等离子喷涂-激光重熔陶瓷涂层存在问题及改进措施

等离子喷涂是目前国内、外最常用的金属表面陶瓷涂层技术，但涂层的组织呈粗大的片层状、孔隙度较高、裂纹较多，且涂层与基材间为机械结合。等离子喷涂层的激光重熔为这一技术难题的解决提供了一条新的途径，使陶瓷材料的优异性能充分发挥出来。为此，综述了国内、外激光表面重熔等离子喷涂陶瓷涂层的研究现状，总结了等离子喷涂陶瓷涂层激光重熔后的组织特征与性能特点，分析了激光重熔过程中存在裂纹和剥落等问题的原因，提出了这些问题的解决途径，并展望了该项技术的应用前景。     

涂层

20010601 等离子喷涂Ni-Cr-B-Si及激光重熔涂层的耐磨性 ──Liang G Y. Surface & Coatings Technology, 2000,12 7(2～3):233(英文)在Al合金上等离子喷涂Ni-Cr-B-Si和Ni-Cr-B-Si+WC,用CO_2激光器重熔合金涂层, 对比研究了激光重熔涂层和等离子喷涂涂层的耐磨性,用SEM分析了磨损形貌。结果表明, 激光重熔涂层和等离子喷涂涂层均具有良好的耐磨性,激光重熔Ni-Cr-B-Si涂层耐磨性 最好,优于等离子喷涂Ni-Cr-B-Si涂层;等离子喷涂Ni-Cr-B-Si+WC涂层的耐磨性优 于等离子喷涂Ni-Cr-B-Si涂层,但激光重熔并未改变二种涂…     

TiAl合金表面激光重熔热障涂层组织及抗高温氧化性能

为了进一步提高TiAl合金表面等离子喷涂ZrO2-7%(质量分数)Y203热障陶瓷涂层的性能,采用激光重熔工艺对涂层进行处理,研究了激光重熔对涂层微观组织和抗高温氧化性能的影响.用扫描电镜(SEM)分析了涂层形貌和微观结构,同时对其抗高温(850℃)氧化性能进行了考察.结果表明,等离子喷涂热障陶瓷涂层呈典型的层状堆积特征,有一定的孔隙且分布有微裂纹;经过激光重熔处理后,陶瓷涂层片层状组织得以消失,致密性提高,获得了基本没有裂纹等缺陷的重熔层;整个重熔层包括界面没有明显特征的平面晶和上部沿热流方向生长的柱状晶组织.等离子喷涂热障涂层具有较好的抗高温氧化性能,经过激光重熔后可进一步提高其抗高温氧化能力.     

常规和纳米ZrO_2-7%Y_2O_3等离子喷涂热障层及其激光重熔后的抗热震性能

为了探讨激光重熔对等离子喷涂常规和纳米热障涂层(TBCs)的影响,采用等离子喷涂工艺在γ-TiAl合金表面制备了常规和纳米ZrO2-7%Y2O3TBCs,并对其进行激光重熔处理,研究了等离子喷涂常规TBCs、激光重熔-等离子喷涂常规TBCs、等离子喷涂纳米TBCs及激光重熔-等离子喷涂纳米TBCs 4种涂层在850℃下的抗热震性能。结果表明:4种TBCs热震失效次数依次为73,118,146,163次,相应的热震破坏形式分别为整体剥落、局部剥落、边角剥落和局部剥落;纳米结构有利于提高涂层的抗热震性能;激光重熔在一定程度上改善了等离子喷涂层的抗热震性能。     

TiAl合金表面激光重熔等离子喷涂MCrAlY涂层研究

为了进一步提高TiAl合金表面等离子喷涂MCrAlY涂层的高温氧化性能,采用激光重熔工艺对涂层进行处理,研究了激光重熔对涂层微观组织及抗氧化性能的影响.用扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱仪(EDS)和X射线衍射仪(XRD)分析了涂层氧化前后的表面形貌、微观组织和相组成.结果表明:经过激光重熔处理后,涂层片层状组织得以消失,致密性提高,消除了喷涂层的大部分孔洞、夹杂等缺陷,同时使Al元素在涂层表面的重新分布,形成了Al的富集区;等离子喷涂MCrAlY层能显著提高TiAl合金的抗高温氧化性能,经过激光重熔后可进一步提高其抗高温氧化性能.     

激光重熔过程中激光功率对镁合金表面等离子喷涂YSZ涂层结构的影响

为了提高铝合金的综合性能,采用等离子喷涂技术在AZ31B镁合金表面沉积氧化钇部分稳定二氧化锆(YSZ)涂层,并采用二氧化碳激光器对涂层表面进行重熔处理,利用X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜及三维激光成像显微镜研究了重熔激光功率对涂层物相组成、组织结构及表面形态的影响规律。结果表明:YSZ涂层在激光表面重熔过程中保持了相结构的稳定性,即喷涂态及激光重熔后的涂层均由非转变型的四方相组成;随激光功率的增大,重熔区厚度不断增加,且喷涂态涂层的层状组织结构在激光重熔后消失,气孔率降低;在激光处理过程中,产生了大量的内应力,导致纵向(垂直于涂层表面)裂纹的萌生及扩展;涂层表面粗糙度随激光功率的增加而不断降低,并且在功率低于400 W时下降更明显。     

激光-等离子束复合制备热障涂层高温性能试验研究

在GH536高温合金基材上,采用矩形积分透镜,激光重熔等离子喷涂NiCrAlY/8YSZ热障涂层。1050℃的静态氧化试验和热震试验的结果表明:激光重熔可以改善热障涂层的抗氧化性能,能量密度33J·mm-2的激光重熔试样具有高于等离子喷涂试样的热震寿命,氧化阻力的改善与重熔层致密组织有关,微细网状裂纹释放热震应力的作用是热震寿命提高的主要原因。     

等离子喷涂涂层重熔后处理的研究现状与展望

鉴于喷涂涂层存在的较高孔隙率和较大残余应力而常常需要进行适当的后处理,介绍了等离子喷涂涂层的几种重熔后处理技术,对各种处理方式进行归纳总结,并分析了各种处理方式的优缺点。对未来喷涂涂层重熔后处理技术进行展望,提出了根据涂层性质选择合适后处理方式、进一步优化后处理工艺、建立涂层寿命监测系统并进行涂层失效预测等提高涂层使用性能的建议。有关研究说明：喷涂涂层的激光重熔后处理技术能让涂层与基体间由机械结合为主转为以冶金结合为主,可有效增强涂层的硬度、耐磨性、耐腐蚀性及抗高温氧化性等,且其选材的来源广泛,热影响区和工件的变形量较小,但激光重熔时涂层易出现裂纹,因此不宜对大面积涂层进行激光重熔后处理;喷涂涂层的感应重熔后处理技术热影响区较小,可消除涂层中的气孔和微裂纹,有效增强涂层的耐磨性和耐腐蚀性,但感应重熔过程会受到涂层自身电阻率的限制而降低重熔后处理的效率;喷涂涂层的电子束重熔后处理技术适用范围广,成本较低,无污染,可有效提高涂层的硬度、耐磨性和抗氧化性能,减少涂层间的气孔,降低涂层表面的粗糙度,但电子束重熔过程对工作环境要求较高;喷涂涂层的火焰重熔后处理技术操作简单、成本较低,喷涂涂层的钨...     

激光重熔锌铝基Al2O3陶瓷复合层的组织结构研究

本文研究了激光重熔等离子喷涂锌铝基Al2O3陶瓷复合层的组织结构.结果表明,等离子喷涂Al2O3陶瓷涂层主要由等轴晶状的α-Al2O3陶瓷相组成,长条状的γ-Al2O3陶瓷相量较少,主要分布在α-Al2O3陶瓷相的相界面和几个α-Al2O3陶瓷相晶粒的交汇处;激光重熔后基体相树枝晶得到明显细化,熔池区只存在单一的δ-Al2O3陶瓷相,原α-Al2O3陶瓷相、γ-Al2O3陶瓷相均转变为δ-Al2O3陶瓷相,陶瓷颗粒独立地分布于基体相中,表层陶瓷颗粒数目众多,并有局部富集现象,次表层次之,而在过渡区只能偶尔发现独立存在的陶瓷颗粒.     

等离子喷涂纳米陶瓷涂层的研究进展

等离子喷涂纳米陶瓷涂层是目前纳米涂层领域的研究热点之一.综述了国内外等离子喷涂纳米陶瓷涂层的研究现状,指出了目前用等离子喷涂技术制备纳米陶瓷涂层所面临的难题,展望了等离子喷涂技术在制备纳米陶瓷涂层方面的发展前景.     

粉末粒度对等离子喷涂Al2O3-13%TiO2陶瓷涂层组织结构及性能的影响

等离子喷涂粉末的粒度影响涂层组织结构与性能。选用4种不同粒度的Al2O3-13%TiO2(AT13)粉末等离子喷涂陶瓷涂层,研究了喷涂粉末粒度对涂层组织结构、孔隙率、显微硬度和沉积效率的影响。结果表明:采用较细的喷涂粉末制备的AT13涂层致密、均匀,孔隙率低;随着喷涂粉末粒度增大,涂层的孔隙率增加,显微硬度降低,沉积效率先增后减;采用粒度为38～44μm的粉末喷涂涂层时沉积效率最高,达到51%,涂层组织也较致密,这是等离子喷涂AT13陶瓷层较理想的粒度。     

SiO_2添加剂对等离子喷涂ZrO_2涂层结构和性能的影响

本文研究 SiO_2添加剂对 ZrO_2涂层结构和性能的影响。结果表明,在增加过渡层的同时,添加3wt-%左右的 SiO_2,可使涂层的粘结强度和熱冲击寿命提高4—5倍。添加剂改善涂层寿命的原因是等离子喷涂时,SiO_2熔化渗入 ZrO_2颗粒之间和孔隙中,首先起到液相烧结作用;随后在涂层内汽化(蒸发)增加其孔隙率,使涂层的应力易于松弛,而且,SiO_2以石英相形态沿平行于表面方向塞积在涂层孔隙处,隔绝氧化气氛的进入,起到“自封孔”的作用。在粘结层和 ZrO_2层之间增加过渡层,有利于涂层应力的延缓过渡。     

The Application of Flame and Plasma Sprayed Coatings for Cast Iron Molds

Molds made of grey iron for casting iron are subjected to severe temperature fluctuations very similar to the die casting process except for the high pressure erosion that occurs due to molten metal. Therefore, the main life limiting damage for molds is the formation of surface cracks arising from thermal fatigue. Various flame and plasma sprayed coatings were investigated to extend the life of molds for casting iron. Coating materials studied include plasma sprayed ceramic coatings with bond coat (NiCrAl, NiCrAlY, and NiCrAlCoY) as well as powder flame sprayed oxidation resistant alloys (NiCr, NiAl, and NiCrAl). The results of simulated cyclic furnace tests from room temperature to 1100°C in air indicated that the failure occurred along the interface between the bond coat and the iron substrate due to iron oxidation rather than the interface between the ceramic coating and the bond coating for superalloy substrate. The results of field tests are also discussed.     

Solar Process for Surface Glazing of Zirconia-Based Plasma Sprayed Thermal Barrier Coatings

A solar process for thermal barrier coatings surface glazing is presented. Results obtained on an yttria partially-stabilized zirconia plasma sprayed coating are described. The optical behavior of the ceramic during the thermal treatment is also discussed.     

Laser Modification of Plasma Sprayed Alumina Coating

An alumina coating was developed on mildcarbon steel by plasma spraying and then modifiedby laser remelting.Some characteristics of plasmasprayed ceramic coating before and after laserremelting,such as microstructure,wear resistance,heat shock resistance,hot corrosion property andbond strength,have been investigated in this paper.     

Plasma spraying of zirconia-titania-silica bio-ceramic composite coating for implant application

Zirconia-titania-silica (ZTS) bio-ceramic composite coating was deposited on titanium surface via plasma spray process. The original feedstock was prepared by mixing equal amounts (wt.%) of each powder in ceramic pot followed by stirring with ceramic ball. The resulting composite powder was sprayed at two different stand-off distances (SOD: 45 and 50 mm). Silica particles are distributed uniformly in the coating matrix. Amorphous silica was detected by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDXS) and FT-IR analysis which showed the spectra of Si-O and Ti-O stretching bonds. Anatase phase, the main phase of titania in feedstock, was transformed into rutile phase in the coating structure. The spraying efficiency was increased as the stand-off distance decreased. High intensity of tetrahedral zirconia phase was detected in the composite coating sprayed at 50 mm SOD.     

抗磨损抗腐蚀材料的新进展

本文综述抗磨损抗腐蚀新材料产品和制作工艺的某些新发展 ,重点论述制取抗磨损抗腐蚀层状陶瓷复合材料的等离子喷焊、喷涂法、氧乙炔喷焊法和自蔓延燃烧反应合成法 ,高能量密度束流熔涂制取金属基陶瓷复材的工艺和产品开发情况 ,简述了制取超硬面层金刚石与金属复合的高压反应合成法和等离子化学气相沉积法 ,也论述了电化学方法制取表层陶瓷的微弧氧化法和制取钢铁基钛铝表层抗蚀复材的熔盐电沉积研究进展。对真空浸渍法和热喷涂法制取塑料和金属复材的工艺和产品也作了简要论述。     

粗糙度对热障涂层冲蚀失效的影响及模型建立

采用气体喷砂试验机研究了大气等离子喷涂(APS) ZrO₂-7%Y₂O₃(7YSZ)热障涂层的冲蚀失效机理, 分析了陶瓷层表面粗糙度对热障涂层冲蚀磨损率及失效行为的影响, 研究了基于多孔层状的热障涂层在常温高速粒子90°攻角下的冲蚀失效特征, 探讨了多孔层状结构对涂层冲蚀失效演变机制的作用, 此外, 建立了基于粗糙度的冲蚀失效数学模型。研究结果表明: 冲蚀磨损率与陶瓷层表面粗糙度呈线性递增关系; 涂层在高速粒子冲蚀下多孔层状结构加剧了涂层的冲蚀失效; 涂层表面在粒子冲蚀下承受着非均匀、非连续的压-压脉动循环载荷, 在微凸粗糙表面承载着正应力和切应力的相互作用; 正应力迫使涂层出现凹坑, 切应力易导致涂层出现沟槽, 并同时以原喷涂态表面网状裂纹为策源地诱发裂纹在粒子晶界和层间界面萌生扩展导致涂层产生粒子和片状剥落, 最终涂层显示出典型的磨粒磨损和低周疲劳失效形式。     

Role of powder treatment and carbon nanotube dispersion in the fracture toughening of plasma-sprayed aluminum oxide-carbon nanotube nanocomposite

Al2O3 ceramic reinforced with 4-wt% multiwalled carbon nanotube (CNT) is plasma sprayed for improving the fracture toughness of the nanocomposite coating. Two different methodologies of CNT addition have been adopted in the powder feedstock to assist CNT dispersion in the nano-Al2O3 matrix. First, spray-dried nano-Al2O3 agglomerates are blended with 4 wt% CNT as powder-feedstock, which is subsequently plasma sprayed resulting in the fracture toughness improvement of 19.9%. Secondly, spray dried composite nano-Al2O3 and 4 wt% CNT powder was used as feedstock for attaining improved dispersion of CNTs. Plasma sprayed coating of composite spray dried powder resulted in increase of 42.9% in the fracture toughness. Coating synthesized from the blended powder displayed impact alignment of CNTs along splat interface, and CNTs chain loop structure anchoring the fused Al2O3 melt whereas coating synthesized from composite spray dried powder evinced anchoring of CNTs in the solid state sintered region and CNT mesh formation. Enhanced fracture toughness is attributed to significance of CNT dispersion.     

Deposition stress effects on the life of thermal barrier coatings on burner rigs

A study of the effect of plasma spray processing parameters on the life of a two-layer thermal barrier coating was conducted. The ceramic layer was plasma sprayed at plasma arc currents of 900 and 600 A onto uncooled tubes, cooled tubes and solid bars of Waspaloy in a lathe with one or eight passes of the plasma gun. These processing changes affected the residual stress state of the coating. When the specimens were tested in a March 0.3 cyclic burner rig at 1130 °C, a wide range of coating lives resulted. Processing factors which reduced the residual stress state in the coating, such as reduced plasma temperature and increased heat dissipation, significantly increased the coating life.