固溶时效对Ti-6Cr-5V-5Mo-4Al-1Nb合金组织和力学性能的影响

研究了固溶温度、时效温度、时效时间对Ti-6Cr-5V-5Mo-4Al-1Nb(Ti-65541)合金显微组织与力学性能的影响。结果表明,在β相变点以上固溶并时效后,合金中析出细小的次生α相,初生α相完全消失;在较低温度固溶并时效后,次生α相和初生α相同时存在。时效温度对合金强度和塑性的影响最为显著,固溶温度次之,时效时间的影响最弱。随着时效温度的升高,合金的抗拉强度和屈服强度降低,塑性提高。随着固溶温度的提高,合金的强度提高,塑性降低。随着时效时间的延长,合金强度和塑性总体呈降低趋势。在740～760℃范围内固溶处理,在540～580℃范围内时效且时效时间在4～6 h内,可获得综合性能优异的Ti-65541合金。     

热处理对Ti-8V-8Cr-2Zr-3A1合金丝材组织和性能的影响

分别选用不同的固溶温度、固溶冷却方式和时效保温时间对Ti-8V-8Cr-2Zr-3A1合金丝材进行热处理,研究了热处理制度对丝材室温拉伸性能及金相显微组织的影响。结果表明：固溶处理温度在740～820℃范围内,力学性能及显微组织对温度不敏感,固溶温度继续提高时,材料晶粒明显变大,强度降低,塑性下降;固溶温度为740℃,分别以水淬、空冷方式冷却,材料的组织、性能无明显变化,以炉冷方式冷却,强度提高,塑性下降。眼镜架用Ti-8V-8Cr-2Zr-3A1合金丝材较为理想的热处理工艺为740℃×10min／AC＋550℃×（4～6）h／AC,经该工艺处理后,材料的抗拉强度约1120MPa,延伸率大于12％,能够满足用户要求。     

加工工艺对Ti7Al4Mo合金棒材组织性能和超声声速的影响

为优化Ti7Al4Mo合金棒材制备工艺,对比研究了精锻工艺和热处理对棒材组织、力学性能和超声声速的影响。结果表明：相同精锻变形温度下,变形量大的?40 mm棒材超声声速低于变形量小的?60 mm棒材,但强度稍高。随着变形温度的提高,棒材初生α相含量逐渐降低,但超声声速逐渐提高,强度先提高后降低。固溶水冷棒材的超声声速低于固溶空冷棒材,且随着固溶温度和时效温度的升高,超声声速逐渐提高。随着固溶温度的升高和时效温度的降低,棒材的强度提高但塑性下降。当热处理制度选用(940～960)℃/1.5 h/WQ+(550～600)℃/8 h/AC时,Ti7Al4Mo合金棒材的强度和塑性匹配较好,且超声声速较高。     

热处理对新型β钛合金组织与性能的影响

合理的热处理制度能显著影响β钛合金的显微组织和强化行为。通过对一种新型Ti-Al-V-Mo-Cr-Zr-Nb-Fe亚稳β钛合金的固溶时效处理,研究了热处理工艺对该合金组织与力学性能的影响。结果表明:该合金720℃固溶处理后,可以获得单一均匀的等轴β晶粒,为最佳固溶温度;经440~520℃时效处理后,发现时效温度对该新型合金α相析出的形态与尺寸的影响显著:在较低温度440℃时效时β基体上有针状α相析出,平均晶粒尺寸在1~2μm左右;较高温度520℃时效时,α相宽度和片层间距都增大,α相尺寸长大到3~5μm,针状α相向短棒状转化。在实验温度范围内,随着时效温度升高,合金强度降低,塑性增加。720℃固溶较低温度时效合金可获得较好的强度与韧性匹配。该合金理想的热处理工艺参数为720℃/30 min、空冷(AC)+440℃/12 h、空冷(AC),由此可获得到良好的综合性能(抗拉强度UTS=1412.8 MPa,屈服强度YS=1309.4 MPa,延伸率A=8.56%,断面收缩率Z=44.94%)。     

热处理对深海耐压壳用Ti542222钛合金厚板组织性能影响研究

为获得强度-塑性-韧性最佳匹配的深海耐压壳用Ti542222高强高韧钛合金，研究了固溶温度、时效温度对Ti542222厚板显微组织、力学性能和断口形貌的影响。结果表明：经750～800℃固溶处理后，合金由初生α_p相和亚稳β相组成，且均随温度升高而长大，β基体上次生α_s相发生了由α_s→β的转变，强度降低，韧性提高；当在800～860℃固溶处理时，初生α_p相减少，在β相基体上析出斜方马氏体α″相，且随温度升高，初生α_p相和β相逐渐粗化，α″相大量增加，强度稳步提升，塑、韧性降低；在860℃/1.5 h空冷(AC)+(550～760)℃/4 h AC固溶时效中，当时效温度为550℃时，显微组织与860℃/1.5 h AC退火后基本一致，亚稳β相分解形成的次生α_s相比较细小、均匀，强度仍保持高值，但韧性不能满足深海耐压壳材料需求，当时效温度为630～760℃时，显微组织为初生α_p相、 β相、 α_s相，且随着时效温度升高，...     

固溶温度对改型Inconel 718合金组织和性能的影响

用X-射线衍射法(XRD)和扫描电镜(SEM)研究了960～1020℃固溶+720℃8 h炉冷至620℃8 h空冷(二次时效)处理的改型718合金的力学性能和组织。结果表明,随固溶温度的提高。合金室温和350℃强度降低,塑性和韧性显著提高。随固溶温度升高,合金中强化相η数量减少,1000℃时完全消失;强化相γ′+γ″随固溶温度升高而增加,达到1000℃时最多。固溶+二次时效后,大部分γ′尺寸为10～18 nm。     

热处理工艺对Ti60合金持久性能的影响

将α+β两相区变形的Ti60合金锻件分别在950、995、1015℃进行固溶处理,研究了固溶温度和冷却方式对Ti60合金微观组织及持久性能的影响。结果表明:Ti60合金的显微组织和持久性能受固溶温度和冷却方式的双重影响。950℃固溶处理,冷却方式对合金组织的影响较小,空冷试样的持久性能略低于油冷试样。995℃和1015℃固溶处理,随温度的升高组织中的初生α相含量降低,空冷组织中的初生α相尺寸略大于油冷组织;在实验温度范围内,Ti60合金的持久性能随固溶温度的升高而升高,且在相同固溶温度下,空冷试样在600℃、340 MPa下的持久寿命明显高于油冷试样。次生α相的含量和α板条/α集束的尺寸是影响Ti60合金持久寿命的重要因素,合金的持久寿命与二者成正相关。     

固溶温度对Ti6Al4V ELI钛合金显微组织及性能的影响

采用扫描电镜(SEM)和金相显微镜(OM)研究了固溶热处理对Ti6Al4V ELI钛合金显微组织的演变规律,以及显微组织对力学性能的影响关系,结果表明:随着固溶温度的升高,Ti6A14V ELI钛合金初生αp相含量降低,片层α相厚度和β晶粒尺寸均增加;钛合金强度和塑性均随着固溶温度的升高而降低,在952℃固溶后时效,抗拉强度可达915 MPa,延伸率16.8％,断裂韧性仅为84 MPa·m1/2;在997℃进行固溶后时效,钛合金抗拉强度降低至861 MPa,延伸率9.6％,断裂韧性达115 MPa·m1/2.在952℃进行固溶,Ti6A14V ELI钛合金为韧性断裂,提高固溶温度后合金呈韧脆混合型断裂.     

固溶时效工艺对TC4钛合金组织及性能的影响

采用冷等静压、真空烧结的方法制备TC4钛合金,研究了不同固溶温度和时效温度对TC4钛合金组织及性能的影响。结果表明:冷等静压、真空烧结的方法制备的TC4粉末钛合金的抗拉强度可达852MPa,伸长率为16%;随着固溶温度的提高,钛合金的抗拉强度提高,伸长率降低,而随着时效温度的提高,抗拉强度降低,伸长率提高。在960℃×30min固溶、470℃×4h时效时,合金的抗拉强度达到1078MPa,伸长率达到11%。     

固溶时效处理对SLM成形CoCrWMo合金组织与性能的影响

采用激光选区熔化成形工艺制备CoCrWMo合金,将合金在1 200℃固溶1 h后再分别在600,700,750,800和900℃下时效10 h,研究固溶-时效处理对合金组织与性能的影响。结果表明,SLM成形态CoCrWMo合金由FCC的γ相和HCP的ε相马氏体组成。在固溶时效过程中,发生γ相(FCC相)向ε相(HCP相)的转变,随时效温度升高,ε相马氏体含量增加,同时析出沉淀物M_(23)C_6(M=Cr,Mo,W)。在750℃时效的合金中,ε相比例为77%,表明时效处理可促进FCC→HCP马氏体的相变,所有时效态合金的显微硬度均明显高于固溶态合金的硬度。在750℃时效的合金,在兼顾伸长率的同时,强度提高,抗拉强度和屈服强度分别为1 076 MPa和820.8 MPa,伸长率达10.5%。     

Effect of antibiotics of chemotaxis of human leukocytes

The effect of 20 different antibiotics on chemotaxis by human neutrophils was studied. Human leukocytes incubated with chloramphenicol, rifampin, sodium fusidate, and tetracyclines in vitro showed markedly depressed migration. The mechanisms by which these antibiotics affect leukotaxis are discussed.     

Quality of life of relatives of mental patients

Usage of quality of life of psychiatric patients' relatives as the parameter of estimation of the quality of psychiatric care is considered. By means of standard questionnaire elaborated by the authors as well as by means of both individual and group conversations the quality of life was analyzed in 40 relatives which lived together with psychiatric patients. Different spheres of their life and difficulties (financial, social-psychologic, production) were examined in families with such patients. The defects of psychiatric care that had direct influence on the quality of life of the psychiatric patients' relatives are outlined.     

转炉炉壳热应力分析

根据实际转炉建立实体模型。以有限元为手段,考虑了炉衬和炉壳材料的物性参数随温度变化的特点和炉衬与炉壳之间膨胀间隙,计算了转炉炉壳在温度载荷和炉衬膨胀压力同时作用下的热应力。所得结果可为转炉炉壳设计提供依据。     

The effect of amount of possession of the trait of hostility on accuracy of perception of hostility in others.

Some theories of personality hold that an individual's perception of others is influenced by his own personality characteristics; more specifically, that a trait of low social value will be projected more into others, and that insight into the possession of these characteristics reduces this distortion. These 2 hypotheses were tested by having a group of college students rate each other (including themselves) on degree of friendliness or hostility. Agreement with group rating about self yielded the insight score. In general, the hypotheses were supported; the "friendly" Ss were most accurate in their perception of others, and insight was positively associated with accurate perception. From Psyc Abstracts 36:04:4HL16M. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Comparison of rates of infection of two methods of emergency ventricular drainage

The rates of infection of two methods of external ventricular drainage in use at Atkinson Morley's Hospital--namely, (a) percutaneous drainage with Rickham reservoirs and (b) tunnelled ventriculostomies--were compared in this retrospective review. Percutaneous drainage of CSF with Rickham reservoirs was associated with a 27% rate of infection as identified by positive microbiological cultures; tunnelled ventriculostomy catheters had a 10% infection rate. The difference in the infection rate between the two methods was statistically significant (P < 0.015). Other variables examined, including the age and sex of the patients and the reasons for ventricular drainage, were not associated with an increased rate of infection. Most infections from either method were caused by a coagulase negative staphylococcus. The average duration of ventricular drainage before identification of positive cultures was 5.7 days for Rickham reservoirs and 6.0 days for ventriculostomies.     

浅析《野草》的版画特征

鲁迅先生一生热爱美术作品,对版画中木刻兴趣尤甚.<野草>作为其"写心之作",亦呈现出一些与木刻版画一致的审美特征:一是具有木刻版画的色彩特征,多对比、多冷色,有阴郁的美感;二是具有木刻版画的力度特征,环境描写、人物刻画处处刀锋毕现,遒劲有力,有一种"力之美".     

四辊破碎机车刀架的改造

针对四辊破碎机车刀架车削中存在的几个问题,详细介绍了电动车刀架的结构和工作原理,建立主要设计参数的数学表达式,并进行适当的分析。改造后,这种电动车刀架运行平稳、可靠、方便、省力,取得了预期的效果。