溶剂保持力与小麦部分品质性状的关系

为阐明溶剂保持力与小麦品质性状的关系,并为小麦品质评价提供参考,以品质差异较大的19份小麦品种(系)为材料,分析了SRC与籽粒硬度、AWRC、淀粉黏度特性和蛋白质品质性状间的关系.结果表明:水SRC、碳酸钠SRC、乳酸SRC与籽粒硬度、AWRC间极显著正相关(r=0.708～0.862),蔗糖SRC与籽粒硬度间相关不显著,与AWRC间相关显著(r=0.546);4种SRC皆与糊化温度问呈极显著或显著负相关(r=-0.569～-0.682),除水SRC、碳酸钠SRC与峰值时间呈显著正相关外(r=0.496,0.465),SRC与其他淀粉黏度特性指标间相关皆不显著;水SRC与蛋白质品质性状间相关不显著,碳酸钠SRC与SDS沉降值间相关显著(r=0.475),与其他指标间皆相关不显著,蔗糖SRC与蛋白质含量间相关显著(r=0.469),乳酸SRC与蛋白质含量、SDS沉降值间相关显著(r=0.466,0.559),与湿面筋含量、面筋指数和Zeleny沉降值间相关不显著.     

SRC法测定面粉品质与其他方法比较研究初探

利用测定面粉溶剂未溶解率(SRC值)测定面粉品质(AACC方法56-11)，并将结果与面团特性测定方法作比较，比较其相关性。初步测定结果表明：蔗糖SRC值与湿面筋值呈显著正相关(R^2=0．4276)，与面粉吸水率呈显著正相关(R^2=0．5725)；碳酸钠SRC值与吸水率呈显著正相关(R^2=0．4461)；乳酸SRC值与湿面筋值呈显著正相关(R^2=0．4007)，与稳定时间呈显著正相关(R^2=0．3648)；水sRC值与吸水率呈显著正相关(R^2=0．5209)，与评价值呈显著正相关(R^2=0．3953)．与稳定时间呈显著正相关(R^2=0．5599)．与50mm处阻力呈显著正相关（R^2=0.3733)。     

国产小麦粉与酥性饼干品质的相关性研究

选用国内不同地域18种商业小麦粉和两种美国软麦粉,研究小麦粉品质与酥性饼干品质的关系,探讨酥性饼干粉的指标要求。结果表明,面粉的粉质吸水率、形成时间、稳定时间、水保持力SRC、碳酸钠保持力SRC、蔗糖保持力SRC和碱水保持力AWRC与酥性饼干的质量总评分呈显著负相关,适合用来预测和控制酥性饼干专用粉品质,而面粉拉伸指标与酥性饼干质量相关性不大。研究证实,适宜制作酥性饼干的国产小麦粉应该是低(弱)筋粉,建议其品质指标如下:湿面筋含量≤26%,吸水率≤56%,稳定时间≤2.0min,水保持力SRC≤55%,碳酸钠保持力SRC≤70%,蔗糖保持力SRC≤100%,碱水保持力AWRC≤60%。     

国产小麦粉与酥性饼干品质的相关性研究

选用国内不同地域18种商业小麦粉和两种美国软麦粉,研究小麦粉品质与酥性饼干品质的关系,探讨酥性饼干粉的指标要求。结果表明,面粉的粉质吸水率、形成时间、稳定时间、水保持力SRC、碳酸钠保持力SRC、蔗糖保持力SRC和碱水保持力AWRC与酥性饼干的质量总评分呈显著负相关,适合用来预测和控制酥性饼干专用粉品质,而面粉拉伸指标与酥性饼干质量相关性不大。研究证实,适宜制作酥性饼干的国产小麦粉应该是低(弱)筋粉,建议其品质指标如下:湿面筋含量≤26%,吸水率≤56%,稳定时间≤2.0min,水保持力SRC≤55%,碳酸钠保持力SRC≤70%,蔗糖保持力SRC≤100%,碱水保持力AWRC≤60%。     

青稞全粉与中筋小麦粉复配体系品质特性研究

选用青稞全粉作为研究对象,与中筋小麦粉复配,检测不同添加量青稞全粉的损伤淀粉特性、粉质特性、糊化特性、溶剂保持力,并进行相关性分析。研究表明:随着青稞全粉比例增加,破损淀粉显著增加(P<0.05),且与降落数值呈显著负相关;面团的吸水率呈上升趋势,当青稞全粉添加量为85%时面团的吸水率达到最大值73.10%,吸水率、弱化度显著增加(P<0.05);不同添加量对混合粉稳定时间的影响不显著;峰值黏度、最低黏度、最终黏度、衰减值、回生值显著下降(P<0.05),降落数值与峰值黏度呈极显著正相关;乳酸溶剂保持力SRC显著减少(P<0.05),湿面筋含量和乳酸溶剂保持力SRC呈极显著正相关;碳酸钠溶剂保持力SRC、蔗糖溶剂保持力SRC、水溶剂保持力SRC显著增加(P<0.05),破损淀粉值与碳酸钠溶剂保持力SRC,蔗糖溶剂保持力SRC与吸水率、蛋白质,水溶剂保持力SRC与蛋白质均呈极显著正相关性。     

小麦粉品质与馒头加工质量的相关性研究

从面粉厂生产线上抽取不同品质的小麦粉，按一定的比例混合配成48种小麦粉，分析其主要品质参数及加工成的馒头质量，研究小麦粉品质特性与馒头品质的关系。实验结果表明：小麦粉品质显著影响着制成品馒头的质量，蛋白质含量、面筋含量、面筋指数、沉降值以及稳定时间、弱化度、评价值等流变学特性指标与馒头比容二次相关系数分别为0．5185、0．4426、0．5801、0．4408、0．5658、0．7254、0．7480，与总分一次相关系数分别为0．5771、0．4866、0．4947、0．4938、0．5530、0．6392、0．7448，影响小麦粉馒头加工适宜性的主要因了为蛋白质、面筋含量、而筋指数及沉降值，通过实验得出适合于制作馒头的小麦粉主要品质指标为：蛋白质含量11．5％～13．5％、湿而筋含量27．0％～32．5％、面筋指数65％～94％、沉降值47-63ml、降落值310-450s。     

优质强筋小麦粉乳酸保持能力的影响因素分析

以14个优质强筋小麦品种(品系)为材料,系统研究了小麦粉的蛋白质含量、湿面筋含量、GMP含量、SDS沉淀值、流变学特性、谷蛋白溶涨指数及其与微量乳酸SRC值间的关系。通过微量乳酸SRC值与蛋白质品质评价指标的相关分析得出,微量小麦粉乳酸SRC值与SDS沉淀值、拉伸能量和SIG20呈极显著正相关;与蛋白质含量、湿面筋含量、GMP含量、稳定时间、SIG0和SIG5呈显著正相关;与弱化度呈极显著负相关。通过二次旋转回归正交组合设计分析了微量SRC法中离心力、溶剂量、溶涨温度和溶涨时间等因素对乳酸SRC值的影响,得到了乳酸SRC值的模型。     

糙米力学特性与加工品质的相关性研究

为了研究糙米机械破碎力学特性与加工品质的关系,采用物性测试仪对糙米的锥刺、三点弯曲、剪切破碎力力学特性进行测试与分析,并分别分析了粳糙米和籼糙米的力学特性与其加工品质的关系。结果表明,粳糙米的整精米率与锥刺力、剪切力呈极显著正相关,相关系数分别为0．866、0．672,与三点弯曲力呈显著正相关,相关系数为0．598;碎米率与锥刺力和剪切力呈极显著负相关,相关系数分别为－0．800和－0．610;与三点弯曲力呈显著负相关,相关系数为－0．532。籼糙米的整精米率与三点弯曲力呈极显著正相关,相关系数为0．963,与锥刺力、剪切力呈显著正相关,相关系数分别为0．535和0．487;碎米率与三点弯曲力呈极显著负相关,相关系数为－0．931;与锥刺力、剪切力呈显著负相关,相关系数分别为－0．550和－0．540。粳糙米与籼糙米的出米率均与其力学指标呈正相关,但相关性不显著。     

酥性饼干用小麦粉的溶剂保持力特性研究

选用国内外25种市售小麦粉,研究了小麦粉的溶剂保持力(SRC)特性和酥性饼干品质之间的关系。结果表明,小麦粉的溶剂保持力与酥性饼干的品质具有显著的负相关性,其中小麦粉的水保持力、碳酸钠保持力和蔗糖保持力与酥性饼干品质的相关性较显著。适宜制作高品质酥性饼干的小麦粉应具有较低的溶剂保持力。建议酥性饼干用小麦粉的溶剂保持力指标为:水SRC≤55%,碳酸钠SRC≤70%,乳酸SRC≤90%,蔗糖SRC≤100%。     

黑小麦麸皮超微粉配粉对黑小麦加工品质的影响

为了提高黑小麦麸皮的利用价值,将其超微粉碎后按一定比例与其面粉进行配粉,研究其加工品质特性。结果表明：添加麸皮后的混合粉热糊稳定性良好,回生速度较慢,膨胀特性降低;吸水率、面团形成时间和弱化度提高,面团稳定时间和评价值降低;按全粉比例添加黑小麦麸皮超微粉制作饼干的脆性优于添加20%黑小麦麸皮超微粉制作饼干的脆性,但其硬度较大,韧性较差。黑小麦麸皮混合粉制作饼干的脆性、硬度和韧性均与其糊化温度呈显著正相关,其中脆性与弱化度呈显著正相关;饼干的脆度与其硬度和韧性呈显著和极显著负相关,硬度与韧性呈极显著正相关关系。添加黑小麦麸皮超微粉后的混合粉较适宜加工高膳食纤维饼干等酥脆类面食品。     

Genotypic variation of spring wheats for solvent retention capacities in relation to end-use quality

The solvent retention capacity (SRC) test is useful to measure flour components contributing to end-use functionality especially where the sample number is large and grain quantities are limited. The water, sodium carbonate, lactic acid, and sucrose SRC values ranged 78.0-98.0, 95.0-127.5, 101.5-139.0, and 125.0-163.0 g/100 g, respectively in 50 spring wheat varieties. Water SRC positively correlated with cookie spread ratio (r = 0.29) while Lactic acid SRC and Sucrose SRC positively correlated with cookie thickness (r = 0.31) and (r = 0.23). Negative correlation coefficients were observed in water SRC and cookie thickness (r = −0.27). Lactic acid SRC also negatively correlated with cookie spread ratio (r = −0.34). Sodium carbonate SRC was found to be negatively correlated with cookie diameter (r = −0.19) and cookie spread ratio (r = −0.16). The SRC test is a promising method for the evaluation of soft wheat varieties on the basis of their biochemical characteristics.     

Predicting the cookie quality of flours by using Mixolab<Superscript>®</Superscript>

The objective of this study was to determine the possibility of using Mixolab^® to predict the cookie baking quality of different wheat flours. Mixolab data was also compared with various flour quality characteristics. There were significant correlations (P < 0.001) between Mixolab stability and some of the flour quality characteristics (protein and wet gluten contents, Zeleny sedimentation value). Alveoconsistograph T value was negatively correlated with Mixolab C3, C4 and C5 values. The cookie diameter gave highly significant correlations with protein content, Zeleny sedimentation value and damaged starch content. Mixolab C3 and C4 values were highly correlated (P < 0.001) with both cookie diameter and spread ratio. A significant correlation coefficient (r = 0.556) was determined between the cookie diameter and C1–C2 value which is an indication of protein quality. The dependence of cookie diameter and spread ratio on Mixolab C3 value, damaged starch content and Zeleny sedimentation value were analyzed with multiple regression analysis and high multiple correlation coefficients were found between these parameters (r = 0.948 and 0.861, respectively).     

小麦溶剂保持力及其在品质改良中的应用

溶剂保持力(SRC)是软质小麦品种品质评价的重要指标.就国内外关于SRC的测定方法、SRC与小麦品质性状间的关系以及基因型和环境及其互作对SRC的影响等方面的研究进行了综述,并根据小麦品种问SRC的遗传差异特性,讨论了SRC在小麦品质改良中的应用,以期为SRC的分子标记及低SRC小麦新品种的选育提供参考.     

Cookie- Versus Cracker-Baking—What's the Difference? Flour Functionality Requirements Explored by SRC and Alveography

The many differences between cookie- and cracker-baking are discussed and described in terms of the functionality, and functional requirements, of the major biscuit ingredients—flour and sugar. Both types of products are similar in their major ingredients, but different in their formulas and processes. One of the most important and consequential differences between traditional cracker and cookie formulas is sugar (i.e., sucrose) concentration: usually lower than 30% in a typical cracker formula and higher than 30% in a typical cookie formula. Gluten development is facilitated in lower-sugar cracker doughs during mixing and sheeting; this is a critical factor linked to baked-cracker quality. Therefore, soft wheat flours with greater gluten quality and strength are typically preferred for cracker production. In contrast, the concentrated aqueous sugar solutions existing in high-sugar cookie doughs generally act as an antiplasticizer, compared with water alone, so gluten development during dough mixing and starch gelatinization/pasting during baking are delayed or prevented in most cookie systems. Traditional cookies and crackers are low-moisture baked goods, which are desirably made from flours with low water absorption [low water-holding capacity (WHC)], and low levels of damaged starch and water-soluble pentosans (i.e., water-accessible arabinoxylans). Rheological (e.g., alveography) and baking tests are often used to evaluate flour quality for baked-goods applications, but the solvent retention capacity (SRC) method (AACC 56-11) is a better diagnostic tool for predicting the functional contribution of each individual flour functional component, as well as the overall functionality of flours for cookie- and/or cracker-baking.     

不同品种小麦粉品质特性对馒头品质的影响

以14种河套小麦粉作为研究对象,采用主成分和聚类统计分析小麦粉粉质指标、拉伸指标、吹泡指标对馒头品质的影响。结果表明:湿面筋、蛋白质与馒头弹性、回复性呈显著正相关,相关系数分别为0.822,0.791,0.643,0.752;吹泡指标P值、W值与馒头比容呈极显著正相关(相关系数为0.768和0.709)。前5个主成分方差贡献率分别为41.7%,17.3%,14.2%,13.5%,11.2%且累计贡献率达97.9%,可以较好地反映小麦粉品质的综合信息。聚类分析表明第4类小麦粉的形成时间、稳定时间、最大拉伸阻力、最大拉伸比、L值、G值、W值较小,弱化度较大,而馒头硬度最大。     

Solvent retention capacity values in relation to the Czech commercial wheat quality

Technological quality in the sets of eighty commercial wheat samples was evaluated by grain milling traits (test weight, thousand kernel weight, grain hardness as Particle Size Index, one‐stream flour yield) and common analytical parameters (wet gluten and protein contents, Zeleny test value, falling number) together with the solvent retention capacity (SRC) method (AACC 56‐11). For the commercial wheat, the latter analytical procedure (originally designed for flour quality analysis) was verified also for grain wholemeal. Within the mentioned sample group, anova revealed the strongest effect of the harvest year, both for milling and for technological parameters. For the SRC profiles, the effect of the sample form used dominated the crop year influence. The grain SRCs were correlated with the milling traits foursome, while an agreement between the flour SRC profiles and technological quality data was not so tight. However, the flour lactic acid SRC was associated with the wet gluten and protein contents (r = 0.24, P < 0.05), and the protein quality as Zeleny value with the flour water SRC (r = 0.24, P < 0.05). Relationship between Zeleny's value and flour lactic acid SCR was confirmed by nonlinear Spearman correlation (R = ?0.26, P < 0.05).     

超微黑小麦麸皮粉与黑小麦面粉混合粉加工品质特性研究

为提高黑小麦麸皮利用价值,将其超微粉碎后按一定比例添加到黑小麦面粉中,研究其加工品质特性。结果表明:添加麸皮后混合粉热糊稳定性良好,回生速度较慢,膨胀特性降低;吸水率、面团形成时间和弱化度提高,面团稳定时间和评价值降低;按全粉比例添加超微黑小麦麸皮粉混合粉制作饼干脆性优于添加20%超微黑小麦麸皮粉制作饼干,但其硬度较大,韧性较差。黑小麦麸皮混合粉制作饼干脆性、硬度和韧性均与其糊化温度呈显著正相关,其中脆性与弱化度呈显著正相关;饼干脆度与其硬度和韧性呈显著和极显著负相关,硬度与韧性呈极显著正相关;添加超微黑小麦麸皮粉后混合粉较适宜加工高膳食纤维饼干等酥脆类食品。     

Influence of damaged starch on cookie and bread-making quality

In this study two wheat and one triticale cultivars were milled in a disc mill to obtain different levels of damaged starch. The effects of the damaged starch content on physicochemical flour tests and cookie and bread-making quality were analyzed. The grain milling conditions in disc mill and grain hardness influenced the amount of damaged starch. The solvent absorption of flours, as measured by Solvent Retention Capacity Profile (SRC) and Alkaline Water Retention Capacity (AWRC), was significantly incremented by the damaged starch content. There was a consistent loss in cookie quality as the damaged starch content increased. In spite of the fact that the proteins were not affected by flour milling, bread quality decreased as the damaged starch content increased.     

质构仪在面团和面包品质评定中的应用研究(英文)

以八种品牌面粉为试验材料,采用英国 CNS-FARNELL 公司制造的质构仪测试了面团的硬度、弹性、粘力、粘着性、断裂力、断裂能量、断裂回复形变程度、回复能量、回复形变程度等九种指标,并通过相关分析研究了这些指标与面包品质(面包体积和弹性变化率)以及与小麦面粉的品质性状的相互关系。研究结果表明:面团的硬度、粘力与面包的体积呈正相关,相关系数分别为 0.546、0.568,弹性与面包的体积呈负相关,相关系数为-0.606;粘力与24h后室温下弹性变化率呈显著的正相关,相关系数为0.707。面团的质构特性与面粉的品质指标的相关性也非常明显。