不锈钢化学抛光

不锈钢化学抛光设备简单、投资少、效率高.随着不锈钢制品使用的增加,不锈钢化学抛光也成为人们关注的热点.     

不锈钢化学抛光研究

研究了抛光液组成和工艺参数对１Ｃｒ１８Ｎｉ９Ｔｉ不锈钢化学抛光质量的影响，获得了性能优异的抛光液和最佳的工艺参数；定性简述了几种添加剂在抛光中的作用。     

浅谈不锈钢化学抛光添加剂的选择

介绍了不锈钢化学抛光添加剂的种类、作用及其用量，测定并比较了不锈钢试片在含有两种添加剂的抛光液中进行抛光后的外观和表面粗糙度。结果表明，添加剂对抛光效果的影响较大。     

不锈钢常温化学抛光工艺

通过改变不锈钢常温化学抛光工艺参数，观察其对抛光效果的影响和腐蚀失重的变化，筛选出既有较好抛光效果，同时又能腐蚀失重较小、抛光成本较低的常温化学抛光工艺。     

不锈钢卡的化学抛光

不锈钢因其优异的耐蚀性和装饰性而在工业生产和日常用品中得到广泛应用,并将发挥越来越重要的作用。曲阜锻件厂生产不锈钢卡,在加工过程中受高温氧化作用使其表面生成较厚的黑色氧化皮,严重影响了其性能和外观,必须进行抛光处理。     

不锈钢室温化学抛光研究

对大面积不锈钢制品的抛光需要在室温条件下进行。本文研究了不锈钢室温化学抛光液的组成和工艺参数。讨论了抛光液各组分和抛光温度、时间、搅拌方式及材料性质对工艺参数的影响。通过实验发现,该抛光液对各种奥氏体不锈钢的抛光处理在适宜条件下均匀可得到满意的抛光效果。     

不锈钢化学抛光工艺的发展

综述不锈钢化学抛光工艺的发展和各种典型抛光溶液,并论述工艺过程和表面质量的控制问题。     

不锈钢拉伸工件化学抛光工艺

不锈钢拉伸工件采用常规的化学抛光工艺不能达到理想的效果。提出了一套较理想的不锈钢拉伸工件化学抛光工艺。介绍了该工艺的流程、规范，以及化学抛光原理及影响因素，     

不锈钢化学抛光工艺的研究

为了消除传统的三酸抛光对环境和人体健康的危害,本文开发了一种磷酸体系的无烟不锈钢化学抛光工艺,研究了不锈钢化学抛光液的组成和抛光温度、时间等工艺参数对抛光效果的影响。利用电位-时间曲线对抛光过程进行了分析,确定了最佳的抛光工艺条件:120mL/L磷酸,60g/L硝酸钠,60mL/L盐酸,15mL/L添加剂,θ为60℃,t抛光为3～5min。     

不锈钢化学抛光实践

1　前言6 9111不锈钢是属于半奥氏体沉淀不锈钢。它易于加工成型 ,且经冷作硬化时效处理能获得优良的机械性能 ,而且 ,具有优良的化学稳定性。为了有效地去除加工过程 (比如冷冲压 )中产生的毛刺、机械划损伤 ,应力层加热处理过程中生成的复杂的氧化物等 ,改善表面粗糙度 ,对 6 9111不锈钢零件可采用化学抛光。该工艺比机械抛光、电化学抛光工效高、成本低、操作简单。2　化学抛光的机理和溶液的选择6 9111不锈钢零件化学抛光机理与钢铁件的化学抛光及金属电抛光大体相同。 6 9111不锈钢在特定条件下化学浸蚀 ,表面被抛光溶液浸蚀和整平 ,获…     

大型车辆烘干室技术浅谈——能源的合理利用

介绍了大型车辆烘干室的工作原理并对其节能措施进行了分析。     

A Model-Based Framework to Optimize Pharmaceuticals Freeze Drying

This article is focused on the design of pharmaceutical freeze-drying recipes using in-line or off-line tools. In particular, the model predictive control system is here used to optimize the in-line process, and the design space is used for off-line optimization. Because both methods uses a mathematical model of the process, the problem of estimating the model parameters, including their uncertainty or variability in the lot of vials, is addressed. Then, the strengths and the weaknesses of the various methods are discussed, with particular emphasis on their robustness and their application in industrial-scale freeze dryers. In particular, the ability of the model predictive control tool to obtain the optimal recipe in only one run and its capacity to manage the system in case of an in-line modification of the product properties are shown. For this purpose, experimental results obtained for sucrose- and mannitol-based formulations are presented.     

浅谈火力发电厂化水除盐处理技术的优化

火力发电厂化水系统传统的除盐技术有活性炭吸附和离子交换法,该工艺除盐原理简单,技术成熟,近年来随着工艺的发展,以超滤、反渗透及EDI为核心的全膜处理技术开始兴起,具有操作简单、出水率高及二次污染小的特点。以绍兴市清能环保有限公司为例,对传统和优化两套工艺的处理过程进行研究分析,对比适用条件和优缺点,为化水系统的日常运行提供理论指导。     

Role of Freeze Drying in Nanotechnology

Governments worldwide have spent more money on nanotechnology between 1997 and 2005 than on the Apollo project. The spending trend is still going upwards. Drying is an indispensable operation in the fabrication of nanosized materials. Hence, it is no surprise to find a large number of papers published in the past decade on drying and nano-related materials. This article reviews the literature and highlights the opportunities and challenges of freeze drying in nanotechnology. Freeze drying has found application in the production of nanoparticles for electrochemical, environmental, engineered materials, and pharmaceutical industries. The retention of the homogenous properties typically found in a solution, the small size of particles produced, and the long shelf life obtained for pharmaceutical applications are the primary reasons for choosing freeze drying. The relatively cheap operation cost compared to supercritical fluid extraction is another reason. Freezing was found to be a very important step in obtaining desired particle size and properties. Primary drying of solvent sublimation should be carried out at a temperature below the collapse temperature. Cryoprotectants are frequently necessary in preserving the original properties of active pharmaceutical ingredients. Spray freezing into liquid was found to be an optimal operation in order to minimize the air-liquid interfacial loss of bioactivity. A continuous freeze-drying process for production of granules of nanoparticles would be in demand, a dream that freeze-drying researchers have had for over a decade. This freeze drying may be carried out under vacuum or at atmospheric pressure using proper gases.     

真空冷冻干燥机制品搁板制冷的优化

制品搁板是真空冷冻干燥机最主要的部件之一。它承担制品的预冷和加热升华等冷冻干燥的主要功能。搁板温度与放置其上的制品温度有直接的关系。搁板的加热主要依靠电加热装置实现。搁板的预冷则主要依靠制冷机组制冷来实现。随着制冷工况的变化,机组制冷量会有很大的变化,所以较难实现比较恒定的降温速率、很低的温度及高精度控制。介绍了搁板制冷的优化方案：1．搁板最低制冷温度的优化;2．搁板降温速率的优化;3．搁板温度精度的控制。通过上述优化,制品品质得到了大幅度提升,用户可以得到满意的优质冻干制品。     

Role of Freeze Drying in Nanotechnology

Governments worldwide have spent more money on nanotechnology between 1997 and 2005 than on the Apollo project. The spending trend is still going upwards. Drying is an indispensable operation in the fabrication of nanosized materials. Hence, it is no surprise to find a large number of papers published in the past decade on drying and nano-related materials. This article reviews the literature and highlights the opportunities and challenges of freeze drying in nanotechnology. Freeze drying has found application in the production of nanoparticles for electrochemical, environmental, engineered materials, and pharmaceutical industries. The retention of the homogenous properties typically found in a solution, the small size of particles produced, and the long shelf life obtained for pharmaceutical applications are the primary reasons for choosing freeze drying. The relatively cheap operation cost compared to supercritical fluid extraction is another reason. Freezing was found to be a very important step in obtaining desired particle size and properties. Primary drying of solvent sublimation should be carried out at a temperature below the collapse temperature. Cryoprotectants are frequently necessary in preserving the original properties of active pharmaceutical ingredients. Spray freezing into liquid was found to be an optimal operation in order to minimize the air–liquid interfacial loss of bioactivity. A continuous freeze-drying process for production of granules of nanoparticles would be in demand, a dream that freeze-drying researchers have had for over a decade. This freeze drying may be carried out under vacuum or at atmospheric pressure using proper gases.     

冷冻干燥过程的数学模型

本文以物料衡算和热量衡算为基础，作适当的简化，导出了所需参数较少，但能准确地预测冷冻干燥全过程时间的数学模型，通过对胡萝卜和土豆的实验研究，检验了模型的适用性和准确性。     

常压吸附流化冷冻干燥技术的研究与探索

阐述了常压吸附流化冷冻干燥与真空冷冻干燥的原理、特点、研究概况和能耗分析,提出常压吸附流化冷冻干燥可能成为一种新型冷冻干燥技术而具有较高的研究开发价值.     

预冻在冻干过程中的作用简

预冻环节中降温速度、冻结温度、冻结时间都是重要的工艺参数,它们互相作用,影响着冻结体的结晶情况,最终会对冻干过程形成决定性的影响。本文通过实例,介绍了预冻过程中冻结速率对冻干结果的影响。说明适当的预冻参数可大大提高冻干效率和产品质量。     

How to Meet the Freeze Drying Standard in Combined Drying Processes: Pre and Finish Drying of Carrot Dice

Freeze-drying (FD) processes are well known to produce high-quality consumer products. Major problems are long drying times, high investment costs, and resulting maintenance and operating costs that make FD a very costly process. In this study, the potential of air drying (AD) and microwave vacuum drying (MVD) is tested to reduce freeze-drying times and make better utilization of the investment by combining FD with alternative lower cost drying processes using a pre or finish drying step while preserving the qualwity of the final product. Using carrot dice as a sample product, predrying did not lead to the desired qualities and reduction in drying time, whereas finish drying produced promising results. FD/MVD was 40% faster than pure FD and achieved freeze-drying standards regarding volume retention, shape, color, and rehydration. The good performance of microwave vacuum finish drying can directly be traced back to a time effect that is possibly linked to a characteristic collapse time of the cellular matrix. In order to use this effect, a stable skeleton must have developed at the point of process changeover, changeover has to be immediate, and finish drying has to be quick.