Modeling the flow of liquid-metal coolant in the T-shaped mixer

The results of experimental studies on the structure of the temperature field in the tube cross section at the flow of liquid-metal coolant in a T-shaped mixer are presented. Experiments were carried out using the Rose alloy as the working fluid. To determine temperature distribution on the test section wall, infrared thermography was used; to determine temperature distribution in the channel cross section, a mobile thermocouple was used. Considerable temperature maldistribution in the mixing zone of liquid flows with different temperatures on the tube wall and in the coolant melt is shown.     

非对称纳米通道内流体流动与传热的分子动力学

采用分子动力学方法研究了流体在非对称浸润性粗糙纳米通道内的流动与传热过程,分析了两侧壁面浸润性不对称对流体速度滑移和温度阶跃的影响,以及非对称浸润性组合对流体内部热量传递的影响.研究结果表明,纳米通道主流区域的流体速度在外力作用下呈抛物线分布,但是纳米通道上下壁面浸润性不对称导致速度分布不呈中心对称,同时通道壁面的纳米结构也会限制流体的流动.流体在流动过程中产生黏性耗散,使流体温度升高.增强冷壁面的疏水性对近热壁面区域的流体速度几乎没有影响,滑移速度和滑移长度基本不变,始终为锁定边界,但是会导致近冷壁面区域的流体速度逐渐增大,对应的滑移速度和滑移长度随之增大.此时,近冷壁面区域的流体温度逐渐超过近热壁面区域的流体温度,流体出现反转温度分布,流体内部热流逆向传递.随着两侧壁面浸润性不对称程度增加,流体反转温度分布更加明显.     

带凹槽的微通道中液滴运动数值模拟

运用改进的耗散粒子动力学方法模拟了液滴在由凹槽所构成的粗糙表面微通道内的运动行为.改进的耗散粒子动力学方法采用新近提出的一种短程排斥、长程吸引相互作用势能函数,从而可以模拟带有自由面的流体,如液滴等.模拟了新势能函数下液滴与固体壁面的静态接触角,并用2次多项式拟合了"接触角-a_wf/a_f"变化曲线.研究了液滴在带凹槽的微通道中运动时,微通道壁面浸润性、外场力、液滴温度对液滴流动特性的影响.研究表明壁面浸润性和外场力对液滴流动特性的影响较大,液滴温度对液滴流动特性的影响较小.研究结果对运用耗散粒子动力学方法模拟并分析微流体在复杂微通道的流动有一定的参考价值.     

Heat and mass transfer on unsteady three-dimensional convective MHD flow past a porous plate moving in a parallel free stream

The unsteady three-dimensional convective flow of a viscous incompressible, electrically conducting fluid over a vertical, insulated, porous surface moving in a parallel free stream has been investigated, which flows belong to a separate class of problem of boundary layer theory. The effects of heat and mass transfer on this unsteady laminar flow past porous surface with transverse sinusoidal suction and oscillatory wall temperature have been analysed and discussed.     

微通道疏水表面滑移的耗散粒子动力学研究

了解疏水表面的滑移规律对其在流动减阻方面的应用至关重要.利用耗散粒子动力学(dissipative particle dynamics, DPD)方法研究了微通道疏水表面的滑移现象.采用固定住的粒子并配合修正的向前反弹机制,构建了DPD固体壁面边界模型,利用该边界模型模拟了平板间的Couette流动.研究结果表明,通过调整壁面与流体间排斥作用强度,壁面能实现从无滑移到滑移的转变,壁面与流体间排斥作用越强,即疏水性越强,壁面滑移越明显,并且滑移长度与接触角之间存在近似的二次函数关系.无滑移时壁面附近密度分布均匀,有滑移时壁面附近存在低密度区域,低密度区域阻碍了动量传递,致使壁面产生滑移.     

Heat Transfer in Oscillating Circular Pipes

An experimental investigation was made to study heat transfer in a pipe which is oscillated about an axis that is parallel to, but offset from, the pipe axis. Air was used as working fluid. The experimental setup was designed so as to provide oscillating motion of a test pipe. The measurement systems were installed on the oscillating section. For both steady and oscillating flows, the bulk air temperature and wall temperature, pressure drop, and frequency were measured. The parameters for this study were chosen as Reynolds number from 5,000 to 20,000 and oscillating frequencies from 10 to 20 Hz. The variations of Nusselt number versus these parameters were determined and presented graphically. Heat transfer enhancement of 42% was achieved at constant pumping power for oscillatory flow.     

Effect of nonstationary thermal gravitation-capillary convection on temperature distribution in a thin vertical wall

Time dependences of temperature distributions in a thin metal wall were studied experimentally under two conditions of convective heat transfer in a tank model. In the first case, the vertical working wall was heated from within due to a convective heat flux from the opposite wall heated monotonously, and it was cooled due to heat transfer to the ambient medium. Dependence of the temperature field on a thin wall at the stage of convective flow development was retraced with the help of the thermographic camera and thermocouple sensors. In the second case, the tank wall was heated uniformly by IR radiation from the outside, and non-stationary convective flow and volumetric liquid heating were formed inside. Time dependence of temperature distribution over the wall height is studied. It is shown that the flow structure and convective heat transfer in a fuel layer with free boundary are subjected not only to the buoyancy force, but also to the thermocapillary effect. The local features of the flow affect temperature distribution in a thin wall.     

Measurement of inertial microaccelerations with the use of convection sensors

The influence of external seismic actions on the convective flows in a Hele-Shaw cell heated from below is investigated theoretically. The temperature and velocity fields and the patterns of flows are calculated in the cases of the detection of vertical and horizontal seismic signals. The results of the calculations will be used in the design of an instrument for detecting microaccelerations of seismic origin. The working fluid is chosen and the optimum geometric parameters of the cavity of the convection sensor are determined using numerical simulation.     

高温壁面润湿性对气层稳定性及其壁面滑移性能的分子动力学研究

针对流体在纳米通道的小尺度效应,采用分子动力学方法模拟了传热效应以及流体流动行为,研究在壁面温度影响下,不同润湿性壁面上方气层生成状态以及流体流动时气层的稳定特性和相应的减阻性能.结果表明:当壁面为纯疏水壁面时,不能形成气层;疏水基底+亲水组合壁面形成不规则气层;纯亲水壁面和亲水基底+疏水组合壁面能形成规则气层.当流体流动时,疏水基底+亲水组合壁面气层消失,而纯亲水壁面和亲水基底+疏水组合壁面气层较为稳定.纯疏水壁面主流区域速度较大,而纯亲水壁面主流区域最低.对于壁面滑移速度,存在气层的壁面滑移速度与纯疏水表面相对接近,甚至稍优于纯属疏水表面,而疏水基底+亲水组合壁面滑移速度最小.     

Turbulent thermal boundary layer on a permeable flat plate

Scaling laws are established for the profiles of temperature, turbulent heat flux, rms temperature fluctuation, and wall heat transfer in the turbulent boundary layer on a flat plate with transpiration. In the case of blowing, the temperature distribution represented in scaling variables outside the viscous sublayer has a universal form known from experimental data for flows over impermeable flat plates. In the case of suction, the temperature distribution is described by a one-parameter family of curves. A universal law of heat transfer having the form of a generalized Reynolds analogy provides a basis for representation of the heat flux distributions corresponding to different Reynolds numbers and transpiration velocities in terms of a function of one variable. The results are obtained without invoking any special closure hypotheses.     

Research on the jet characteristics of the deflector–jet mechanism of the servo valve

In view of the complicated structure of the deflector-jet mechanism,a mathematical model based on the turbulent jet flow theory in the deflector-jet amplifier is proposed.Considering the energy transformation and momentum variation,an equation of the flow velocity distribution at the key fluid region is established to describe the morphological changes of the fluid when it passes through the deflector and jets into the receiver.Moreover,the process is segmented into four stages.According to the research results,the oil enters the deflector and impinges with the side wall.Then one part of the oil's flow velocity decreases and a high pressure zone is formed by the oil accumulation,the other part of the oil reverses out of the deflector along the side wall.Prior to entering the receiver,the flow is a kind of plane impinging jet.Virtually,the working pressure of the receiver is generated by the impact force,while the high speed fluid flows out of the receiver and forms a violent vortex,which generates negative pressure and causes the oil to be gasified.Compared with the numerical simulation results,the turbulent jet model that can effectively describe the characteristics of the deflector-jet mechanism is accurate.In addition,the calculation results of the prestage pressure characteristic have been verified by experiments.     

格子玻尔兹曼方法模拟弯流道中粒子的惯性迁移行为

本文发展了一个能够模拟微流场环境下粒子惯性迁移行为的三维耦合模型.该模型采用基于动理论的格子玻尔兹曼方法(LBM)描述流体流动,采用牛顿动力学模型描述粒子的平动和转动,采用基于LBM反弹格式的运动边界法实现流体与粒子模型的耦合.模拟了重力作用下粒子的沉降过程和Couette流条件下粒子的转动过程,通过将模拟结果与文献中的基准解进行对比定量验证了模型的可靠性.模拟了不同大小的球形粒子在环形流道中的迁移,成功复现了经典的流道截面二次流形成过程,分析了粒径大小对粒子在流道中平衡位置的影响机理.结果表明,粒子在弯流道中的平衡位置与粒径大小密切相关,小半径粒子的平衡位置靠近流道外侧而大半径粒子则靠近流道内侧.通过实验对模拟结果进行了定性验证.本模型为深入研究微流场环境下粒子的运动特性以及开发微流控粒子分选器件提供了参考依据.     

Rheological flow from a die and painting on a moving solid wall

1IntroductionThemanufacturesoffluidfilmandpolymerrequireanunderstandingofthehydrodynamicprocess[1,2].Theenlargedcross-sectionofthefluidjetwasobservedinthepolymerprocessing,wherethedieswellisanimportantphenomenon.TheSwellorDieSwelleffectisexplainedusuallybyrheologicalpropertiesoftheliquidmedium.TannersuggestedatheoryofDie-Swell,andassumedthatthevelocityvectorhasonlyonecomponentalongthejet[3].Becauseofthenon-uniformityofthecross-section,theflowfieldintheDie-Swelltheoryshouldbeatleasttwo-dime…     

脉动参数对波纹通道内传热强化的影响

采用曲线坐标系下压力与速度耦合的SIMPLER算法,数值研究了波纹通道内脉动流动与换热情况,流动Re数的范围为5~500,Pr数为0.7.计算考察了脉动参数如脉动频率和振幅对通道内强化传热和压力损失的影响.研究结果表明,流动阻力特性呈周期性余弦规律变化,换热Nu数呈正弦规律变化;频率、振幅的增大,使得阻力脉动幅度增大.受入口脉动流的影响,通道内的旋涡发生周期性的脱落、增长和迁移,从而增强了流体之间的扰动和掺混,强化了传热;传热的强化效果随着振幅的增大而增强,但在特定入口脉动流下,相同振幅不同频率下的强化效果几乎一致.     

超高功率短脉冲作用下薄壁金属的热特性分析

针对短脉冲高功率热流作用下的薄壁金属导热问题,基于傅里叶导热模型,采用固液耦合计算方法对金属瞬态温度特性进行了数值仿真,并分析了液体工质流速及固体材料物性参数对金属温度瞬态响应和分布的影响作用。分析结果表明:温度响应特性与时间尺度有关,在单次脉冲作用下,在ms量级内热量才能开始通过水侧对流散热散出,25ms后金属内部温度渐趋平衡;在连续脉冲作用下,金属内部温度逐渐升高,一定时间后温度变化达到动态平衡,壁面温度在一定范围内波动;停止加热后,在2s内温度逐渐降低至初始状态。提高水的流速和固体壁面热扩散系数均可降低壁面温度,且缩短温度趋衡所需时间。     

工质对平板型LHP运行特性影响的实验研究

本文研制了一套以不锈钢丝网为毛细芯的平板式蒸发器、风冷管翅式冷凝器的环路热管,并着重研究其以甲醇和丙酮为工质时运行特性的差异。实验结果表明,小型平板式LHP具有良好的启动特性和适应变热负荷能力,在相同的工况条件下,以丙酮为工质的LHP温度波动较小,系统启动较快且蒸发器壁面温度较低,但其极限热负荷能力低于甲醇。     

Waveform analysis of cavitation in a globe valve

Cavitation is a dynamic phenomenon occurring in fluid flows, where the local static pressure is lower than the saturated vapor pressure at working temperature. The growth and collapse of cavitation bubbles leads to corrosion and pitting of metal surfaces. Considering the fact that erosion by cavitation is still one of the current problems, it is important to detect the initiation, fully developed point of cavitation and to analyze its characteristics. In this research, an attempt is made to study acoustic waveform of cavitation in the globe valve. The waveform is transformed by Fast Fourier Transform and its important parameters such as amplitude, energy, frequency and so on are analyzed.     

Thermalization of a two-phase fluid in low gravity: heat transferred from cold to Hot

We present an experimental study of the thermal response to a positive temperature quench in two-phase fluid SF6 in low gravity for temperature ranging from 10.1 to 0.1 K from the critical temperature. The temperature was measured simultaneously in the gas, the liquid, and the cell wall by thermistors and the density distribution was observed by interferometry. During the quench the gas temperature considerably exceeded the temperature of the heating walls (overheating up to 23%). This striking observation is discussed in the light of the adiabatic heat transfer in this highly compressible fluid while the key role of the localization in low gravity of the gas and liquid phases is revealed.     

Flow of a non-Newtonian fluid

The objective of the present study is to calculate flows of a non-Newtonian fluid in a plane channel. An exact solution that determines the distribution of the fluid velocity in the transverse cross section of the channel is obtained under certain conditions concerning the dependence of viscosity on the velocity gradient. It is shown that this distribution differs substantially from a parabolic profile of a Newtonian fluid. It is indicated that, in the flow of a non-Newtonian fluid, its special features never disappear-only the region of a non-Newtonian flow shrinks, becoming localized in the vicinity of the velocity maximum.