白内障术后应用糖皮质激素导致高眼压与原发眼病的关系

目的观察白内障患者术后使用糖皮质激素后的眼压变化,探讨白内障术后糖皮质激素性高眼压与原发眼病的关系.方法随机选取术前眼压正常、老年性白内障60例(96眼)、并发糖尿病性白内障患者32例(48眼)、高度近视患者31例(46眼),进行超声乳化白内障摘除及人工晶状体植入术,术后局部用0.1%地塞米松眼水(典必殊),观察2wk及4wk时的眼压.结果有5例(7眼)2wk后眼压升高＞25 mmHg,均为高度近视患者.停药后眼压可以恢复正常.结论高度近视患者为糖皮质激素高反应患者,白内障术后(尤其术前高度近视患者)应该慎用糖皮质激素.(中国眼耳鼻喉科杂志,2005,5:367～368)     

后房型人工晶状体植入术后高眼压的临床分析

目的:探讨白内障摘除联合后房型人工晶状体植入术后高眼压的相关危险因素、原因及防治。方法:回顾性分析3043眼白内障摘除联合人工晶状体植入术后的临床资料。结果:发生高眼压共52例,发生率1.4%。术后高眼压的相关因素为术前有眼内手术史,高度近视史,糖尿病史,色素膜炎史,及短眼轴。结论:白内障摘除人工晶状体植入术后由于不同原因可导致高眼压,应于术后注意观察眼压,尤其对高危人群。术者手术熟练度及手术技巧的提高,及对术后高眼压及时发现和正确处理,能有效促进术后视功能的恢复。     

白内障手术后急性高眼压快速处理法

目的:探讨白内障手术后急性高眼压的快速处理。方法:对于手术前无青光眼史、眼压正常的白内障患者,手术后眼压增高者,应用表面麻醉,开睑,1mL消毒注射器压迫辅助切口后唇,房水自然流出,眼压随即下降。结果:共处理白内障手术后高眼压67例,放水1次眼压恢复正常者65例,两次放水眼压恢复正常者1例,4次1例。其中6例放水后前房出血,经半卧位休息及全身应用止血药后3～5d出血吸收。无其它并发症。结论:应用辅助切口放出房水治疗白内障手术后高眼压,无应用高渗脱水剂引起肾功能障碍的风险,治疗后眼压随即下降,角膜恢复透明,高眼压临床症状立即消失,减少了高眼压对手术眼视力的损害,且无特殊并发症,经济实用,可以在临床推广应用。     

晶状体溶解性青光眼患者白内障手术后高眼压的危险因素

目的：探讨晶状体溶解性青光眼(PLG)患者白内障手术术后高眼压的危险因素。

方法：回顾性分析。2010-01/2020-12我院148例148眼行白内障手术治疗的PLG患者的临床资料,根据其术后高眼压发生情况分为非高眼压组(126例)与高眼压组(22例)。采用Logistic回归分析评估PLG患者白内障手术术后高眼压的危险因素。构建列线图预测模型,并绘制受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)评估列线图模型的预测能力。

结果：两组患者年龄、性别、BMI、白内障晶状体核分级、合并高血压及手术方式均无差异(P>0.05); 高眼压组患者合并糖尿病、高度近视、术前合并色素膜炎、术前合并眼外伤及术中并发症占比均高于非高眼压组(P<0.05)。Logistic回归分析显示,合并糖尿病、高度近视、术前合并色素膜炎、术前合并眼外伤及术中并发症是PLG患者白内障手术术后高眼压的影响因素。本研究构建的列线图模型拟合效果良好,其ROC曲线下面积为0.906(0.890～0.921),表明具有较强的预测能力。

结论：术中并发症、术前合并色素膜炎、合并眼外伤、合并糖尿病及高度近视的PLG患者白内障手术后发生高眼压的风险较高,临床应对这些患者予以重视,以期改善患者的预后。     

白内障超声乳化人工晶状体植入术后高眼压的探讨

目的 探讨白内障超声乳化摘除人工晶状体植入术后高眼压的原因及治疗。方法 对86例(86只眼)白内障超声乳化摘除人工晶状体植入患者进行术前术后观察。结果 发生高眼压共13例，均有前房炎性反应，其中5例考虑为粘弹剂残留，1例为皮质残留。结论 白内障超声乳化摘除人工晶状体植入术后由于不同原因可导致高眼压．应于术后注意观察眼压，以便及时处理，提高手术疗效。     

白内障术中突发高眼压的临床分析

目的探讨不同术式白内障手术术中突发高眼压的原因及处理方法。方法回顾性分析白内障现代囊外摘出人工晶状体植入术、手法小切口白内障手术及超声乳化吸出及人工晶体植入术共66例66眼,术中眼压升高的原因、表现、处理方法及预防措施。结果白内障现代囊外摘出术中突发高眼压发生率及严重程度明显高于超声乳化和手法小切口白内障手术(P<0.05),超声乳化和手法小切口白内障手术之间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术中高眼压的发生与原有青光眼、高度近视、高血压和情绪紧张有关。结论术前充分了解并避免相关诱因,选择适当的术式,保持术中前房稳定,对预防术中高眼压的发生,保证手术成功有积极意义。     

闭角型青光眼术后高眼压合并白内障患者人工晶状体植入术的疗效观察

目的 :探讨闭角型青光眼术后高眼压患者施行白内障超声乳化及人工晶状体植入术对眼压的影响 ,了解视野变化及视力恢复情况。方法 :对 32例 41只眼闭角型青光眼术后高眼压合并白内障的患者行白内障超声乳化及人工晶状体植入术。术后随访 ,测量眼压 ,观察视野及房角并检查视力 ,所得数据与术前进行比较并对有关数据进行统计学处理。结果 :38只眼术后眼压正常 ,均 <2 1mmHg。 2只眼眼压在 2 2～ 30mmHg之间 ,较术前 (34只眼 )明显降低 ,差异有显著性 (P <0 0 0 1 ) ,眼压 >30mmHg者仅 1只眼 ,和术前 (7只眼 )对照明显减少 ,差异有显著性 (P =0 0 2 6) ;观察视野 6～ 1 8个月 ,视野进行性缩小2只眼 ,与术前比较 (9只眼 )明显减少 ,有显著差异 (P =0 0 2 3)。房角关闭范围达 1 /2象限以上者从术前的 53 66 %下降到2 9 2 7%。视力均有不同程度提高。结论 :对于闭角型青光眼术后高眼压合并白内障的患者 ,通过施行白内障超声乳化及人工晶状体植入手术可以有效地降低眼压 ,防止视野进一步损害 ,改善视力     

激素诱发青光眼或高眼压的临床分析

目的:探讨糖皮质激素性青光眼或高眼压的病因、临床特点、治疗方法、预防措施。方法:对31例(60眼)糖皮质激素性青光眼或高眼压患者进行回顾性分析。结果:31例中男19例,女12例;年龄9～35(平均21.2±12.3)岁。双眼29例,单眼2例。均为局部使用。平均用药时间最短2wk,最长27mo。所有患者均因结膜炎以及其他外眼疾病,均具有开角型青光眼或高眼压的临床表现。结论:该病好发于青少年,滥用药物是发生该病的重要原因。     

PRK术后激素性高眼压

为了了解ＰＲＫ术后使用０．１％地塞米松眼液３－６个月引起的眼压变化，我们总结和分析了５０６例９４１只眼术后６个月以上的随访资料，发现有１４８例２５７只眼眼坟升高，范围在３．２４－６．２３ｋＰａ，平均４．２３ｋＰａ，最早出现眼压升高的时间在用药后２周，大多数在１个月。有２３例双眼眼压升高的患者出现视力下降、眼球胀痛、虹视等自学太。其他病例没有任何症状。在停用激素和抗青光肯治疗３－７天后，绝大多数患者     

准分子激光角膜屈光术后皮质类固醇性高眼压临床相关因素分析

目的:探讨准分子激光角膜屈光术后皮质类固醇性高眼压的发生率、临床相关凶素及预后.方法:对2005-12/2006-12间行LASIK或LASEK的2060例4060眼滴糖皮质激素眼液(1g/L地塞米松及1g/L氟米龙)2～3mo,术后1wk;1,2,3,6mo及1α观察眼压变化,对高眼压者进行治疗,并采用Logistic方法分析高眼压与年龄、性别、眼别、最大径线屈光度、最大径线角膜曲率、角膜切削深度和眼底垂直径杯/盘比值的相关性.结果:有88例143眼发生了高眼压,发生率为3.5%,所有高眼压患者经药物治疗眼压均降至正常.Logistic回归分析结果显示,眼底杯/盘比值与高眼压相关性P值为0.015,OR值为3.071,其他因素P值均大于0.1.眼底垂直径杯/盘比值大于等于0.4者发生皮质类固醇性高眼压的几率是小于0.4者的3.071倍.结论:准分子激光角膜屈光术后应用糖皮质激素眼液可引起部分患者发生皮质类固醇性高眼压,眼底垂直径杯/盘比值与皮质类固醇性高眼压有较强相关性,大于等于0.4是皮质类固醇性高眼压的高危因素,对眼底杯/盘比值大于等于0-4者术后可酌情减少激素用量和/或加用降眼压药物.     

手术治疗糖尿病性白内障60眼临床分析

目的:分析小切口白内障囊外摘出人工晶状体植入术和超声乳化白内障吸除人工晶状体植入术治疗糖尿病性白内障的疗效及并发症。方法:选择2006-01/2010-01确诊为糖尿病性白内障患者52例60眼,Ⅱ～Ⅲ级核47眼,采用超声乳化白内障吸除后房型人工晶状体植入术;Ⅳ～Ⅴ级核13眼,采用小切口白内障囊外摘出后房型人工晶状体植入术。结果:糖尿病患者52例60眼白内障术后视力均有不同程度的提高,其中50眼(83%)术后1wk裸眼视力≥0.4。术中术后主要并发症经处理对术后视力无影响。结论:对糖尿病性白内障患者采取恰当的术式,施行小切口白内障囊外摘出人工晶状体植入术或超声乳化白内障吸除人工晶状体植入术疗效肯定。     

儿童白内障手术治疗的临床观察

目的观察白内障摘出联合人工晶状体植入术治疗儿童白内障的临床疗效并探讨术后并发症的防御措施。方法对45例(60眼)儿童白内障,其中先天性白内障38眼,外伤性白内障22眼,分别采用不同术式联合不同类型的人工晶状体植入,术后随访12个月,对术后视力、术中及术后并发症等进行分析。结果术后脱盲率为91.3%,脱残率为81.0%.术中并发症为后囊破裂和玻璃体脱出,术后主要的并发症为后囊膜混浊、葡萄膜炎、人工晶状体夹持、弱视和斜视、继发青光眼。结论儿童先天性白内障及外伤性白内障行晶状体摘出联合人工晶状体植入,可以有效提高患眼的视功能,而术后的屈光矫正及弱视训练对于患儿视功能重建具有重要作用。     

The effect of combined topical-intracameral anaesthesia on neuroleptic requirements during cataract surgery

Objective: To evaluate whether the addition of intracameral lidocaine to topical anaesthesia during cataract surgery leads to a decrease in the administration of intraoperative midazolam and fentanyl.Design: Retrospective case-control study.Participants: The eyes of 124 patients undergoing phacoemulsification were included in the study, with 62 in the intracameral group and 62 in the control group.Methods: A single-centre, retrospective chart review of cases between April and October 2007 in which patients had undergone small-incision phacoemulsification with foldable intraocular lens insertion and received preoperatively either topical tetracaine 0.5% with unpreserved intracameral lidocaine 1% (intracameral group) or topical tetracaine 0.5% alone (control group). Intraoperatively, midazolam and fentanyl were administered as needed based on pain and anxiety.Results: A total of 124 eyes (124 patients) were included. There was no statistically significant difference between the mean intraoperative midazolam doses given for the 2 groups (p = 0.08). The mean intraoperative dose of fentanyl was lower in the intracameral than in the control group (p < 0.0001). A comparison of intraoperative fentanyl requirements between groups using a multivariate regression analysis for age, gender, surgical time, and preopera-tive fentanyl levels confirmed the lower need for intraoperative fentanyl in the intracameral compared with the control group (p = 0.0037). There were no anaesthetic complications among any of the study patients.Conclusions: Patients receiving topical tetracaine 0.5% with unpreserved intracameral lidocaine 1% during cataract surgery demonstrated a reduction in intraoperative fentanyl requirements. Surgeons performing cataract surgery under topical anaesthesia should consider the addition of intracameral lidocaine 1% to decrease fentanyl requirements and improve patient safety and comfort.     

晶状体超声乳化人工晶状体植入术的临床观察

目的探讨白内障施行晶状体超声乳化人工晶状体植入术的特点、手术技巧、并发症及防治措施。方法对65眼白内障施行无缝线5.5mm切口超声乳化人工晶状体植入术。结果术后第1天裸眼视力≥0.5者38眼(58.46%),术后1周视力≥0.5者47眼(72.31%);术后1月视力≥0.5者53眼(81.54%)。术中术后主要并发症有后囊破裂3例(5眼,7.69%);角膜内皮水肿9例(11眼,16.92%)。结论采用无需缝合的反眉状隧道式切口行晶状体超声乳化人工晶状体植入术可获较佳视力,而手术成功的关键在手术者的手术方法和操作技巧。     

Secondary glaucoma after pediatric cataract surgery

AIM:To determine the incidence and risk factors of secondary glaucoma after pediatric cataract surgery.METHODS: Two hundred and forty nine eyes of 148 patients underwent cataract surgery without intraocular lens (IOL) implantation (group 1), and 220 eyes of 129 patients underwent cataract surgery with IOL implantation (group 2) retrospectively, were evaluated between 2000 and 2011.The outcome measure was the presence or absence of post-cataract surgery glaucoma, defined as an intraocular pressure (IOP) ≥26mmHg, as measured on at least two occasions along with corneal or optic nerve changes.RESULTS: The mean follow-up periods of group 1 and 2 were (60.86±30.95) months (12-123 months) and (62.11±31.29) months (14-115 months) respectively. In group 1, 12 eyes of 8 patients (4.8%) developed glaucoma. None of the patients developed glaucoma after surgery in group 2. The mean age of the patients at the cataract surgery was (2.58±0.90) months (1 month-4 months) and the average period for glaucoma development after surgery was (9.50±4.33) months (4-16 months) in group 1. Three of the 12 glaucomatous eyes were controlled with antiglaucomatous medication and 9 eyes underwent trabeculectomy+mitomycin C surgery. One patient underwent a second trabeculectomy + mitomycin C operation for both of his eyes.CONCLUSION: The incidence of glaucoma after pediatric cataract surgery is very low in patients in whom IOL is implanted. The aphakic eyes after pediatric cataract surgery are at an increased risk for glaucoma development particularly if they underwent surgery before 4 months of age.     

小切口白内障摘除治疗急性闭角型青光眼合并白内障

目的：探讨小切口白内障摘除用于治疗急性闭角型青光眼合并白内障患者的临床疗效与价值。

方法：选取2012-05/2013-11我院收治的60例急性闭角型青光眼合并白内障患者作为观察对象,随机分为A组、B组、C组,每组各20例。A组行抗青光眼手术治疗,B组采用青光眼白内障联合手术,C组采用单纯小切口白内障摘除联合人工晶状体植入术治疗。观察三组患者术前、术后眼压、前房深度、前房角、视乳头C/D比值改变及矫正视力、并发症的发生、住院时间、成本效益及学习曲线等指标。

结果：三组患者入院时及用药后眼压均无明显差别(P>0.05); 经不同手术方式后,C组眼压显著优于A组和B组(P<0.05); 不同手术后,患者矫正视力均发生改变,A组和B组比较差异无显著性(P>0.05),C组明显优于A组和B组(P<0.05); A组和B组并发症比较,差异无显著性(P>0.05),C组并发症明显少于A组和B两组(P<0.05)。

结论：小切口白内障摘除术治疗急性闭角型青光眼恢复时间快,创口小,疗效显著且并发症少,能够有效提高疾病治愈率,改善患者生活质量,无需昂贵的医疗设备,学习曲线短,费用低,值得临床推广使用。     

白内障术后角膜后弹力层脱离的临床观察

目的：探讨白内障超声乳化联合人工晶状体植入术及白内障囊外摘除联合人工晶状体植入术所致角膜后弹力层脱离的原因及有效诊疗方法。

方法：回顾性分析2015-01/2017-12在我院行白内障超声乳化联合人工晶状体植入术或白内障囊外摘除联合人工晶状体植入术的2 006例2 069眼,对术中或者术后发生角膜后弹力层脱离的26例26眼患者的诊疗及预后进行临床观察。

结果：发生不同程度角膜后弹力层脱离的26例26眼患者经相应治疗,未发生角膜内皮失代偿。角膜水肿消退,恢复透明,视力不同程度地提升。UBM检查证实后弹力层复位。

结论：白内障术中术后及时发现,根据不同情况选择合适的治疗方法,是治疗白内障术后角膜后弹力层脱离,恢复患者视力的关键。     

Optimising biometry for best outcomes in cataract surgery

Biometry has become one of the most important steps in modern cataract surgery and, according to the Royal College of Ophthalmologists Cataract Surgery Guidelines, what matters most is achieving excellent results. This paper is aimed at the NHS cataract surgeon and intends to be a critical review of the recent literature on biometry for cataract surgery, summarising the evidence for current best practice standards and available practical strategies for improving outcomes for patients. With modern optical biometry for the majority of patients, informed formula choice and intraocular lens (IOL) constant optimisation outcomes of more than 90% within ±1 D and more than 60% within ±0.5 D of target are achievable. There are a number of strategies available to surgeons wishing to exceed these outcomes, the most promising of which are the use of strict-tolerance IOLs and second eye prediction refinement.