrahedral arrangement. Further, the stability constants of the aqueous chloro complexes of divalent manganese, cobalt, copper, and zinc are determined on the basis of the equilibrium equation.     

A kinetic study of precipitate flotation of Zinc(II), Cobalt(II) and Copper(II) hydroxides

An experimental kinetic study has been completed on precipitate flotation of Zn(II), Co(II) and Cu(II) hydroxides (initial metal concentration 1 × 10^?-2M) with the anionic surfactant, sodium dodecyl benzenesulphonate (1 × 10^?-4M), at varying equilibrium pH. An original radioactive isotope procedure was applied and proved to be sufficiently accurate. Kinetic equations of Rubin and co-workers were found to be relevant for precipitate flotation of hydroxides. From the flotation rate constant (k_p) determined at varying equilibrium pH of floated suspensions it appeared that the selective flotation of individual compounds from mixed precipitate was possible as a result of the ‘kinetic effect’.     

含钴锌渣的回收利用

介绍了锌冶炼厂废渣中钴的回收工艺,对各步工艺条件进行了探讨。     

酸性含铜电镀废水处理

0 前言 据不完全统计,我国电镀厂每年排出的废水约40亿m3 [1].电镀废水不仅量大,而且对环境污染也严重.由于含有自然界不能降解的重金属离子,因此,对电镀废水的处理历来受到各国政府的重视.对电镀废水处理主要有化学沉淀法、电解法、离子交换法和膜处理法[2]等.化学法是目前国内外应用最广的.化学法处理电镀废水具有技术成熟、投资小、处理成本低、适应性强、管理方便、自动化程度高等诸多优点,加上砂滤能使出水水质澄清,达标排放,不失为既经济又有效的一种方法.本文研究了氢氧化钠中和沉淀酸性含铜电镀废水的影响因素,得到了重金属铜去除率较高的反应条件.     

铁氰化铜钴复合膜的制备及其电化学性能

采用电沉积法在铂基体上制备出电活性铁氰化铜钴复合膜.在0.1mol/LKNO3溶液中采用循环伏安法并结合电化学石英晶体微天平技术考察了复合膜的电化学行为以及循环寿命.并在0.1mol/L(KNO3+CsNO3)溶液中测定不同混合浓度下复合薄膜的伏安曲线,分析了薄膜对Cs+和K+的选择性.实验表明:铁氰化铜钴复合膜是一种取代型杂化铁氰化物,非单一膜的简单组合.具有良好的离子交换特性及选择性,且循环寿命好于单膜,具备电化学控制离子分离膜的初步特征.     

Particle Size Comparison of Hydrothermally Synthesized Cobalt and Zinc Aluminate Spinels

Nanosized CoAl₂O₄ and ZnAl₂O₄ powders with particle sizes of 67 and 6.5 nm are synthesized under hydrothermal conditions at 245°C for 20 h. The precursors are reacted at different temperatures to provide intermediate phase transformations using X-ray diffraction (XRD), infrared (IR) spectra, and thermal gravity and differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA). XRD patterns and IR spectra demonstrate that the CoAl layered double hydroxide structure (CoAl-LDHs) is more stable than ZnAl layered double hydroxide structure (ZnAl-LDHs) when they are hydrothermally treated. The different thermal stability of the CoAl- and ZnAl-LDHs results in the different aluminum source, e.g., β-Al(OH)₃ for ZnAl₂O₄ vs γ-AlO(OH) for CoAl₂O₄, when the aluminate spinels are formed. The different aluminum sources lead to the particle size difference. The phenomenon is reasonably expounded based on the nucleation theory from the microscopic scale.     

湿法炼锌中除钴工艺现状研究与发展

对湿法炼锌硫酸锌溶液净化除钴工艺作了简要介绍,分别介绍了目前工业上应用的两大类方法:一类为加有机试剂(黄药、β-萘酚)除钴;另一类为锌粉置换除钴。并对新的除钴方法进行了介绍。分析比较了各种方法的优缺点。     

含锌磷酸硅铝分子筛的合成及表征

采用水热合成法,二乙烯三胺(DETA)为模板剂,通过调节模板剂的用量、p H、晶化温度和晶化时间,合成出含锌分子筛,得到合成原料的最佳配比为:n(P2O5)∶n(H2O)∶n(Si O2)∶n(Al2O3)∶n(Zn)∶(DETA)=0.18∶0.85∶0.15∶0.04∶0.10∶0.25,在550℃时恒温4 h,除去模板剂二乙烯三胺,并通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、热重(TG)及红外光谱(IR)等方法对合成的分子筛进行了表征,结果表明,合成的分子筛纯度较高,形貌为立方体,热重曲线表明所合成的分子筛具有良好的热稳定性。     

Synthesis and Characterization of Oxyanion‐Doped Cobalt Containing Perovskites

In this paper, we report the incorporation of borate, silicate and phosphate into La_0.6Sr_0.4Co_0.8Fe_0.2O_3–δ (LSCF) and Sr_0.9Y_0.1CoO_3–δ (SYC) cathode materials for solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). In the former, an increase in the electronic conductivity was observed, which can be correlated with electron doping due to the oxyanion doping favoring the introduction of oxide ion vacancies. The highest conductivity was observed for La_0.6Sr_0.4Co_0.76Fe_0.19B_0.05O_3–δ, 1190 S cm^–1 at 700 °C, in comparison with 431 S cm^–1 for undoped La_0.6Sr_0.4Co_0.8Fe_0.2O_3–δ at the same temperature. For Sr_0.9Y_0.1CoO_3–δ series the conductivity suffers a decrease on doping, attributed to any effect of electron doping being outweighed by the effect of partial disruption of the electronic conduction pathways by the oxyanion. Composites of these cathode materials with 50% CGO10 were examined on dense CGO10 pellets and the area‐specific resistances (ASR) in symmetrical cells were determined. The ASR values, at 800 °C, were 0.20, 0.08 and 0.11 Ω cm² for La_0.6Sr_0.4Co_0.8Fe_0.2O_3–δ, La_0.6Sr_0.4Co_0.76Fe_0.19B_0.05O_3–δ and La_0.6Sr_0.4Co_0.78Fe_0.195Si_0.025O_3–δ, respectively. For the SYC materials, the oxyanion‐doped compositions also showed an improvement in the ASR values with respect to the parent compounds, despite the lower electronic conductivity in these cases. This observation may be due to an increase in ionic conductivity due to oxyanion incorporation leading to the formation of oxide ion vacancies. In addition, the stability of these systems towards CO₂ was studied. For La_0.6Sr_0.4Co_0.8(1–x)Fe_0.2(1–x)M_xO_3–δ series, all compositions showed no evidence for reactivity with CO₂ between RT and 1000 °C. On the other hand, for the Sr_0.9Y_0.1Co_1–xM_xO_3–δ series, some reactivity was observed, although the CO₂ stability was shown to be improved on oxyanion doping. Thus, these results show that oxyanion doping can have a beneficial effect on the performance of perovskite cobaltite cathode materials.     

石灰法处理铜、锌废水研究

本研究通过对模拟废水分析测定,主要研究了石灰沉淀法处理方法的去除效果和药剂投加量,投药比例,运行时间,pH值的最优条件综合分析。根据实验目的和实际情况,使用硫酸铜、硫酸锌、硫酸铅、硫酸镉、配置成的含Cu~(2+)、Zn~(2+)的浓度分别为0.4 g/L、0.2 g/L。石灰沉淀法处理重金属废水有较好的效果,其中沉淀剂为石灰,混凝剂为聚丙烯酰胺。其最优的操作条件为:反应pH为9;PAM的投加量分别为50 mg/L;快速搅拌过程的搅拌速度为220 rpm,搅拌时间为6 min;慢速搅拌速度为50 rpm,搅拌时间为10 min时。处理后,Cu~(2+)的浓度达到0.001mg/L,Zn~(2+)的浓度达到0.040 mg/L。     

以氢键组装的铜(Ⅱ)、锌(Ⅱ)卟啉超分子构象

考察了 5 -对 - (间羰基苯甲酸 ) -氨基苯基 - 1 0 ,1 5 ,2 0 -三苯基卟啉锌 ( )配合物 ( Zn( m-CPTPP) )、铜 ( )配合物 ( Cu( m- CPTPP) )及 ( Zn( m- CPTPP) )与 5 -对 - (对羰基苯甲酸 ) -氨基苯基 -1 0 ,1 5 ,2 0 -三苯基卟啉铜 ( ) ( Cu( p- CPTPP) )通过氢键的超分子自组装行为。上述两体系都通过氢键自组装成超分子。 Zn( m- CPTPP) - Cu( m- CPTPP)体系存在卟啉环间的π-π堆积作用     

含磷的锌基合金的研究现状

简要评述了含磷的锌基合金的研究现状。介绍了Ｚｎ－Ｐ合金镀液中配体和光亮剂的选择、Ｚｎ－Ｐ合金度层中引入第二种金属可以提高镀层中磷含量，同时讨论了Ｚｎ－Ｐ镀层、ＺＺｎ－Ｆｅ－Ｐ镀层的耐蚀性。     

Effect of Complexes of Zinc, Cobalt and Copper With D-Aminosugars on the Replication of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 (HSV-1)

Our previous results show that Zn(pic)(2) and Zn(asp)(2) inhibit key steps of the replication of HSV-1. Anti-HSV effect of complexes of Co(II) with aminoacids Lys and Ser was also found. In the present study we describe the effect of complexes of Zn(II), Co(II) and Cu(II) with D-aminosugars on the replication of HSV-1 and on the infectivity of free virions. The experiments were done using primary rabbit kidney cells (r.k.), diploid human embryonal fibroblasts (F) and Vero cells. No differences in the toxicity of metal complexes on diploid cells- r.k. and F, were found. Neither metal complexes, nor ligands-galactosoxime and glucosoxime, influenced the viral replication. During 1-4h prolonged contact only Cu(Gl.NOH)(2) inactivated HSV-1 virions up to 90%. The results show that D-aminosugars are not suitable ligands for Zn(II), Cu(II) and Co(II) in respect of the inhibition of viral replication. However, only Cu(Gl.NOH)(2) was able to inhibit the infectivity of free virions.