离子交换时间对平面微透镜阵列的透镜元光学特性的影响

采用光刻离子交换工艺制作了半径不同的圆形孔径变折射率平面微透镜阵列,在离子交换过程中分6个时段取样,测量不同开孔大小的变折射率平面微透镜阵列的离子交换深度、宽度和透镜元的焦距、畸变、数值孔径,发现离子交换宽度和深度之比随着离子交换时间增长而减小,在z方向和r方向的离子平均扩散速率逐渐减小,且开孔半径小的变折射率平面微透...     

六角形孔径平面微透镜阵列的制作及基本特性研究

采用光刻离子交换工艺制作了六角形孔径平面微透镜阵列.离子交换后的变折射率区域有微小重叠,填充系数可达95%以上.对制作的六角形孔径平面微透镜进行了折射率分布、数值孔径和像差等光学特性测试,得到的六角形孔径平面微透镜阵列光学性能均匀,成像质量较好的结果.该透镜阵列的研制成功为制作高质量高填充系数透镜阵列及模拟生物复眼光学系统奠定了基础.     

变折射率方形孔径平面微透镜阵列的聚焦和散焦特性

为提高变折射率平面微透镜阵列的填充率,利用光刻工艺和离子交换技术制备了填充率近达100%的方形孔径平面微透镜阵列,并对其透镜元及相邻透元间间隙构成的角落区域的成像进行了理论和实验研究.根据变折射率介质光线追迹法,利用MATLAB软件模拟,发现在透镜元区域和角落区域成像特性相反.成像系统测试表明:由于透镜元区域和角落区域的折射率分布变化规律不同,透镜元与角落区域对物体分别成倒立实像和正立虚像;透镜阵列可实现聚焦和散焦功能;角落区域得到充分的离子交换使得间隙足够小,形成了从该区域中心向外逐渐增大的新型梯度折射率模型.     

测量液体折射率的一种新方法——液芯柱透镜散焦宽度法

本文提出了一种基于消球差复合液芯柱透镜快速、准确测量液体折射率的新方法——液芯柱透镜散焦宽度法.该方法利用消球差复合液芯柱透镜在较宽折射率范围内系统球差小、成像准确的特点,基于不同折射率在成像系统上呈现一一对应的散焦图像,仅需采集一幅散焦图像即可得到待测液体的折射率.用该方法测量了室温(20℃)下21组不同液体的折射率,测量结果与用阿贝折射仪测量结果一致,用ZEMAX和光线追迹逐面成像法仿真的散焦宽度图像与实验图像一致.用该方法测量液体折射率具有系统简单、稳定性好、操作简便、测量速度快等特点.     

分布折射率平面微透镜阵列综述

就分布折射率平面微透镜阵列的发展现状,以及该器件的特性、制造工艺、测试手段和实际应用等作了简单回顾,并分折了该器件的发展趋势。一、概述梯度透镜是一种折射率按某种规律变化的透镜。     

微小光学的研究现状

叙述了微小光学的新进展，对微小光学基本原理给出了简单概括，并对发展动态进行了评论，在微小光学理方面，讨论了“阵列光学”理论，研究了光学阵列的物与共轭象间的关系；在微小光学器件方面，讨论了变折射率透镜，平面微透镜列阵，衍射光学元件和三维集成光学系统；在应用方面，讨论了和并行光通信，光计算有关的一些新应用。     

正透镜参数测定

本运用薄透镜成像理论，讨论了正透镜的三个主要参数——透镜焦距、透镜镜面曲率半径以及透镜材料的折射率的测定，并用实验对该测量原理进行了验证。     

焦距法测试自聚焦透镜折射率分布常数

本文介绍了一种测量自聚焦透镜折射率分布常数的方法─—焦距法，并进行了原理公式推导，和精度分析，其测量不确定度为±１×１０￣（－３）；其次，简要地介绍了实验方法。实验结果证明了焦距法是测量自聚焦透镜折射率分布常数的简单实用的方法，它具有装置简单、数据处理也不复杂的特点，是一种非破坏性的测试方法。     

基于透镜阵列的三维姿态角度测量

三维姿态角的精确测量在航空、航天、国防等领域应用广泛,为方便准确地实现三维姿态角的测量,本文设计了一种基于透镜阵列的测量系统,并建立了微小三维姿态角测量分析模型。系统中,准直平行光束通过4个排列成金字塔形的阵列透镜,在CCD上形成规则分布的阵列光斑。通过分析CCD成像光斑间的距离、透镜阵列上相邻孔径之间的距离以及透镜阵列与CCD之间的倾斜角,可以得到光束相对于接收系统俯仰角和偏摆角,利用阵列光斑连线相对水平或垂直面的夹角,可同时得到绕Z轴的滚转角。通过与高精度自准直仪测量结果进行比较,证明所提方法的测量精度可以达到RMS≤0.1″,表明该方法能够实现三维姿态角的测量。     

基于方形孔径微透镜阵列二维叠栅条纹的微小角度测量

提出了一种利用方形孔径微透镜阵列和微图形阵列产生的二维叠栅条纹测量微小角度的方法。分析了不同尺寸阵列产生的二维叠栅条纹的节距变化规律,推导了微小旋转角度的表达式,对叠栅条纹的节距与阵列夹角之间的关系进行了理论分析与实验测量。研究结果表明,当微图形阵列的窗口边长小于微透镜阵列的透镜元宽度时,叠栅条纹的节距变化较平缓,且对微图形与微透镜阵列间的夹角θ的变化较敏感,这有利于提高测量结果的准确性;当微图形阵列的窗口边长为0.3mm,微透镜阵列的透镜元宽度为0.4mm时,节距与夹角θ间关系的实验结果与理论结果总体一致。     

激光光靶图像识别和测量方法的DSP实时实现

针对火炮光电窥膛系统中对激光靶图像自动识别和测量中的高效、准确、实时性的要求,设计了一套DSP(Digital Signal Processing)快速运算方法的硬件实施方案.介绍了基于高性能DSP实时处理的硬件原理框图,重点分析了硬件系统中的大量数据交换瓶颈问题,存储器访问的软件优化和分配机制以及快速定标量化的压缩存储机制.实践证明该方案有效地提高了系统在实时测量中的应用价值.     

热敏电阻参数对桥式温控电路灵敏度的影响

文章从理论上对温控电路中热敏电阻构成的桥路灵敏度进行了分析，探讨了热敏电阻属性对测量灵敏度的影响，得出了满足环境要求的高精度温度测量方法．     

Dynamic out-of-plane deformation measurement using virtual speckle patterns

The novel measurement method based on the virtual speckle patterns has been reported. This method has the feature of analyzing the deformation map of an object in high resolution without any information except for speckle pattern images under a deformation process. In this paper, the method is applied to the measurement of dynamic events including a complex deformation distribution. The optical system of the method is improved in order to deal with the complex deformation distribution, which includes the increase and the decrease distributions. In experiments, the phenomenon of collision of the metal sphere on the thin polymer film is analyzed. The method can analyze the large deformation measurement of dynamic events, which cannot be measured by ordinary methods. It is confirmed that the measurement accuracy of this method even in measurements of dynamic events is high.     

Electron distribution function measurement in irregular ionization waves

The influence of ionization waves irregularity on electron distribution function (EDF) measurement has been investigated. The probe method with sampling technique has been applied. The results show that the time irregularity of high amplitude ionization waves may cause an error in interpretation of the EDF measurement.     

A novel method for measuring the coma of a lithographic projection system by use of mirror-symmetry marks

A novel method for measuring the coma of a lithographic projection system is proposed and the principle of the method is described. By utilizing mirror-symmetry marks, the adverse effects of axial aberrations on the coma measurement are avoided. Experimental results demonstrated that the method has high accuracy. Compared with TAMIS, the conventional technique used for coma measurement, the method is more reliable because the influences of the process factors on the lateral displacements have been considered.     

共焦显微镜三维轮廓快速测量方法及其误差分析

共焦显微术在生物学及工程应用中已成为一种有效的测量、观察方法。本文针对共 焦显微三维测量系统提出了一种高精度快速算法,并进行了误差分析与计算机仿真。对实际 共焦三维测量系统的设计具有重要意义。     

基于最小二乘法多项式拟合三角测量模型研究

激光三角法具有非接触测量、测量范围大、相对测量精度高、结构简单、环境适应性强等多种优点, 得到了广泛应用。但是三角测量的理论公式具有非线性特征, 而且光学结构参数(a、b、θ)等在现实工程中具有不可测性。研究了三角测量中数学模型的建立方法, 选用多项式展开方法建立数学模型。通过应用最小二乘法拟合多项式的方法求解模型系数, 提出了根据最大相对拟合残差要求、结合相关系数用于控制拟合多项式阶数的评价方法, 并通过实际光学系统验证了该方法的可行性, 达到了0.01%的相对误差。最小二乘法拟合多项式的方法对于激光三角位移传感器的标定和系统误差消除具有实际的指导意义。     

Über das thermodynamische Gleichgewicht in Funkenplasmen

A simple method has been established to calculate the composition and the line emission of a thermal plasma. The influence of a second component e.g. the vapour of electrodes in a spark discharge can thus be accounted for. Thermal equilibrium was given experimental proof through the cooling curve of a short-time high current condensed discharge. To achieve this, a new spectroscopic method for high temperature measurement has been developed. This even works where oscillator strength is unknown. Moreover, the temperature value measured represents that of the plasma core. Temperature measurement involving different lines of different elements, i.e. of different atomic masses, will furnish similar results. This means evidence for thermal equilibrium existing in spark discharges.     

Small angle measurement method based on the total internal multi-reflection

A small angle measurement method based on total internal multi-reflection (TIMR) effect has been presented. In the proposed configuration, the semiconductor laser with single-mode fiber affords the stable illumination beam, and the beam expander induces a gain factor enlarging the small angular displacement, thus improving the angle measurement sensitivity and stability simultaneously. The experimental results show that our method has better sensitivity and higher stability than the conventional method. These results in association with the theoretical analysis, demonstrates the potential applicability of the presented method in high precision on-line measurement of small angle.     

High-resolution measurement of fiber length by using a mode-locked fiber laser configuration

A simple method to precisely measure fiber length has been experimentally demonstrated by using a mode-locked fiber laser configuration. Since the transit time in a cavity is exactly proportional to the cavity length, it is easy to obtain the fiber length from the generation of mode-locked pulses in the fiber laser with a long-range nonlinear optical loop mirror that includes the measured fiber. Our new method has a large measurement range, over hundreds of kilometers, and a high resolution, of the order of centimeters, as well as no measurement dead zone.