浅埋暗挖洞桩法参数敏感性分析

针对浅埋暗挖洞桩法理论分析落后于工程实践的实际情况,依据地下结构设计计算理论的地层--结构法,以有限单元法作为分析手段,建立三维计算模型,系统开展了浅埋暗挖洞桩法施工过程的数值模拟,以及参数变化对洞周围岩稳定性和位移场的影响分析。结果表明：浅埋暗挖洞桩法用于大断面洞室或超浅埋洞室暗挖施工时,洞周围岩稳定性良好,并可有效控制地表沉降。洞室跨度为14 m左右时控制地表沉降的效果最好;在不同埋深条件下控制地表沉降的效果基本相同;洞室高度的影响则不明显。研究的结论对今后浅埋大断面单跨洞室暗挖施工方案比选和采用浅埋暗挖洞桩法施工具有指导 作用。     

基于敏感性分析的裂隙岩体渗流与应力静态全耦合参数反演

基于求解稳定渗流场与弹性位移场耦合问题的全耦合分析方法,应用提出的混合遗传算法作为优化算法,同时利用水头、位移等多类型量测资料,提出了裂隙岩体渗流与应力静态全耦合的参数反演方法。在目标函数建立中考虑了实测水头对渗流参数的敏感性,在待反演力学未知参数的选取中,依据提出的相对灵敏度概念,考虑了实测位移对力学参数的敏感性。针对某裂隙岸坡算例,研究了水库蓄水过程中位移场对力学参数敏感性,据此实现位移测点的优化布置,并以渗流场与位移场全耦合正分析计算结果作为假想实测值,进行该岩坡的全耦合参数反演分析,从而验证了所提出理论与研制程序的正确性和可行性。     

Sensitivity analysis for parameter identification in quasi‐static poroelasticity

This paper is devoted to the formulation of the direct differentiation method and adjoint state method in quasi‐static linear poroelasticity. We derive the strong and weak formulation of both methods and discuss their solutions using the finite element method. The techniques are illustrated and tested on two numerical examples for the case of isotropic and homogeneous material. The presented formulations can be extended to more complex behaviour in poromechanics. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A local identification technique for geotechnical and geophysical systems

Geotechnical structures and natural soil deposits are massive multi‐phase particulate systems characterized by the development of localized response mechanisms under extreme loading conditions. Identification and analysis of such systems based on inverse boundary value problem formulations and sparse measurements are generally indeterminate. This paper presents an alternative local inverse problem technique. Point‐wise identification analyses of the constitutive behaviour of water‐saturated geotechnical and geophysical systems are performed using acceleration and pore pressure records provided by a cluster of closely spaced sensors. The developed novel technique does not require the availability of boundary condition measurements, or solution of an associated boundary value problem. The constitutive behaviour at a specific location of a soil‐system is analysed independently of adjacent response mechanisms or material properties. Numerical simulations and centrifuge tests of a soil‐retaining wall system are used to demonstrate the capabilities of the developed technique. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

An accelerated algorithm for parameter identification in a hierarchical plasticity model accounting for material constraints

The parameter identification procedure proposed in this paper is based on the solution of an inverse problem, which relies on the minimization of an error function of least‐squares type. The solution of the ensuing optimization problem, which is a constrained one owing to the presence of physical links between the optimization parameters, is performed by means of a particular technique of the feasible direction type, which is modified and improved when the problem turns to an unconstrained one. The algorithm is particularly efficient in the presence of hierarchical material models. The numerical properties of the proposed procedure are discussed and its behaviour is compared with usual optimization methods when applied to constrained and unconstrained problems. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Parameter identification for a suction‐dependent plasticity model

In this paper, the deterministic parameter identification procedure proposed in a companion paper is applied to suction‐dependent elasto‐plasticity problems. A mathematical model for such type of problems is firstly presented, then it is applied to the parameter identification using laboratory data. The identification procedure is applied in a second example to exploitation of a gas reservoir. The effects of the extraction of underground fluids appear during and after quite long periods of time and strongly condition the decision to profit or not of the natural resources. Identification procedures can be very useful tools for reliable long‐term predictions. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Dynamic response of a non-circular lined tunnel with visco-elastic imperfect interface in the saturated poroelastic medium

A semi-analytical method is proposed to investigate the dynamic response of a non-circular tunnel with visco-elastic imperfect interface in poroelastic medium. Biot’s dynamic theory is used to simulate the saturated poroelastic medium, and the governing equations are solved by reducing them into three Helmholtz equations that the potential functions satisfy. The visco-elastic interface model with elastic and viscosity coefficients is adopted to analyze the interface effect around the non-circular lined tunnel. The analytic solutions of displacements and stresses are expanded in terms of wave functions. Some numerical examples are provided to analyze the effect of visco-elastic interface on the dynamic stress around the tunnel.     

岩土工程渗流参数反问题

系统介绍了目前国内外岩土工程渗流参数反问题研究的现状和进展，对参数辨识不适定性等问题做了讨论，并结合计算实践着重对几种典型求解方法的优缺点进行了比较和评述。对今后岩土工程渗流反问题研究提出了初浅的看法。     

A bounding surface elasto‐viscoplastic constitutive model for non‐isothermal cyclic analysis of asphaltic materials

An elasto‐viscoplastic constitutive model for asphaltic materials is presented within the context of bounding surface plasticity theory, taking into account the effects of the stress state, void binder degree of saturation, temperature and strain rate on the material behaviour. A stress state dependent non‐linear elasticity model is introduced to represent time‐independent recoverable portion of the deformation. The consistent visco‐plasticity framework is utilised to capture the rate‐dependent, non‐recoverable strain components. The material parameters introduced in the model are identified, and their determination from conventional laboratory tests is discussed. The capability of the model to reproduce experimentally observed response of asphaltic materials is demonstrated through numerical simulations of several laboratory test data from the literature. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Groundwater contaminant source identification based on iterative local update ensemble smoother

Identification of the location and intensity of groundwater pollution source contributes to the effect of pollution remediation, and is called groundwater contaminant source identifcation. This is a kind of typical groundwater inverse problem, and the solution is usually ill-posed. Especially considering the spatial variability of hydraulic conductivity field, the identification process is more challenging. In this paper, the solution framework of groundwater contaminant source identification is composed with groundwater pollutant transport model (MT3DMS) and a data assimilation method (Iterative local update ensemble smoother, ILUES). In addition, Karhunen-Loève expansion technique is adopted as a PCA method to realize dimension reduction. In practical problems, the geostatistical method is usually used to characterize the hydraulic conductivity feld, and only the contaminant source information is inversely calculated in the identifcation process. In this study, the identification of contaminant source information under Kriging K-field is compared with simultaneous identification of source information and K-field. The results indicate that it is necessary to carry out simultaneous identification under heterogeneous site, and ILUES has good performance in solving high-dimensional parameter inversion problems.     

地表水污染源识别方法研究进展

地表水污染源的准确识别对于突发水污染事件中制定补救策略、确定责任方具有重要的指导意义。从污染源识别的基本问题出发,综述了地表水污染源识别的两类方法,一类是数学模拟法,包括直接求解法和间接求解法,直接求解法又包括解析法和正则化方法,间接求解法又包括模拟优化法、概率统计法及耦合算法;另一类是足迹分析法。在此基础上,系统地讨论了污染源识别的不确定性,包括污染源信息、观测数据、地表水模型、水动力条件、污染物性质5个方面。并指出地表水污染源识别的不确定性和时效性是制约其应用价值的关键因素,需要在方法耦合、识别效率提高、不确定性分析及污染物性质等方面做进一步的研究。     

Soil parameter identification using a genetic algorithm

This paper is dedicated to the identification of constitutive parameters of the Mohr–Coulomb constitutive model from in situ geotechnical measurements. A pressuremeter curve and the horizontal displacements of a sheet pile wall retaining an excavation are successively used as measurements. Two kinds of optimization algorithms are used to minimize the error function, the first one based on a gradient method and the second one based on a genetic algorithm. The efficiency of each algorithm related to the error function topology is discussed. Finally, it is shown that the use of a genetic algorithm to identify the soil parameters seems particularly suitable when the topology of the error function is complex. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

非静水应力场中圆形隧道衬砌与围岩间两种接触的黏弹性解析

基于非静水应力场中圆形衬砌隧道围岩与衬砌的弹性复变函数表达,利用黏弹性对应原理推导了隧道衬砌与围岩在光滑接触和完全接触情况下的黏弹性通解。推导中围岩符合黏弹性,衬砌为线弹性,且考虑了衬砌支护滞后效应,得到的理论解适用于所有线弹性元件模型。推导的理论解与以往理论解及数值解较一致。根据解答,假定围岩符合广义开尔文(H-K)黏弹性体时,分析表明,衬砌所受的径向、切向应力、衬砌的环向位移以及轴力弯矩均随时间增长而逐渐增大,并收敛于定值;两种接触条件下,围岩的位移、衬砌的应力、位移和内力沿环向分布规律均有较大不同,且随时间增大,二者相差越大。相比已有解析,文中所推导的非静水应力场中衬砌与围岩两种接触下黏弹性解更具普适性,且完全接触下的黏弹性解与深埋圆形衬砌隧道实际情况更为接近。对比两种解析可为实际中衬砌的合理选择和施工提供参考。     

Multiscale method for long tunnels subjected to seismic loading

A multiscale method for the dynamic analysis of underground structures is proposed, which involves the concurrent discretization of the entire domain with both coarse‐scale and fine‐scale finite element meshes. The coarse‐scale mesh is employed to capture seismic response characteristics of the integral system, whereas the fine‐scale mesh describes in detail the dynamic response in positions of potential damage or interest. For both the coarse‐scale and fine‐scale meshes to overlap, a bridging scale term is introduced so that compatibility of dynamic behavior between the coarse‐ and fine‐scale models is enforced. Both material and contact nonlinearities are considered in the multiscale model. As an application, the model is used for large‐scale seismic response of a newly built long‐distance shield tunnel. Results show that this multiscale method does not have spurious wave reflections at the fine/coarse interface and does not need filtering procedures, which is an advantage compared with the displacement coupling method. Stress and deformation response in lining segments and their connecting bolts are investigated and analyzed within the fine‐scale model, and the capacity of critical structural components, such as bolts and joints is evaluated. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

地表水污染源识别方法研究进展

地表水污染源的准确识别对于突发水污染事件中制定补救策略、确定责任方具有重要的指导意义。从污染源识别的基本问题出发,综述了地表水污染源识别的两类方法,一类是数学模拟法,包括直接求解法和间接求解法,直接求解法又包括解析法和正则化方法,间接求解法又包括模拟优化法、概率统计法及耦合算法;另一类是足迹分析法。在此基础上,系统地讨论了污染源识别的不确定性,包括污染源信息、观测数据、地表水模型、水动力条件、污染物性质5个方面。并指出地表水污染源识别的不确定性和时效性是制约其应用价值的关键因素,需要在方法耦合、识别效率提高、不确定性分析及污染物性质等方面做进一步的研究。     

Dynamic analysis of strain localization in water‐saturated clay using a cyclic elasto‐viscoplastic model

A computational framework is presented for dynamic strain localization and deformation analyses of water‐saturated clay by using a cyclic elasto‐viscoplastic constitutive model. In the model, the nonlinear kinematic hardening rule and softening due to the structural degradation of soil particles are considered. In order to appropriately simulate the large deformation phenomenon in strain localization analysis, the dynamic finite element formulation for a two‐phase mixture is derived in the updated Lagrangian framework. The shear band development is shown through the distributions of viscoplastic shear strain, the axial strain, the mean effective stress, and the pore water pressure in a normally consolidated clay specimen. From the local stress–strain relations, more brittleness is found inside the shear bands than outside of them. The effects of partially drained conditions and mesh‐size dependency on the shear banding are also investigated. The effect of a partially drained boundary is found to be insignificant on the dynamic shear band propagation because of the rapid rate of applied loading and low permeability of the clay. Using the finer mesh results in slightly narrower shear bands; nonetheless, the results manifest convergency through the mesh refinement in terms of the overall shape of shear banding and stress–strain relations. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

参数敏感性分析与试验方案优化

在单因素敏感性分析的基础上,定义了无量纲形式的敏感度函数和敏感度因子,使得多因素敏感性分析具有可比性。作为算例,对拉西瓦地下工程的稳定性进行了敏感性分析。结果表明,水平向地应力σ_x和岩体弹性模量E是影响地下主厂房高边墙水平向变形的敏感因素。分析还表明,敏感因素与基准参数集有关,基准参数集不同,结论将有差异。本文还提出了试验方案优化的概念,并指出参数敏感性分析是试验方案优化的基础。     

泥岩弹塑性损伤本构模型及其参数辨识

以连续介质力学和不可逆热力学为基础,将损伤引入到修正的Mohr-Coulomb准则中,建立了泥岩弹塑性损伤本构模型反映泥岩软硬化行为,通过构建损伤势函数导出了泥岩的损伤演化方程,编制了泥岩弹塑性损伤本构模型及其参数反演程序。并根据非排水条件下泥岩三轴试验结果,采用多目标函数优化反分析法获得了泥岩本构模型参数。研究成果表明,所提出的弹塑性损伤本构模型能有效地描述泥岩在不同应力状态下的力学特性。     

PARAMETER AND VARIANCE ESTIMATION IN GEOTECHNICAL BACKANALYSIS USING PRIOR INFORMATION

A probabilistic framework to perform inverse analysis of geotechnical problems is presented. The formulation allows the incorporation of existing prior information on the parameters in a consistent way. The method is based on the maximum likelihood approach that allows a straightforward introduction of the error structure of field measurements and prior information. The difficulty of ascribing definite values to the uncertainties associated with the various types of observations is overcome by including the corresponding variances in the set of parameters to be identified. The inverse analysis results in a minimization problem that is solved by coupling the optimization technique to the finite element method. Two examples are presented to illustrate the performance of the method. The first one corresponds to a synthetic case simulating the excavation of a tunnel. Young's modulus, K₀ value and measurements variances are identified. The second case concerns the excavation of a large underground cavern in which again Young's modulus and K₀ are identified. It is shown that introduction of prior information permits the estimation of parameters more consistent with all available informations that include not only monitored displacements but also results from in situ tests carried out during the site investigation stage.