线阵CCD用于长距离衍射准直测量

本文介绍了在半导体激光光纤与位相板相结合的准直情况下,利用线阵ＣＣＤ探测器测量大型工件形位误差遇到的光强变化而引起测量误差的问题,并对用线阵ＣＣＤ进行衍射信号测量的原理和特点作了分析。根据ＣＣＤ的工作原理和特性,提出了利用自动控制ＣＣＤ积分时间的方法,使ＣＣＤ输出的信号峰值保持恒定,提高了系统的测量精度。     

CCD用于全息光栅常数实时测量研究

本文讨论了在制造全息光栅过程中，ＣＣＤ实时测量全息光栅常数的方法。其方法可实现高精度、全自动在线测量全息光栅常数，比传统的测量优越。文章用简单的装置借助ＣＣＤ进行数据采集、数据处理，实现快速自动测量光栅常数，在全息光学中有应用价值，对推广ＣＣＤ应用技术，促进光学测量现代化有现实意义。     

使用CCD测量玻璃管内液体界面位置的灵巧测量头

本文介绍一种使用线阵ＣＣＤ进行玻璃管内液位测量的光电测量头。与其他ＣＣＤ尺寸测量的光学系统不同，本文依据不同的液体具有不同的折射率，提出利用柱形容器中液体的聚光特性，得到两种不同液体的分界面在线阵ＣＣＤ上清晰的像。     

平行度垂直度测量仪中的自动调光控制

依据改变线性ＣＣＤ的积分时间可调节其曝光量的特点，将ＣＣＤ的曝光量即其输出的测量信号控制在某一可调的目标电平上，使得采用线阵ＣＣＤ的平行度垂直度测量仪能够在很大的测量范围内准确测量，而不会出现ＣＣＤ饱和等现象。     

CCD尺寸测量光学系统设计原理

介绍ＣＣＤ尺寸测量光学系统的设计原理．重点分析远心光路中的像点弥散、一维光纤列阵照明系统及利用像点弥散斑评价ＣＣＤ光学系统像质的方法。给出一种ＣＣＤ测量光学系统设计实例及其像质评价结果．     

一种使用线阵型CCD实现高精度二维位置测量的方法

介绍了一种使用ＣＣＤ测量位置的方法。与其它ＣＣＤ位置测量系统不同，通过设计一个特殊的光学系统，实现了使用两个线阵型ＣＣＤ进行高精度二维位置坐标测量。文中对该光学系统进行了误差分析，证实该方法具有很高的测量精度。该二维位置测量方法具有一些突出的优点：系统响应速度快，可以对动态目标进行测量；测量精度高；制造成本低。上述特点使它在工业制造领域内有着广阔的应用前景。     

透射光栅测量的解谱方法

对透射光栅谱仪配Ｘ射线ＣＣＤ的软Ｘ射线谱测量系统ＴＧ－ＸＣＣＤ进行了简要描述,提出了正交函数展开法用于透射光栅谱仪配Ｘ射线ＣＣＤ测量的谱回推。将正交展开法用于激光打击金盘靶的软Ｘ射线谱回推,并与迭代法的解谱结果进行了比较。结果基本一致,不对此测量系统进行了误差分析。     

螺旋测微计在测量金属杨氏模量中的应用

本根据拉伸法测量金属杨氏模量的原理,对利用螺旋测微计测量金属杨氏模量的方法做了可行性分析,并在此基础上设计出一套完整的借助螺旋测微计测量金属杨氏模量的方法。     

线阵CCD用于实时动态测量技术研究

本文研究的是在连续光条件下线阵ＣＣＤ实时动态测量技术,除了考虑ＣＣＤ像元响应非均匀性、非线性等影响因素外,还应认真考虑采样频率、测量精度、动态范围、快速电路等问题。本文还详细讨论了测量精度和动态范围问题,推导了测量精度公式与动态范围公式。为了减小测量误差和提高被测信号的频率,必须相应减小积分时间。精度公式是进行线阵ＣＣＤ电路设计的基本依据公式。动态范围与频率无关,只与结构参数有关,为了充分利用ＣＣＤ的动态范围,激光功率要可调。     

光的衍射法测量杨氏模量

拉伸法测量金属丝杨氏模量的关键是如何测准金属丝在拉力作用下的微小伸长量。本文利用光的衍射法可以较精确地测量长度变化这一特点，对钢丝的杨氏模量进行了测量，给出测量杨氏模量的一种新方法。     

基于MATLAB的最小二乘法处理杨氏模量测量数据的研究

分析了支撑共振法测量固体材料杨氏模量的实验原理,用最小二乘法代替外延法处理测量数据,给出MATLAB数学软件具体处理程序,运行得到试样基振频率并直接求出其杨氏模量以及相对误差,大大的简化了实验的计算处理过程并且减小了实验误差。     

剖析钢丝弹性模量测量中的影响因素

钢丝弹性模量测量导致产生测量误差的因素很多,其中有反射镜的摆放、反射镜后脚长度调整、反射镜望远镜和标尺高度的调整、钢丝长度的测量、钢架水平的调整等。详细分析了以上诸多因素对钢丝弹性模量测量产生误差的原因。     

金属管杨氏模量与温度关系的实验研究

采用动力学共振法测量不同管径金属管的共振频率,运用origin软件对实验数据进行二次函数拟合,代入管状材料杨氏模量的计算公式得到试样的杨氏模量。通过加热控温设备改变金属管温度,研究金属管杨氏模量与温度的关系。实验结果表明金属管杨氏模量的大小与温度成线性关系。     

The shear modulus of the human vocal fold in a transverse direction

The aim of this study was to measure the shear modulus of the vocal fold in a human hemilarynx, such that the data can be related to direction of applied stress and anatomical context. Dynamic spring rate data were collected using a modified linear skin rheometer using human hemilarynges, and converted to estimated shear modulus via application of a simple shear model. The measurement probe was attached to the epithelial layer of the vocal fold cover using suction. A sinusoidal force of 3g was applied to the epithelium, and the resultant displacement logged at a rate of 1kHz. Force measurement accuracy was 20microg and position measurement accuracy was 4microm. The force was applied in a transverse direction at the midmembranous point between the vocal process and the anterior commissure. The shear modulus of the three female vocal folds ranged from 814 to 1232Pa. The shear modulus of the three male vocal folds ranged from 1021 to 1796Pa. These data demonstrate that it is possible to obtain estimates for the shear modulus of the vocal fold while preserving anatomical context. The modulus values reported here are higher than those reported using parallel plate rheometry. This is to be expected as the tissue is attached to surrounding structures, and is under natural tension.     

基于安柏AT810数字电桥的杨氏模量的测定

引入了电桥法测量杨氏模量,用自制平行板电容器对传统的实验装置进行改进,用电容的变化来表征微小位移的变化,使用数字电桥测量仪作为信号采集下位机、PC机作为上位机并使用MATLAB作为信号处理软件,减小了人工测量等因素所产生的误差,由此给出了一种测量杨氏模量更精确的方法。     

光学玻璃弹性模量的自动化测量方法

针对现有光学玻璃弹性模量测量周期长、测量过程复杂等问题，提出了一种利用计算机图像处理技术快速测量小样品光学平板玻璃弹性模量的方法。基于接触力学理论和牛顿环干涉原理推导出测量光学玻璃弹性模量的解析式，利用图像处理技术的优势，通过摄像头拍摄牛顿环干涉图像，设计MFC监控与单张图片拍摄界面程序，自动测量牛顿环干涉图像中心黑斑半径，最后根据光学玻璃弹性模量与牛顿环干涉图像中心黑斑半径及牛顿环中心应力之间的关联关系，实现小样品光学玻璃弹性模量的快速测量。实验结果表明:在应力31.17 N～55.11 N范围内，光学玻璃弹性模量的测量相对误差不超过±8.8%；在应力55.11 N～71.07 N范围内，测量相对误差不超过±16%。     

Analogy between electric parameters of inhomogeneous media and geometrical characteristics of the fractal line

Analogy is established between the surface impedance modulus, frequency, and skin depth of inhomogeneous media on the one hand and the fractal line length, measurement scale, and the number of measurement scales required for measuring length, respectively, on the other hand. This analogy makes it possible to obtain frequency characteristics of the skin layer and the surface impedance modulus independently from other methods. The frequency characteristics satisfactorily describe sedimentary and crystalline rocks in a wide frequency range.     

Quantification issues in the identification of nanoscale regions of homopolymers using modulus measurement via AFM nanoindentation

Since 1989, AFMs have been used to map the nanomechanical properties of surfaces using measurements such as force-distance curves. Quantification of the force and elastic parameters are critical to the nanomechanical analysis and positive identification of materials at the nanoscale, as well as for assessing behaviour at surfaces. In recent years, there have been AFM papers publishing “quantitative” values for the indentation modulus, however, many involved large uncertainties arising from the lack of calibration of key components, the use of manufacturers’ nominal values for these components or the use of incorrect models. This paper addresses the quantification issues in modulus measurement at surfaces for homogeneous materials using force-distance curves and how to do this with sufficient accuracy to identify materials at the nanoscale. We review the available theory and describe two routes to quantitative modulus measurement using both the AFM on its own and the AFM combined with a nanoindenter. The first involves the direct measurement of modulus using a fully calibrated instrument and allows depth analysis. The second uses indirect measurement through calibration by reference materials of known reduced modulus. For depth analysis by this second route, these reference moduli need to be known as a function of depth. We show that, using the second route, an unknown polymer may be analysed using the nanoindenter, its modulus determined and, providing the moduli of the polymers to be identified or distinguished differ by more than 20%, identified with 95% confidence. We recommend that users evaluate a set of reference samples using a traceable nanoindenter via the first route, and then use these to calibrate the AFM by the second route for identification of nano-regions using the AFM.     

Measurement of adhesion energies and Young's modulus in thin polymer films using a novel axi-symmetric peel test geometry

We present a novel method of probing adhesion energies of solids, particularly polymers. This method uses the axi-symmetric deformation of a thin spincast polymer membrane brought into contact with a flat substrate to probe the work of adhesion. The use of a thin membrane minimizes uncertainty in the radius of contact, while the use of spincast films provides very smooth surfaces by means of a very simple method. The experimental profile of the deformed membrane shows good agreement with the expected logarithmic profile. The experimental setup enables the measurement of Young's modulus and the solid-solid work of adhesion for thin films. The value obtained for Young's modulus of polystyrene (PS) was found to be in agreement with other conventional measurement techniques. In addition, measurement of the work of adhesion at the PS/silicon oxide interface was possible. The apparatus is well suited to studying the dependence of Young's modulus, work of adhesion and fracture energy on membrane thickness, temperature, pulling rate, and ageing of the interface, and can readily be modified to study biologically relevant samples.     

Evaluation of elastic modulus of cantilever beam by TA-ESPI

The paper proposes an evaluation technique for the elastic modulus of a cantilever beam by vibration analysis based on time average electronic speckle pattern interferometry (TA-ESPI) and Euler-Bernoulli equation. General approaches for the measurement of elastic modulus of a thin film are the Nano indentation test, Buldge test, Micro-tensile test, and so on. They each have strength and weakness in the preparation of the test specimen and the analysis of experimental results. ESPI is a type of laser speckle interferometry technique offering non-contact, high-resolution and whole-field measurement. The technique is a common measurement method for vibration mode visualization and surface displacement. Whole-field vibration mode shape (surface displacement distribution) at resonance frequency can be visualized by ESPI. And the maximum surface displacement distribution from ESPI can be used to find the resonance frequency for each vibration mode shape. And the elastic modules of a test material can be easily estimated from the measured resonance frequency and Euler-Bernoulli equation. The TA-ESPI vibration analysis technique can be used to find the elastic modulus of a material requiring simple preparation process and analysis.