Adaptive tracking control of nonlinear systems with dynamic uncertainties using neural network

In this paper, an adaptive neural tracking control approach is proposed for a class of nonlinear systems with dynamic uncertainties. The radial basis function neural networks (RBFNNs) are used to estimate the unknown nonlinear uncertainties, and then a novel adaptive neural scheme is developed, via backstepping technique. In the controller design, instead of using RBFNN to approximate each unknown function, we lump all unknown functions into a suitable unknown function that is approximated by only a RBFNN in each step of the backstepping. It is shown that the designed controller can guarantee that all signals in the closed-loop system are semi-globally bounded and the tracking error finally converges to a small domain around the origin. Two examples are given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme.     

非参数不确定时滞系统的重复控制

针对非参数不确定时滞系统,给出能够实现跟踪误差本身沿整个周期完全跟踪的重复控制器设计．针对系统不确定特性的界函数已知和未知两种情形,分别分析闭环系统的稳定性与收敛性．控制器中学习部分采用完全饱和形式,使得参数估计囿于一预先给定的范围内．该控制律可保证闭环系统内所有信号有界以及跟踪误差本身趋于零．数值仿真表明算法的有效性．     

Adaptive tracking control for random nonlinear system

In this note, we consider a class of strict‐feedback random nonlinear system with unknown parameters,which is different from nonlinear systems described by Itó stochastic differential equations. The skills to deal with the effect of Wiener process for stochastic nonlinear systems are not suitable for random nonlinear system. We employ separation technique to design an adaptive backstepping controller such that the output can practically track a given signal and other signals are bounded in probability. A simulation example is presented to demonstrate reasonability and efficiency of the proposed method. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Adaptive dynamic surface asymptotic tracking for a class of uncertain nonlinear systems

This paper contributes to dynamic surface asymptotic tracking for a class of uncertain nonlinear systems in strict‐feedback form. By utilizing the nonlinear filters with a positive time‐varying integral function, an adaptive state feedback controller is explicitly designed via a dynamic surface approach, where the compensating term with the estimate of an unknown bound is introduced to eliminate the effect raised by the boundary layer error at each step. Compared with the existing results in the literature, the proposed control scheme not only avoids the issue of “explosion of complexity” inherent in the backstepping procedure but also holds the asymptotic output tracking. Finally, simulation results are presented to verify the effectiveness of the proposed methodology.     

基于观测器跟踪非一致轨迹的迭代学习控制器设计

针对状态难以直接测量的一类不确定非线性系统,基于状态观测器进行相应的迭代学习控制设计,可实现在给定区间上对变轨迹的全局精确跟踪．当任意两次迭代的目标轨迹完全不同,并且系统状态信息不完全已知时,通过引入能量函数的方法,可以证明随迭代次数增加,跟踪误差渐近收敛至零．仿真结果验证了结果的有效性．     

针对时变轨迹的非线性仿射系统的鲁棒近似最优跟踪控制

针对非线性连续系统难以跟踪时变轨迹的问题,本文首先通过系统变换引入新的状态变量从而将非线性系统的最优跟踪问题转化为一般非线性时不变系统的最优控制问题,并基于近似动态规划算法(ADP)获得近似最优值函数与最优控制策略.为有效地实现该算法,本文利用评价网与执行网来估计值函数及相应的控制策略,并且在线更新二者.为了消除神经网络近似过程中产生的误差,本文在设计控制器时增加一个鲁棒项;并且通过Lyapunov稳定性定理来证明本文提出的控制策略可保证系统跟踪误差渐近收敛到零,同时也验证在较小的误差范围内,该控制策略能够接近于最优控制策略.最后给出两个时变跟踪轨迹实例来证明该方法的可行性与有效性.     

Adaptive robust consensus tracking for nonlinear second‐order multi‐agent systems with heterogeneous uncertainties

This paper addresses the consensus tracking problem for a class of heterogeneous nonlinear second‐order multi‐agent systems with parametric uncertainties, unmodeled dynamics, and bounded external disturbances. By linearly parameterizing the control input of the leader, two distributed adaptive robust consensus tracking control protocols with dynamic and fixed coupling gains are constructed based on the relative information from neighboring agents. The global tracking errors are shown to be guaranteed to exponentially converge to a ball with a constant radius at a prescribed rate of convergence under external disturbances. Finally, a numerical example is provided to verify the theoretical results. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Adaptive neural tracking control for a class of stochastic nonlinear systems

This paper investigates the problem of adaptive neural control design for a class of single‐input single‐output strict‐feedback stochastic nonlinear systems whose output is an known linear function. The radial basis function neural networks are used to approximate the nonlinearities, and adaptive backstepping technique is employed to construct controllers. It is shown that the proposed controller ensures that all signals of the closed‐loop system remain bounded in probability, and the tracking error converges to an arbitrarily small neighborhood around the origin in the sense of mean quartic value. The salient property of the proposed scheme is that only one adaptive parameter is needed to be tuned online. So, the computational burden is considerably alleviated. Finally, two numerical examples are used to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Filtering adaptive neural network controller for multivariable nonlinear systems with mismatched uncertainties

This paper synthesizes a filtering adaptive neural network controller for multivariable nonlinear systems with mismatched uncertainties. The multivariable nonlinear systems under consideration have both matched and mismatched uncertainties, which satisfy the semiglobal Lipschitz condition. The nonlinear uncertainties are approximated by a Gaussian radial basis function (GRBF)‐based neural network incorporated with a piecewise constant adaptive law, where the adaptive law will generate adaptive parameters by solving the error dynamics between the real system and the state predictor with the neglection of unknowns. The combination of GRBF‐based neural network and piecewise constant adaptive law relaxes hardware limitations (CPU). A filtering control law is designed to handle the nonlinear uncertainties and deliver a good tracking performance with guaranteed robustness. The matched uncertainties are cancelled directly by adopting their opposite in the control signal, whereas a dynamic inversion of the system is required to eliminate the effect of the mismatched uncertainties on the output. Since the virtual reference system defines the best performance that can be achieved by the closed‐loop system, the uniform performance bounds are derived for the states and control signals via comparison. To validate the theoretical findings, comparisons between the model reference adaptive control method and the proposed filtering adaptive neural network control architecture with the implementation of different sampling time are carried out.     

非参数不确定性非线性系统的自适应观测器设计

本文考虑一类不确定非线性系统的自适应观测器设计问题.系统的不确定性不能参数化,这类非线性系统的观测器无法用传统方法设计.首先用神经网络对系统的不确定性进行逼近,然后利用神经网络的基函数向量对系统进行滤波变换,再由此构造自适应观测器.给出了观测误差估计.本文结果表明适当选定神经网络的逼近精度和调整观测器的设计参数可使观测误差任意地小.     

一类基于模糊逻辑系统的非线性系统自适应跟踪控制

利用非线性不确定系统的动态数学模型和模糊逻辑系统，对不确定性的输出信息，设计出被控系统的自适应鲁棒跟踪控制器和模糊逻辑系统参数估计的自适应律．在较弱的假设条件下，证明了这种控制器能使被控系统的状态及参数估计误差一致终极有界．仿真实例表明，所提出的方法是有效的．     

非参数不确定系统约束迭代学习控制

讨论一类非参数不确定系统的约束迭代学习控制问题.构造二次分式型障碍李雅普诺夫函数(Barrier Lyapunov functions),用于学习控制器设计.控制方案采用鲁棒方法与学习机制相结合的手段处理非参数不确定性,鲁棒方法对处理后的不确定性的界予以补偿,学习机制对处理后的不确定性进行估计.可实现系统状态在整个作业区间上完全跟踪参考轨迹,并使得系统误差的二次型在迭代过程中囿于预设的界内,进而在运行过程中实现状态约束.提出的迭代学习算法包括部分限幅与完全限幅学习算法.采用这种BLF约束控制系统有利于提高控制系统中设备安全性.仿真结果用于验证所提出控制方法的有效性.     

基于未知高频增益的非线性系统自适应迭代学习控制

针对一类单输入单输出不确定非线性重复跟踪系统,提出一种基于完全未知高频反馈增益的自适应迭代学习控制.与普通迭代学习控制需要学习增益稳定性前提条件不同,自适应迭代学习控制通过不断修改Nussbaum形式的高频学习增益达到收敛.经证明当迭代次数i→∞时,重复跟踪误差可一致收敛到任意小界δ.仿真结果表明了该控制方法的有效性.     

Adaptive NN state error PCH trajectory tracking control for unmanned surface vessel with uncertainties and input saturation

A novel robust state error port controlled Hamiltonian (PCH) trajectory tracking controller of an unmanned surface vessel (USV) subject to time-varying disturbances, dynamic uncertainties and control input saturation is presented. The proposed control scheme combines the advantages of the high robustness and energy minimization of the state error PCH approach and the approximation capability of adaptive radial basis function neural networks (RBFNNs). Adaptive RBFNNs are used to the time-varying disturbances of the environment and unknown dynamics uncertainties of the USV model. The state error PCH control approach is designed such that the system can optimize energy consumption, and the state error PCH technique makes the designed trajectory tracking controller be easy to implement in practice. To handle the effect of the control input saturation, a Gaussian error function model is employed. It has been demonstrated that the proposed approach can maintain the USV's trajectory at the desired trajectory, while the closed-loop control system can guarantee the uniformly ultimate boundedness. The energy consumption model of the USV is constructed to reveal to the energy consumption. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed controller.     

Nonrepetitive trajectory tracking for nonlinear autonomous agents with asymmetric output constraints using parametric iterative learning control

In this paper, we present a novel parametric iterative learning control (ILC) algorithm to deal with trajectory tracking problems for a class of nonlinear autonomous agents that are subject to actuator faults. Unlike most of the ILC literature, the desired trajectories in this work can be iteration dependent, and the initial position of the agent in each iteration can be random. Both parametric and nonparametric system unknowns and uncertainties, in particular the control input gain functions that are not fully known, are considered. A new type of universal barrier functions is proposed to guarantee the satisfaction of asymmetric constraint requirements, feasibility of the controller, and prescribed tracking performance. We show that under the proposed algorithm, the distance and angle tracking errors can uniformly converge to an arbitrarily small positive number and zero, respectively, over the iteration domain, beyond a small user‐prescribed initial time interval in each iteration. A numerical simulation is presented in the end to demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed algorithm.     

基于预设性能的非仿射非线性系统自适应有限时间控制

针对一类具有死区的非仿射非线性系统,将预设性能控制与有限时间控制相结合,提出一种具有预设性能的自适应有限时间跟踪控制方法.基于Backstepping技术、模糊逻辑系统及有限时间Lyapunov稳定理论,给出使系统半全局实际有限时间稳定(semi-globally practically finite-time stable,SGPFS)的充分条件和设计步骤.该控制策略不仅使系统的输出误差在有限时间内收敛到一个预先设定区域,同时保证其收敛速度、最大超调量和稳态误差均满足预先设定的性能要求.最后通过仿真示例验证了所提出设计方法的有效性.     

控制方向未知非线性系统的自适应重复控制

针对控制方向未知的、存在周期性非参数不确定性的一类非线性系统,给出零误差跟踪的重复控制方法.引入Nussbaum函数设计自适应重复控制器,参数估计修正律采用完全饱和形式,将参数估计囿于预先给定的范围内.分析表明,闭环系统中所有信号本身有界,且跟踪误差本身趋于零.数值仿真结果验证了算法的有效性.     

Adaptive output‐feedback tracking for nonlinear systems with rather general control coefficients

This paper studies the problem of global practical tracking by output feedback for a class of uncertain nonlinear systems with unmeasured state‐dependent growth and unknown time‐varying control coefficients. Compared with the closely related works, the remarkableness of this paper is that the upper and lower bounds of unknown control coefficients are not required to be known a priori. Motivated by our recent works, by combining the methods of universal control and deadzone with the backstepping technique and skillfully constructing a novel Lyapunov function, we propose a new adaptive tracking control scheme with appropriate design parameters. The new scheme guarantees that the state of the resulting closed‐loop system is globally bounded while the tracking error converges to a prescribed arbitrarily small neighborhood of the origin after a finite time. Two examples, including a practical example, are given to illustrate the effectiveness of the theoretical results.     

Adaptive dynamic surface control for MIMO nonlinear time-varying systems with prescribed tracking performance

In this paper, an adaptive dynamic surface control scheme is proposed for a class of multi-input multi-output (MIMO) nonlinear time-varying systems. By fusing a bound estimation approach, a smooth function and a time-varying matrix factorisation, the obstacle caused by unknown time-varying parameters is circumvented. The proposed scheme is free of the problem of explosion of complexity and needs only one updated parameter at each design step. Moreover, all tracking errors can converge to predefined arbitrarily small residual sets with a prescribed convergence rate and maximum overshoot. Such features result in a simple adaptive controller which can be easily implemented in applications with less computational burden and satisfactory tracking performance. Simulation results are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.     

含有不灵敏区非线性系统的增益调度自适应变结构控制

针对具有控制输入不灵敏区及有界不确定性的非线性系统,采用增益调度变结构控制策略,研究其镇定问题.利用增益调度策略和自适应参数估计方法,在同时存在参数、结构及干扰的不确定性和未知控制输入不灵敏区的情形下,提出了新的增益调度自适应变结构镇定控制律设计方法,既节省了控制能量,又消除了控制信号的颤振.所提出的控制律可以保证闭环输出为一致终结有界,并且算法比较简单,便于实现.用数字仿真方法验证了所得控制律设计方法的有效性.